Bump version for release.

Merge pull request #78 from Alphix/update-systemd-service

.drone.yml

@@ -13,19 +13,30 @@ services:
     environment:
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test2
       POSTGRES_DB: test
-      POSTGRES_USER: postgres2
     commands:
       - docker-entrypoint.sh -p 5433
-  - name: mysql
-    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.5
+  - name: mariadb
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
     environment:
-      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
-      MYSQL_DATABASE: test
-  - name: mysql2
-    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.5
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+  - name: mariadb2
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
     environment:
-      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
-      MYSQL_DATABASE: test
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+    commands:
+      - docker-entrypoint.sh --port=3307
+  - name: not-actually-mysql
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
+    environment:
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+  - name: not-actually-mysql2
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
+    environment:
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
     commands:
       - docker-entrypoint.sh --port=3307
   - name: mongodb
@@ -82,5 +93,3 @@ trigger:
     - borgmatic-collective/borgmatic
   branch:
     - main
-  event:
-    - push

.gitea/issue_template/config.yaml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: false
+blank_issues_enabled: true

NEWS

@@ -1,3 +1,63 @@
+1.8.4
+ * #715: Add a monitoring hook for sending backup status to a variety of monitoring services via the
+   Apprise library. See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#apprise-hook
+ * #748: When an archive filter causes no matching archives for the "rlist" or "info"
+   actions, warn the user and suggest how to remove the filter.
+ * #768: Fix a traceback when an invalid command-line flag or action is used.
+ * #771: Fix normalization of deprecated sections ("location:", "storage:", "hooks:", etc.) to
+   support empty sections without erroring.
+ * #774: Disallow the "--dry-run" flag with the "borg" action, as borgmatic can't guarantee the Borg
+   command won't have side effects.
+
+1.8.3
+ * #665: BREAKING: Simplify logging logic as follows: Syslog verbosity is now disabled by
+   default, but setting the "--syslog-verbosity" flag enables it regardless of whether you're at an
+   interactive console. Additionally, "--log-file-verbosity" and "--monitoring-verbosity" now
+   default to 1 (info about steps borgmatic is taking) instead of 0. And both syslog logging and
+   file logging can be enabled simultaneously.
+ * #743: Add a monitoring hook for sending backup status and logs to Grafana Loki. See the
+   documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#loki-hook
+ * #753: When "archive_name_format" is not set, filter archives using the default archive name
+   format.
+ * #754: Fix error handling to log command output as one record per line instead of truncating
+   too-long output and swallowing the end of some Borg error messages.
+ * #757: Update documentation so "sudo borgmatic" works for pipx borgmatic installations.
+ * #761: Fix for borgmatic not stopping Borg immediately when the user presses ctrl-C.
+ * Update documentation to recommend installing/upgrading borgmatic with pipx instead of pip. See the
+   documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#installation
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/upgrade/#upgrading-borgmatic
+
+1.8.2
+ * #345: Add "key export" action to export a copy of the repository key for safekeeping in case
+   the original goes missing or gets damaged.
+ * #727: Add a MariaDB database hook that uses native MariaDB commands instead of the deprecated
+   MySQL ones. Be aware though that any existing backups made with the "mysql_databases:" hook are
+   only restorable with a "mysql_databases:" configuration.
+ * #738: Fix for potential data loss (data not getting restored) in which the database "restore"
+   action didn't actually restore anything and indicated success anyway.
+ * Remove the deprecated use of the MongoDB hook's "--db" flag for database restoration.
+ * Add source code reference documentation for getting oriented with the borgmatic code as a
+   developer: https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/source-code/
+
+1.8.1
+ * #326: Add documentation for restoring a database to an alternate host:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/#restore-to-an-alternate-host
+ * #697: Add documentation for "bootstrap" action:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/#extract-the-configuration-files-used-to-create-an-archive
+ * #725: Add "store_config_files" option for disabling the automatic backup of configuration files
+   used by the "config bootstrap" action.
+ * #728: Fix for "prune" action error when using the "keep_exclude_tags" option.
+ * #730: Fix for Borg's interactive prompt on the "check --repair" action automatically getting
+   answered "NO" even when the "check_i_know_what_i_am_doing" option isn't set.
+ * #732: Include multiple configuration files with a single "!include". See the documentation for
+   more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#multiple-merge-includes
+ * #734: Omit "--glob-archives" or "--match-archives" Borg flag when its value would be "*" (meaning
+   all archives).
+
 1.8.0
  * #575: BREAKING: For the "borgmatic borg" action, instead of implicitly injecting
    repository/archive into the resulting Borg command-line, pass repository to Borg via an
@@ -10,10 +70,10 @@
    "check --repair".
  * When merging two configuration files, error gracefully if the two files do not adhere to the same
    format.
- * #721: Remove configuration sections ("location:", "storage:", "hooks:" etc.), while still keeping
-   deprecated support for them. Now, all options are at the same level, and you don't need to worry
-   about commenting/uncommenting section headers when you change an option (if you remove your
-   sections first).
+ * #721: Remove configuration sections ("location:", "storage:", "hooks:", etc.), while still
+   keeping deprecated support for them. Now, all options are at the same level, and you don't need
+   to worry about commenting/uncommenting section headers when you change an option (if you remove
+   your sections first).
  * #721: BREAKING: The retention prefix and the consistency prefix can no longer have different
    values (unless one is not set).
  * #721: BREAKING: The storage umask and the hooks umask can no longer have different values (unless

README.md

@@ -48,24 +48,27 @@ postgresql_databases:
     - name: users
 
 # Third-party services to notify you if backups aren't happening.
-healthchecks: https://hc-ping.com/be067061-cf96-4412-8eae-62b0c50d6a8c
+healthchecks:
+    ping_url: https://hc-ping.com/be067061-cf96-4412-8eae-62b0c50d6a8c
 ```
 
 borgmatic is powered by [Borg Backup](https://www.borgbackup.org/).
 
 ## Integrations
 
-<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/"><img src="docs/static/postgresql.png" alt="PostgreSQL" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://www.mysql.com/"><img src="docs/static/mysql.png" alt="MySQL" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://mariadb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mariadb.png" alt="MariaDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://www.mongodb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mongodb.png" alt="MongoDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://sqlite.org/"><img src="docs/static/sqlite.png" alt="SQLite" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://healthchecks.io/"><img src="docs/static/healthchecks.png" alt="Healthchecks" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://cronitor.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronitor.png" alt="Cronitor" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://cronhub.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronhub.png" alt="Cronhub" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://www.pagerduty.com/"><img src="docs/static/pagerduty.png" alt="PagerDuty" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://ntfy.sh/"><img src="docs/static/ntfy.png" alt="ntfy" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<a href="https://www.borgbase.com/?utm_source=borgmatic"><img src="docs/static/borgbase.png" alt="BorgBase" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/"><img src="docs/static/postgresql.png" alt="PostgreSQL" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://www.mysql.com/"><img src="docs/static/mysql.png" alt="MySQL" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://mariadb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mariadb.png" alt="MariaDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://www.mongodb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mongodb.png" alt="MongoDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://sqlite.org/"><img src="docs/static/sqlite.png" alt="SQLite" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://healthchecks.io/"><img src="docs/static/healthchecks.png" alt="Healthchecks" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://cronitor.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronitor.png" alt="Cronitor" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://cronhub.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronhub.png" alt="Cronhub" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://www.pagerduty.com/"><img src="docs/static/pagerduty.png" alt="PagerDuty" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://ntfy.sh/"><img src="docs/static/ntfy.png" alt="ntfy" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://grafana.com/oss/loki/"><img src="docs/static/loki.png" alt="Loki" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki"><img src="docs/static/apprise.png" alt="Apprise" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
+<a href="https://www.borgbase.com/?utm_source=borgmatic"><img src="docs/static/borgbase.png" alt="BorgBase" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px; margin-right:20px;"></a>
 
 
 ## Getting started

borgmatic/actions/create.py

@@ -78,20 +78,23 @@ def run_create(
     )
     logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Creating archive{dry_run_label}')
     borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
-        'remove_database_dumps',
+        'remove_data_source_dumps',
         config,
         repository['path'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
         global_arguments.dry_run,
     )
     active_dumps = borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
-        'dump_databases',
+        'dump_data_sources',
         config,
         repository['path'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
         global_arguments.dry_run,
     )
-    create_borgmatic_manifest(config, global_arguments.used_config_paths, global_arguments.dry_run)
+    if config.get('store_config_files', True):
+        create_borgmatic_manifest(
+            config, global_arguments.used_config_paths, global_arguments.dry_run
+        )
     stream_processes = [process for processes in active_dumps.values() for process in processes]
 
     json_output = borgmatic.borg.create.create_archive(
@@ -112,10 +115,10 @@ def run_create(
         yield json.loads(json_output)
 
     borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
-        'remove_database_dumps',
+        'remove_data_source_dumps',
         config,
         config_filename,
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
         global_arguments.dry_run,
     )
     borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(

borgmatic/actions/export_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.export_key
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_export_key(
+    repository,
+    config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    export_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "key export" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if export_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, export_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Exporting repository key')
+        borgmatic.borg.export_key.export_key(
+            repository['path'],
+            config,
+            local_borg_version,
+            export_arguments,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )

borgmatic/actions/restore.py

@@ -17,50 +17,51 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 UNSPECIFIED_HOOK = object()
 
 
-def get_configured_database(
-    config, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name, configuration_database_name=None
+def get_configured_data_source(
+    config,
+    archive_data_source_names,
+    hook_name,
+    data_source_name,
+    configuration_data_source_name=None,
 ):
     '''
-    Find the first database with the given hook name and database name in the configuration dict and
-    the given archive database names dict (from hook name to database names contained in a
-    particular backup archive). If UNSPECIFIED_HOOK is given as the hook name, search all database
-    hooks for the named database. If a configuration database name is given, use that instead of the
-    database name to lookup the database in the given hooks configuration.
+    Find the first data source with the given hook name and data source name in the configuration
+    dict and the given archive data source names dict (from hook name to data source names contained
+    in a particular backup archive). If UNSPECIFIED_HOOK is given as the hook name, search all data
+    source hooks for the named data source. If a configuration data source name is given, use that
+    instead of the data source name to lookup the data source in the given hooks configuration.
 
-    Return the found database as a tuple of (found hook name, database configuration dict).
+    Return the found data source as a tuple of (found hook name, data source configuration dict) or
+    (None, None) if not found.
     '''
-    if not configuration_database_name:
-        configuration_database_name = database_name
+    if not configuration_data_source_name:
+        configuration_data_source_name = data_source_name
 
     if hook_name == UNSPECIFIED_HOOK:
         hooks_to_search = {
             hook_name: value
             for (hook_name, value) in config.items()
-            if hook_name in borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES
+            if hook_name in borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES
         }
     else:
-        hooks_to_search = {hook_name: config[hook_name]}
+        try:
+            hooks_to_search = {hook_name: config[hook_name]}
+        except KeyError:
+            return (None, None)
 
     return next(
         (
-            (name, hook_database)
+            (name, hook_data_source)
             for (name, hook) in hooks_to_search.items()
-            for hook_database in hook
-            if hook_database['name'] == configuration_database_name
-            and database_name in archive_database_names.get(name, [])
+            for hook_data_source in hook
+            if hook_data_source['name'] == configuration_data_source_name
+            and data_source_name in archive_data_source_names.get(name, [])
         ),
         (None, None),
     )
 
 
-def get_configured_hook_name_and_database(hooks, database_name):
-    '''
-    Find the hook name and first database dict with the given database name in the configured hooks
-    dict. This searches across all database hooks.
-    '''
-
-
-def restore_single_database(
+def restore_single_data_source(
     repository,
     config,
     local_borg_version,
@@ -69,27 +70,27 @@ def restore_single_database(
     remote_path,
     archive_name,
     hook_name,
-    database,
+    data_source,
     connection_params,
 ):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
-    Given (among other things) an archive name, a database hook name, the hostname,
-    port, username and password as connection params, and a configured database
-    configuration dict, restore that database from the archive.
+    Given (among other things) an archive name, a data source hook name, the hostname, port,
+    username/password as connection params, and a configured data source configuration dict, restore
+    that data source from the archive.
     '''
     logger.info(
-        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring database {database["name"]}'
+        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring data source {data_source["name"]}'
     )
 
     dump_pattern = borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
-        'make_database_dump_pattern',
+        'make_data_source_dump_pattern',
         config,
         repository['path'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-        database['name'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        data_source['name'],
     )[hook_name]
 
-    # Kick off a single database extract to stdout.
+    # Kick off a single data source extract to stdout.
     extract_process = borgmatic.borg.extract.extract_archive(
         dry_run=global_arguments.dry_run,
         repository=repository['path'],
@@ -103,23 +104,23 @@ def restore_single_database(
         destination_path='/',
         # A directory format dump isn't a single file, and therefore can't extract
         # to stdout. In this case, the extract_process return value is None.
-        extract_to_stdout=bool(database.get('format') != 'directory'),
+        extract_to_stdout=bool(data_source.get('format') != 'directory'),
     )
 
-    # Run a single database restore, consuming the extract stdout (if any).
+    # Run a single data source restore, consuming the extract stdout (if any).
     borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
-        'restore_database_dump',
-        config,
-        repository['path'],
-        database['name'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-        global_arguments.dry_run,
-        extract_process,
-        connection_params,
+        function_name='restore_data_source_dump',
+        config=config,
+        log_prefix=repository['path'],
+        hook_names=[hook_name],
+        data_source=data_source,
+        dry_run=global_arguments.dry_run,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params=connection_params,
     )
 
 
-def collect_archive_database_names(
+def collect_archive_data_source_names(
     repository,
     archive,
     config,
@@ -131,60 +132,62 @@ def collect_archive_database_names(
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, a resolved archive name, a configuration dict, the
     local Borg version, global_arguments an argparse.Namespace, and local and remote Borg paths,
-    query the archive for the names of databases it contains and return them as a dict from hook
-    name to a sequence of database names.
+    query the archive for the names of data sources it contains as dumps and return them as a dict
+    from hook name to a sequence of data source names.
     '''
     borgmatic_source_directory = os.path.expanduser(
         config.get(
             'borgmatic_source_directory', borgmatic.borg.state.DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
         )
     ).lstrip('/')
-    parent_dump_path = os.path.expanduser(
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.make_database_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, '*_databases/*/*')
-    )
     dump_paths = borgmatic.borg.list.capture_archive_listing(
         repository,
         archive,
         config,
         local_borg_version,
         global_arguments,
-        list_path=parent_dump_path,
+        list_paths=[
+            os.path.expanduser(
+                borgmatic.hooks.dump.make_data_source_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, pattern)
+            )
+            for pattern in ('*_databases/*/*',)
+        ],
         local_path=local_path,
         remote_path=remote_path,
     )
 
-    # Determine the database names corresponding to the dumps found in the archive and
+    # Determine the data source names corresponding to the dumps found in the archive and
     # add them to restore_names.
-    archive_database_names = {}
+    archive_data_source_names = {}
 
     for dump_path in dump_paths:
         try:
-            (hook_name, _, database_name) = dump_path.split(
+            (hook_name, _, data_source_name) = dump_path.split(
                 borgmatic_source_directory + os.path.sep, 1
             )[1].split(os.path.sep)[0:3]
         except (ValueError, IndexError):
             logger.warning(
-                f'{repository}: Ignoring invalid database dump path "{dump_path}" in archive {archive}'
+                f'{repository}: Ignoring invalid data source dump path "{dump_path}" in archive {archive}'
             )
         else:
-            if database_name not in archive_database_names.get(hook_name, []):
-                archive_database_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend([database_name])
+            if data_source_name not in archive_data_source_names.get(hook_name, []):
+                archive_data_source_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend([data_source_name])
 
-    return archive_database_names
+    return archive_data_source_names
 
 
-def find_databases_to_restore(requested_database_names, archive_database_names):
+def find_data_sources_to_restore(requested_data_source_names, archive_data_source_names):
     '''
-    Given a sequence of requested database names to restore and a dict of hook name to the names of
-    databases found in an archive, return an expanded sequence of database names to restore,
-    replacing "all" with actual database names as appropriate.
+    Given a sequence of requested data source names to restore and a dict of hook name to the names
+    of data sources found in an archive, return an expanded sequence of data source names to
+    restore, replacing "all" with actual data source names as appropriate.
 
-    Raise ValueError if any of the requested database names cannot be found in the archive.
+    Raise ValueError if any of the requested data source names cannot be found in the archive.
     '''
-    # A map from database hook name to the database names to restore for that hook.
+    # A map from data source hook name to the data source names to restore for that hook.
     restore_names = (
-        {UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: requested_database_names}
-        if requested_database_names
+        {UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: requested_data_source_names}
+        if requested_data_source_names
         else {UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: ['all']}
     )
 
@@ -193,56 +196,59 @@ def find_databases_to_restore(requested_database_names, archive_database_names):
     if 'all' in restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
         restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK].remove('all')
 
-        for hook_name, database_names in archive_database_names.items():
-            restore_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend(database_names)
+        for hook_name, data_source_names in archive_data_source_names.items():
+            restore_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend(data_source_names)
 
-            # If a database is to be restored as part of "all", then remove it from restore names so
-            # it doesn't get restored twice.
-            for database_name in database_names:
-                if database_name in restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
-                    restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK].remove(database_name)
+            # If a data source is to be restored as part of "all", then remove it from restore names
+            # so it doesn't get restored twice.
+            for data_source_name in data_source_names:
+                if data_source_name in restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
+                    restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK].remove(data_source_name)
 
     if not restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
         restore_names.pop(UNSPECIFIED_HOOK)
 
     combined_restore_names = set(
-        name for database_names in restore_names.values() for name in database_names
+        name for data_source_names in restore_names.values() for name in data_source_names
     )
-    combined_archive_database_names = set(
-        name for database_names in archive_database_names.values() for name in database_names
+    combined_archive_data_source_names = set(
+        name
+        for data_source_names in archive_data_source_names.values()
+        for name in data_source_names
     )
 
-    missing_names = sorted(set(combined_restore_names) - combined_archive_database_names)
+    missing_names = sorted(set(combined_restore_names) - combined_archive_data_source_names)
     if missing_names:
         joined_names = ', '.join(f'"{name}"' for name in missing_names)
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Cannot restore database{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from archive"
+            f"Cannot restore data source{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from archive"
         )
 
     return restore_names
 
 
-def ensure_databases_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names):
+def ensure_data_sources_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names):
     '''
-    Given a dict from hook name to database names to restore, a dict from hook name to remaining
-    database names to restore, and a sequence of found (actually restored) database names, raise
-    ValueError if requested databases to restore were missing from the archive and/or configuration.
+    Given a dict from hook name to data source names to restore, a dict from hook name to remaining
+    data source names to restore, and a sequence of found (actually restored) data source names,
+    raise ValueError if requested data source to restore were missing from the archive and/or
+    configuration.
     '''
     combined_restore_names = set(
         name
-        for database_names in tuple(restore_names.values())
+        for data_source_names in tuple(restore_names.values())
         + tuple(remaining_restore_names.values())
-        for name in database_names
+        for name in data_source_names
     )
 
     if not combined_restore_names and not found_names:
-        raise ValueError('No databases were found to restore')
+        raise ValueError('No data sources were found to restore')
 
     missing_names = sorted(set(combined_restore_names) - set(found_names))
     if missing_names:
         joined_names = ', '.join(f'"{name}"' for name in missing_names)
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Cannot restore database{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from borgmatic's configuration"
+            f"Cannot restore data source{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from borgmatic's configuration"
         )
 
 
@@ -259,7 +265,7 @@ def run_restore(
     Run the "restore" action for the given repository, but only if the repository matches the
     requested repository in restore arguments.
 
-    Raise ValueError if a configured database could not be found to restore.
+    Raise ValueError if a configured data source could not be found to restore.
     '''
     if restore_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
         repository, restore_arguments.repository
@@ -267,14 +273,14 @@ def run_restore(
         return
 
     logger.info(
-        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring databases from archive {restore_arguments.archive}'
+        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring data sources from archive {restore_arguments.archive}'
     )
 
     borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
-        'remove_database_dumps',
+        'remove_data_source_dumps',
         config,
         repository['path'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
         global_arguments.dry_run,
     )
 
@@ -287,7 +293,7 @@ def run_restore(
         local_path,
         remote_path,
     )
-    archive_database_names = collect_archive_database_names(
+    archive_data_source_names = collect_archive_data_source_names(
         repository['path'],
         archive_name,
         config,
@@ -296,7 +302,9 @@ def run_restore(
         local_path,
         remote_path,
     )
-    restore_names = find_databases_to_restore(restore_arguments.databases, archive_database_names)
+    restore_names = find_data_sources_to_restore(
+        restore_arguments.data_sources, archive_data_source_names
+    )
     found_names = set()
     remaining_restore_names = {}
     connection_params = {
@@ -307,20 +315,20 @@ def run_restore(
         'restore_path': restore_arguments.restore_path,
     }
 
-    for hook_name, database_names in restore_names.items():
-        for database_name in database_names:
-            found_hook_name, found_database = get_configured_database(
-                config, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name
+    for hook_name, data_source_names in restore_names.items():
+        for data_source_name in data_source_names:
+            found_hook_name, found_data_source = get_configured_data_source(
+                config, archive_data_source_names, hook_name, data_source_name
             )
 
-            if not found_database:
+            if not found_data_source:
                 remaining_restore_names.setdefault(found_hook_name or hook_name, []).append(
-                    database_name
+                    data_source_name
                 )
                 continue
 
-            found_names.add(database_name)
-            restore_single_database(
+            found_names.add(data_source_name)
+            restore_single_data_source(
                 repository,
                 config,
                 local_borg_version,
@@ -329,26 +337,26 @@ def run_restore(
                 remote_path,
                 archive_name,
                 found_hook_name or hook_name,
-                dict(found_database, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
+                dict(found_data_source, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
                 connection_params,
             )
 
-    # For any database that weren't found via exact matches in the configuration, try to fallback
-    # to "all" entries.
-    for hook_name, database_names in remaining_restore_names.items():
-        for database_name in database_names:
-            found_hook_name, found_database = get_configured_database(
-                config, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name, 'all'
+    # For any data sources that weren't found via exact matches in the configuration, try to
+    # fallback to "all" entries.
+    for hook_name, data_source_names in remaining_restore_names.items():
+        for data_source_name in data_source_names:
+            found_hook_name, found_data_source = get_configured_data_source(
+                config, archive_data_source_names, hook_name, data_source_name, 'all'
             )
 
-            if not found_database:
+            if not found_data_source:
                 continue
 
-            found_names.add(database_name)
-            database = copy.copy(found_database)
-            database['name'] = database_name
+            found_names.add(data_source_name)
+            data_source = copy.copy(found_data_source)
+            data_source['name'] = data_source_name
 
-            restore_single_database(
+            restore_single_data_source(
                 repository,
                 config,
                 local_borg_version,
@@ -357,16 +365,16 @@ def run_restore(
                 remote_path,
                 archive_name,
                 found_hook_name or hook_name,
-                dict(database, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
+                dict(data_source, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
                 connection_params,
             )
 
     borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
-        'remove_database_dumps',
+        'remove_data_source_dumps',
         config,
         repository['path'],
-        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES,
         global_arguments.dry_run,
     )
 
-    ensure_databases_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names)
+    ensure_data_sources_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names)

borgmatic/borg/check.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def filter_checks_on_frequency(
         if datetime.datetime.now() < check_time + frequency_delta:
             remaining = check_time + frequency_delta - datetime.datetime.now()
             logger.info(
-                f'Skipping {check} check due to configured frequency; {remaining} until next check'
+                f'Skipping {check} check due to configured frequency; {remaining} until next check (use --force to check anyway)'
             )
             filtered_checks.remove(check)
 

borgmatic/borg/create.py

@@ -215,9 +215,6 @@ def make_list_filter_flags(local_borg_version, dry_run):
         return f'{base_flags}-'
 
 
-DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT = '{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}'  # noqa: FS003
-
-
 def collect_borgmatic_source_directories(borgmatic_source_directory):
     '''
     Return a list of borgmatic-specific source directories used for state like database backups.
@@ -354,7 +351,11 @@ def create_archive(
             expand_directories(
                 tuple(config.get('source_directories', ()))
                 + borgmatic_source_directories
-                + tuple(global_arguments.used_config_paths)
+                + tuple(
+                    global_arguments.used_config_paths
+                    if config.get('store_config_files', True)
+                    else ()
+                )
             )
         ),
         additional_directory_devices=map_directories_to_devices(
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ def create_archive(
     lock_wait = config.get('lock_wait', None)
     list_filter_flags = make_list_filter_flags(local_borg_version, dry_run)
     files_cache = config.get('files_cache')
-    archive_name_format = config.get('archive_name_format', DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT)
+    archive_name_format = config.get('archive_name_format', flags.DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT)
     extra_borg_options = config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('create', '')
 
     if feature.available(feature.Feature.ATIME, local_borg_version):
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ def create_archive(
             f'{repository_path}: Ignoring configured "read_special" value of false, as true is needed for database hooks.'
         )
 
-    create_command = (
+    create_flags = (
         tuple(local_path.split(' '))
         + ('create',)
         + make_pattern_flags(config, pattern_file.name if pattern_file else None)
@@ -445,12 +446,12 @@ def create_archive(
         )
         + (('--dry-run',) if dry_run else ())
         + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
-            repository_path, archive_name_format, local_borg_version
-        )
-        + (sources if not pattern_file else ())
     )
 
+    create_positional_arguments = flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
+        repository_path, archive_name_format, local_borg_version
+    ) + (sources if not pattern_file else ())
+
     if json:
         output_log_level = None
     elif list_files or (stats and not dry_run):
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ def create_archive(
     if stream_processes and not config.get('read_special'):
         logger.debug(f'{repository_path}: Collecting special file paths')
         special_file_paths = collect_special_file_paths(
-            create_command,
+            create_flags + create_positional_arguments,
             local_path,
             working_directory,
             borg_environment,
@@ -486,9 +487,9 @@ def create_archive(
                 ),
                 pattern_file=exclude_file,
             )
-            create_command += make_exclude_flags(config, exclude_file.name)
+            create_flags += make_exclude_flags(config, exclude_file.name)
 
-    create_command += (
+    create_flags += (
         (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO and not json else ())
         + (('--stats',) if stats and not json and not dry_run else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and not json else ())
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ def create_archive(
 
     if stream_processes:
         return execute_command_with_processes(
-            create_command,
+            create_flags + create_positional_arguments,
             stream_processes,
             output_log_level,
             output_file,
@@ -508,14 +509,14 @@ def create_archive(
         )
     elif output_log_level is None:
         return execute_command_and_capture_output(
-            create_command,
+            create_flags + create_positional_arguments,
             working_directory=working_directory,
             extra_environment=borg_environment,
             borg_local_path=local_path,
         )
     else:
         execute_command(
-            create_command,
+            create_flags + create_positional_arguments,
             output_log_level,
             output_file,
             borg_local_path=local_path,

borgmatic/borg/environment.py

@@ -38,14 +38,16 @@ def make_environment(config):
         option_name,
         environment_variable_name,
     ) in DEFAULT_BOOL_OPTION_TO_DOWNCASE_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE.items():
-        value = config.get(option_name, False)
-        environment[environment_variable_name] = 'yes' if value else 'no'
+        value = config.get(option_name)
+        if value is not None:
+            environment[environment_variable_name] = 'yes' if value else 'no'
 
     for (
         option_name,
         environment_variable_name,
     ) in DEFAULT_BOOL_OPTION_TO_UPPERCASE_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE.items():
-        value = config.get(option_name, False)
-        environment[environment_variable_name] = 'YES' if value else 'NO'
+        value = config.get(option_name)
+        if value is not None:
+            environment[environment_variable_name] = 'YES' if value else 'NO'
 
     return environment

borgmatic/borg/export_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import logging
+import os
+
+import borgmatic.logger
+from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
+from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def export_key(
+    repository_path,
+    config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    export_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path='borg',
+    remote_path=None,
+):
+    '''
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a configuration dict, the local Borg version, and
+    optional local and remote Borg paths, export the repository key to the destination path
+    indicated in the export arguments.
+
+    If the destination path is empty or "-", then print the key to stdout instead of to a file.
+
+    Raise FileExistsError if a path is given but it already exists on disk.
+    '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+    umask = config.get('umask', None)
+    lock_wait = config.get('lock_wait', None)
+
+    if export_arguments.path and export_arguments.path != '-':
+        if os.path.exists(export_arguments.path):
+            raise FileExistsError(
+                f'Destination path {export_arguments.path} already exists. Aborting.'
+            )
+
+        output_file = None
+    else:
+        output_file = DO_NOT_CAPTURE
+
+    full_command = (
+        (local_path, 'key', 'export')
+        + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
+        + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
+        + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
+        + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
+        + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
+        + flags.make_flags('paper', export_arguments.paper)
+        + flags.make_flags('qr-html', export_arguments.qr_html)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(
+            repository_path,
+            local_borg_version,
+        )
+        + ((export_arguments.path,) if output_file is None else ())
+    )
+
+    if global_arguments.dry_run:
+        logging.info(f'{repository_path}: Skipping key export (dry run)')
+        return
+
+    execute_command(
+        full_command,
+        output_file=output_file,
+        output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+        borg_local_path=local_path,
+        extra_environment=environment.make_environment(config),
+    )

borgmatic/borg/flags.py

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import itertools
+import json
+import logging
 import re
 
 from borgmatic.borg import feature
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 def make_flags(name, value):
     '''
@@ -59,12 +63,15 @@ def make_repository_archive_flags(repository_path, archive, local_borg_version):
     )
 
 
+DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT = '{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}'  # noqa: FS003
+
+
 def make_match_archives_flags(match_archives, archive_name_format, local_borg_version):
     '''
     Return match archives flags based on the given match archives value, if any. If it isn't set,
-    return match archives flags to match archives created with the given archive name format, if
-    any. This is done by replacing certain archive name format placeholders for ephemeral data (like
-    "{now}") with globs.
+    return match archives flags to match archives created with the given (or default) archive name
+    format. This is done by replacing certain archive name format placeholders for ephemeral data
+    (like "{now}") with globs.
     '''
     if match_archives:
         if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version):
@@ -72,12 +79,37 @@ def make_match_archives_flags(match_archives, archive_name_format, local_borg_ve
         else:
             return ('--glob-archives', re.sub(r'^sh:', '', match_archives))
 
-    if not archive_name_format:
-        return ()
+    derived_match_archives = re.sub(
+        r'\{(now|utcnow|pid)([:%\w\.-]*)\}', '*', archive_name_format or DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT
+    )
 
-    derived_match_archives = re.sub(r'\{(now|utcnow|pid)([:%\w\.-]*)\}', '*', archive_name_format)
+    if derived_match_archives == '*':
+        return ()
 
     if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version):
         return ('--match-archives', f'sh:{derived_match_archives}')
     else:
         return ('--glob-archives', f'{derived_match_archives}')
+
+
+def warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(json_command, json_output):
+    '''
+    Given a JSON archives command and the resulting JSON string output from running it, parse the
+    JSON and warn if the command used an archive flag but the output indicates zero archives were
+    found.
+    '''
+    archive_flags_used = {'--glob-archives', '--match-archives'}.intersection(set(json_command))
+
+    if not archive_flags_used:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        if len(json.loads(json_output)['archives']) == 0:
+            logger.warning('An archive filter was applied, but no matching archives were found.')
+            logger.warning(
+                'Try adding --match-archives "*" or adjusting archive_name_format/match_archives in configuration.'
+            )
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as error:
+        logger.debug(f'Cannot parse JSON output from archive command: {error}')
+    except (TypeError, KeyError):
+        logger.debug('Cannot parse JSON output from archive command: No "archives" key found')

borgmatic/borg/info.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import argparse
 import logging
 
 import borgmatic.logger
@@ -7,24 +8,21 @@ from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_and_capture_outpu
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def display_archives_info(
+def make_info_command(
     repository_path,
     config,
     local_borg_version,
     info_arguments,
     global_arguments,
-    local_path='borg',
-    remote_path=None,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
 ):
     '''
-    Given a local or remote repository path, a configuration dict, the local Borg version, global
-    arguments as an argparse.Namespace, and the arguments to the info action, display summary
-    information for Borg archives in the repository or return JSON summary information.
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a configuration dict, the local Borg version, the
+    arguments to the info action as an argparse.Namespace, and global arguments, return a command
+    as a tuple to display summary information for archives in the repository.
     '''
-    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
-    lock_wait = config.get('lock_wait', None)
-
-    full_command = (
+    return (
         (local_path, 'info')
         + (
             ('--info',)
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ def display_archives_info(
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
-        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
+        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + (
             (
                 flags.make_flags('match-archives', f'sh:{info_arguments.prefix}*')
@@ -62,16 +60,56 @@ def display_archives_info(
         + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
+
+def display_archives_info(
+    repository_path,
+    config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    info_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path='borg',
+    remote_path=None,
+):
+    '''
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a configuration dict, the local Borg version, the
+    arguments to the info action as an argparse.Namespace, and global arguments, display summary
+    information for Borg archives in the repository or return JSON summary information.
+    '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+
+    main_command = make_info_command(
+        repository_path,
+        config,
+        local_borg_version,
+        info_arguments,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
+    )
+    json_command = make_info_command(
+        repository_path,
+        config,
+        local_borg_version,
+        argparse.Namespace(**dict(info_arguments.__dict__, json=True)),
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
+    )
+
+    json_info = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        json_command,
+        extra_environment=environment.make_environment(config),
+        borg_local_path=local_path,
+    )
+
     if info_arguments.json:
-        return execute_command_and_capture_output(
-            full_command,
-            extra_environment=environment.make_environment(config),
-            borg_local_path=local_path,
-        )
-    else:
-        execute_command(
-            full_command,
-            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
-            borg_local_path=local_path,
-            extra_environment=environment.make_environment(config),
-        )
+        return json_info
+
+    flags.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(json_command, json_info)
+
+    execute_command(
+        main_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+        borg_local_path=local_path,
+        extra_environment=environment.make_environment(config),
+    )

borgmatic/borg/list.py

@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ def capture_archive_listing(
     config,
     local_borg_version,
     global_arguments,
-    list_path=None,
+    list_paths=None,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, an archive name, a configuration dict, the local Borg
-    version, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace, the archive path in which to list files, and
+    version, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace, the archive paths in which to list files, and
     local and remote Borg paths, capture the output of listing that archive and return it as a list
     of file paths.
     '''
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def capture_archive_listing(
                 argparse.Namespace(
                     repository=repository_path,
                     archive=archive,
-                    paths=[f'sh:{list_path}'],
+                    paths=[f'sh:{path}' for path in list_paths] if list_paths else None,
                     find_paths=None,
                     json=None,
                     format='{path}{NL}',  # noqa: FS003

borgmatic/borg/prune.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def make_prune_flags(config, local_borg_version):
     flag_pairs = (
         ('--' + option_name.replace('_', '-'), str(value))
         for option_name, value in config.items()
-        if option_name.startswith('keep_')
+        if option_name.startswith('keep_') and option_name != 'keep_exclude_tags'
     )
     prefix = config.get('prefix')
 

borgmatic/borg/rlist.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import argparse
 import logging
 
 import borgmatic.logger
@@ -137,15 +138,28 @@ def list_repository(
         local_path,
         remote_path,
     )
+    json_command = make_rlist_command(
+        repository_path,
+        config,
+        local_borg_version,
+        argparse.Namespace(**dict(rlist_arguments.__dict__, json=True)),
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
+    )
+
+    json_listing = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        json_command, extra_environment=borg_environment, borg_local_path=local_path
+    )
 
     if rlist_arguments.json:
-        return execute_command_and_capture_output(
-            main_command, extra_environment=borg_environment, borg_local_path=local_path
-        )
-    else:
-        execute_command(
-            main_command,
-            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
-            borg_local_path=local_path,
-            extra_environment=borg_environment,
-        )
+        return json_listing
+
+    flags.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(json_command, json_listing)
+
+    execute_command(
+        main_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+        borg_local_path=local_path,
+        extra_environment=borg_environment,
+    )

borgmatic/commands/arguments.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ ACTION_ALIASES = {
     'info': ['-i'],
     'transfer': [],
     'break-lock': [],
+    'key': [],
     'borg': [],
 }
 
@@ -258,28 +259,28 @@ def make_parsers():
         type=int,
         choices=range(-2, 3),
         default=0,
-        help='Display verbose progress to the console (disabled, errors only, default, some, or lots: -2, -1, 0, 1, or 2)',
+        help='Display verbose progress to the console: -2 (disabled), -1 (errors only), 0 (responses to actions, the default), 1 (info about steps borgmatic is taking), or 2 (debug)',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--syslog-verbosity',
         type=int,
         choices=range(-2, 3),
-        default=0,
-        help='Log verbose progress to syslog (disabled, errors only, default, some, or lots: -2, -1, 0, 1, or 2). Ignored when console is interactive or --log-file is given',
+        default=-2,
+        help='Log verbose progress to syslog: -2 (disabled, the default), -1 (errors only), 0 (responses to actions), 1 (info about steps borgmatic is taking), or 2 (debug)',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--log-file-verbosity',
         type=int,
         choices=range(-2, 3),
-        default=0,
-        help='Log verbose progress to log file (disabled, errors only, default, some, or lots: -2, -1, 0, 1, or 2). Only used when --log-file is given',
+        default=1,
+        help='When --log-file is given, log verbose progress to file: -2 (disabled), -1 (errors only), 0 (responses to actions), 1 (info about steps borgmatic is taking, the default), or 2 (debug)',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--monitoring-verbosity',
         type=int,
         choices=range(-2, 3),
-        default=0,
-        help='Log verbose progress to monitoring integrations that support logging (from disabled, errors only, default, some, or lots: -2, -1, 0, 1, or 2)',
+        default=1,
+        help='When a monitoring integration supporting logging is configured, log verbose progress to it: -2 (disabled), -1 (errors only), responses to actions (0), 1 (info about steps borgmatic is taking, the default), or 2 (debug)',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--log-file',
@@ -331,9 +332,8 @@ def make_parsers():
 
     global_plus_action_parser = ArgumentParser(
         description='''
-            Simple, configuration-driven backup software for servers and workstations. If none of
-            the action options are given, then borgmatic defaults to: create, prune, compact, and
-            check.
+            Simple, configuration-driven backup software for servers and workstations. If no actions
+            are given, then borgmatic defaults to: create, prune, compact, and check.
             ''',
         parents=[global_parser],
     )
@@ -906,8 +906,8 @@ def make_parsers():
     restore_parser = action_parsers.add_parser(
         'restore',
         aliases=ACTION_ALIASES['restore'],
-        help='Restore database dumps from a named archive',
-        description='Restore database dumps from a named archive. (To extract files instead, use "borgmatic extract".)',
+        help='Restore data source (e.g. database) dumps from a named archive',
+        description='Restore data source (e.g. database) dumps from a named archive. (To extract files instead, use "borgmatic extract".)',
         add_help=False,
     )
     restore_group = restore_parser.add_argument_group('restore arguments')
@@ -919,18 +919,19 @@ def make_parsers():
         '--archive', help='Name of archive to restore from (or "latest")', required=True
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
+        '--data-source',
         '--database',
         metavar='NAME',
-        dest='databases',
+        dest='data_sources',
         action='append',
-        help="Name of database to restore from archive, must be defined in borgmatic's configuration, can specify flag multiple times, defaults to all databases",
+        help="Name of data source (e.g. database) to restore from archive, must be defined in borgmatic's configuration, can specify flag multiple times, defaults to all data sources in the archive",
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
         '--schema',
         metavar='NAME',
         dest='schemas',
         action='append',
-        help='Name of schema to restore from the database, can specify flag multiple times, defaults to all schemas. Schemas are only supported for PostgreSQL and MongoDB databases',
+        help='Name of schema to restore from the data source, can specify flag multiple times, defaults to all schemas. Schemas are only supported for PostgreSQL and MongoDB databases',
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
         '--hostname',
@@ -938,7 +939,7 @@ def make_parsers():
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
         '--port',
-        help='Port to restore to. Defaults to the "restore_port" option in borgmatic\'s configuration',
+        help='Database port to restore to. Defaults to the "restore_port" option in borgmatic\'s configuration',
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
         '--username',
@@ -1177,6 +1178,51 @@ def make_parsers():
         '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
     )
 
+    key_parser = action_parsers.add_parser(
+        'key',
+        aliases=ACTION_ALIASES['key'],
+        help='Perform repository key related operations',
+        description='Perform repository key related operations',
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+
+    key_group = key_parser.add_argument_group('key arguments')
+    key_group.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit')
+
+    key_parsers = key_parser.add_subparsers(
+        title='key sub-actions',
+    )
+
+    key_export_parser = key_parsers.add_parser(
+        'export',
+        help='Export a copy of the repository key for safekeeping in case the original goes missing or gets damaged',
+        description='Export a copy of the repository key for safekeeping in case the original goes missing or gets damaged',
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+    key_export_group = key_export_parser.add_argument_group('key export arguments')
+    key_export_group.add_argument(
+        '--paper',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Export the key in a text format suitable for printing and later manual entry',
+    )
+    key_export_group.add_argument(
+        '--qr-html',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Export the key in an HTML format suitable for printing and later manual entry or QR code scanning',
+    )
+    key_export_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of repository to export the key for, defaults to the configured repository if there is only one',
+    )
+    key_export_group.add_argument(
+        '--path',
+        metavar='PATH',
+        help='Path to export the key to, defaults to stdout (but be careful about dirtying the output with --verbosity)',
+    )
+    key_export_group.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
+    )
+
     borg_parser = action_parsers.add_parser(
         'borg',
         aliases=ACTION_ALIASES['borg'],
@@ -1282,4 +1328,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
             'With the info action, only one of --archive, --prefix, or --match-archives flags can be used.'
         )
 
+    if 'borg' in arguments and arguments['global'].dry_run:
+        raise ValueError('With the borg action, --dry-run is not supported.')
+
     return arguments

borgmatic/commands/borgmatic.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import borgmatic.actions.config.bootstrap
 import borgmatic.actions.config.generate
 import borgmatic.actions.config.validate
 import borgmatic.actions.create
+import borgmatic.actions.export_key
 import borgmatic.actions.export_tar
 import borgmatic.actions.extract
 import borgmatic.actions.info
@@ -448,6 +449,16 @@ def run_actions(
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
+        elif action_name == 'export':
+            borgmatic.actions.export_key.run_export_key(
+                repository,
+                config,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
         elif action_name == 'borg':
             borgmatic.actions.borg.run_borg(
                 repository,
@@ -544,9 +555,6 @@ def log_record(suppress_log=False, **kwargs):
     return record
 
 
-MAX_CAPTURED_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 1000
-
-
 def log_error_records(
     message, error=None, levelno=logging.CRITICAL, log_command_error_output=False
 ):
@@ -568,20 +576,24 @@ def log_error_records(
         raise error
     except CalledProcessError as error:
         yield log_record(levelno=levelno, levelname=level_name, msg=message)
+
         if error.output:
             try:
                 output = error.output.decode('utf-8')
             except (UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
                 output = error.output
 
-            # Suppress these logs for now and save full error output for the log summary at the end.
-            yield log_record(
-                levelno=levelno,
-                levelname=level_name,
-                msg=output[:MAX_CAPTURED_OUTPUT_LENGTH]
-                + ' ...' * (len(output) > MAX_CAPTURED_OUTPUT_LENGTH),
-                suppress_log=True,
-            )
+            # Suppress these logs for now and save the error output for the log summary at the end.
+            # Log a separate record per line, as some errors can be really verbose and overflow the
+            # per-record size limits imposed by some logging backends.
+            for output_line in output.splitlines():
+                yield log_record(
+                    levelno=levelno,
+                    levelname=level_name,
+                    msg=output_line,
+                    suppress_log=True,
+                )
+
         yield log_record(levelno=levelno, levelname=level_name, msg=error)
     except (ValueError, OSError) as error:
         yield log_record(levelno=levelno, levelname=level_name, msg=message)

borgmatic/config/load.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import functools
+import itertools
 import json
 import logging
+import operator
 import os
 
 import ruamel.yaml
@@ -8,34 +10,67 @@ import ruamel.yaml
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+def probe_and_include_file(filename, include_directories):
+    '''
+    Given a filename to include and a list of include directories to search for matching files,
+    probe for the file, load it, and return the loaded configuration as a data structure of nested
+    dicts, lists, etc.
+
+    Raise FileNotFoundError if the included file was not found.
+    '''
+    expanded_filename = os.path.expanduser(filename)
+
+    if os.path.isabs(expanded_filename):
+        return load_configuration(expanded_filename)
+
+    candidate_filenames = {
+        os.path.join(directory, expanded_filename) for directory in include_directories
+    }
+
+    for candidate_filename in candidate_filenames:
+        if os.path.exists(candidate_filename):
+            return load_configuration(candidate_filename)
+
+    raise FileNotFoundError(
+        f'Could not find include {filename} at {" or ".join(candidate_filenames)}'
+    )
+
+
 def include_configuration(loader, filename_node, include_directory):
     '''
-    Given a ruamel.yaml.loader.Loader, a ruamel.yaml.serializer.ScalarNode containing the included
-    filename, and an include directory path to search for matching files, load the given YAML
-    filename (ignoring the given loader so we can use our own) and return its contents as a data
-    structure of nested dicts and lists. If the filename is relative, probe for it within 1. the
-    current working directory and 2. the given include directory.
+    Given a ruamel.yaml.loader.Loader, a ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode containing the included
+    filename (or a list containing multiple such filenames), and an include directory path to search
+    for matching files, load the given YAML filenames (ignoring the given loader so we can use our
+    own) and return their contents as data structure of nested dicts, lists, etc. If the given
+    filename node's value is a scalar string, then the return value will be a single value. But if
+    the given node value is a list, then the return value will be a list of values, one per loaded
+    configuration file.
+
+    If a filename is relative, probe for it within 1. the current working directory and 2. the given
+    include directory.
 
     Raise FileNotFoundError if an included file was not found.
     '''
     include_directories = [os.getcwd(), os.path.abspath(include_directory)]
-    include_filename = os.path.expanduser(filename_node.value)
 
-    if not os.path.isabs(include_filename):
-        candidate_filenames = [
-            os.path.join(directory, include_filename) for directory in include_directories
+    if isinstance(filename_node.value, str):
+        return probe_and_include_file(filename_node.value, include_directories)
+
+    if (
+        isinstance(filename_node.value, list)
+        and len(filename_node.value)
+        and isinstance(filename_node.value[0], ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode)
+    ):
+        # Reversing the values ensures the correct ordering if these includes are subsequently
+        # merged together.
+        return [
+            probe_and_include_file(node.value, include_directories)
+            for node in reversed(filename_node.value)
         ]
 
-        for candidate_filename in candidate_filenames:
-            if os.path.exists(candidate_filename):
-                include_filename = candidate_filename
-                break
-        else:
-            raise FileNotFoundError(
-                f'Could not find include {filename_node.value} at {" or ".join(candidate_filenames)}'
-            )
-
-    return load_configuration(include_filename)
+    raise ValueError(
+        '!include value is not supported; use a single filename or a list of filenames'
+    )
 
 
 def raise_retain_node_error(loader, node):
@@ -53,7 +88,7 @@ def raise_retain_node_error(loader, node):
             'The !retain tag may only be used within a configuration file containing a merged !include tag.'
         )
 
-    raise ValueError('The !retain tag may only be used on a YAML mapping or sequence.')
+    raise ValueError('The !retain tag may only be used on a mapping or list.')
 
 
 def raise_omit_node_error(loader, node):
@@ -65,14 +100,14 @@ def raise_omit_node_error(loader, node):
     tags are handled by deep_merge_nodes() below.
     '''
     raise ValueError(
-        'The !omit tag may only be used on a scalar (e.g., string) list element within a configuration file containing a merged !include tag.'
+        'The !omit tag may only be used on a scalar (e.g., string) or list element within a configuration file containing a merged !include tag.'
     )
 
 
 class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
     '''
     A YAML "constructor" (a ruamel.yaml concept) that supports a custom "!include" tag for including
-    separate YAML configuration files. Example syntax: `retention: !include common.yaml`
+    separate YAML configuration files. Example syntax: `option: !include common.yaml`
     '''
 
     def __init__(self, preserve_quotes=None, loader=None, include_directory=None):
@@ -81,6 +116,9 @@ class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
             '!include',
             functools.partial(include_configuration, include_directory=include_directory),
         )
+
+        # These are catch-all error handlers for tags that don't get applied and removed by
+        # deep_merge_nodes() below.
         self.add_constructor('!retain', raise_retain_node_error)
         self.add_constructor('!omit', raise_omit_node_error)
 
@@ -90,8 +128,8 @@ class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
         using the YAML '<<' merge key. Example syntax:
 
         ```
-        retention:
-            keep_daily: 1
+        option:
+            sub_option: 1
 
         <<: !include common.yaml
         ```
@@ -104,9 +142,15 @@ class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
 
         for index, (key_node, value_node) in enumerate(node.value):
             if key_node.tag == u'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge' and value_node.tag == '!include':
-                included_value = representer.represent_data(self.construct_object(value_node))
-                node.value[index] = (key_node, included_value)
+                # Replace the merge include with a sequence of included configuration nodes ready
+                # for merging. The construct_object() call here triggers include_configuration()
+                # among other constructors.
+                node.value[index] = (
+                    key_node,
+                    representer.represent_data(self.construct_object(value_node)),
+                )
 
+        # This super().flatten_mapping() call actually performs "<<" merges.
         super(Include_constructor, self).flatten_mapping(node)
 
         node.value = deep_merge_nodes(node.value)
@@ -138,7 +182,12 @@ def load_configuration(filename):
         file_contents = file.read()
         config = yaml.load(file_contents)
 
-        if config and 'constants' in config:
+        try:
+            has_constants = bool(config and 'constants' in config)
+        except TypeError:
+            has_constants = False
+
+        if has_constants:
             for key, value in config['constants'].items():
                 value = json.dumps(value)
                 file_contents = file_contents.replace(f'{{{key}}}', value.strip('"'))
@@ -149,53 +198,92 @@ def load_configuration(filename):
         return config
 
 
-def filter_omitted_nodes(nodes):
+def filter_omitted_nodes(nodes, values):
     '''
-    Given a list of nodes, return a filtered list omitting any nodes with an "!omit" tag or with a
-    value matching such nodes.
+    Given a nested borgmatic configuration data structure as a list of tuples in the form of:
+
+    [
+        (
+            ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode as a key,
+            ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode or other Node as a value,
+        ),
+        ...
+    ]
+
+    ... and a combined list of all values for those nodes, return a filtered list of the values,
+    omitting any that have an "!omit" tag (or with a value matching such nodes).
+
+    But if only a single node is given, bail and return the given values unfiltered, as "!omit" only
+    applies when there are merge includes (and therefore multiple nodes).
     '''
-    omitted_values = tuple(node.value for node in nodes if node.tag == '!omit')
+    if len(nodes) <= 1:
+        return values
 
-    return [node for node in nodes if node.value not in omitted_values]
+    omitted_values = tuple(node.value for node in values if node.tag == '!omit')
+
+    return [node for node in values if node.value not in omitted_values]
 
 
-DELETED_NODE = object()
+def merge_values(nodes):
+    '''
+    Given a nested borgmatic configuration data structure as a list of tuples in the form of:
+
+    [
+        (
+            ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode as a key,
+            ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode or other Node as a value,
+        ),
+        ...
+    ]
+
+    ... merge its sequence or mapping node values and return the result. For sequence nodes, this
+    means appending together its contained lists. For mapping nodes, it means merging its contained
+    dicts.
+    '''
+    return functools.reduce(operator.add, (value.value for key, value in nodes))
 
 
 def deep_merge_nodes(nodes):
     '''
     Given a nested borgmatic configuration data structure as a list of tuples in the form of:
 
+    [
         (
             ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode as a key,
             ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode or other Node as a value,
         ),
+        ...
+    ]
 
-    ... deep merge any node values corresponding to duplicate keys and return the result. If
-    there are colliding keys with non-MappingNode values (e.g., integers or strings), the last
-    of the values wins.
+    ... deep merge any node values corresponding to duplicate keys and return the result. The
+    purpose of merging like this is to support, for instance, merging one borgmatic configuration
+    file into another for reuse, such that a configuration option with sub-options does not
+    completely replace the corresponding option in a merged file.
+
+    If there are colliding keys with scalar values (e.g., integers or strings), the last of the
+    values wins.
 
     For instance, given node values of:
 
         [
             (
-                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='retention'),
+                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
                 MappingNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map', value=[
                     (
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_hourly'),
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='24')
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='sub_option1'),
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='1')
                     ),
                     (
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_daily'),
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='7')
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='sub_option2'),
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='2')
                     ),
                 ]),
             ),
             (
-                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='retention'),
+                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
                 MappingNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map', value=[
                     (
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_daily'),
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='sub_option2'),
                         ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='5')
                     ),
                 ]),
@@ -206,88 +294,95 @@ def deep_merge_nodes(nodes):
 
         [
             (
-                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='retention'),
+                ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
                 MappingNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map', value=[
                     (
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_hourly'),
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='24')
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='sub_option1'),
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='1')
                     ),
                     (
-                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_daily'),
+                        ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='sub_option2'),
                         ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='5')
                     ),
                 ]),
             ),
         ]
 
+    This function supports multi-way merging, meaning that if the same option name exists three or
+    more times (at the same scope level), all of those instances get merged together.
+
     If a mapping or sequence node has a YAML "!retain" tag, then that node is not merged.
 
-    The purpose of deep merging like this is to support, for instance, merging one borgmatic
-    configuration file into another for reuse, such that a configuration option with sub-options
-    does not completely replace the corresponding option in a merged file.
-
-    Raise ValueError if a merge is implied using two incompatible types.
+    Raise ValueError if a merge is implied using multiple incompatible types.
     '''
-    # Map from original node key/value to the replacement merged node. DELETED_NODE as a replacement
-    # node indications deletion.
-    replaced_nodes = {}
+    merged_nodes = []
 
-    # To find nodes that require merging, compare each node with each other node.
-    for a_key, a_value in nodes:
-        for b_key, b_value in nodes:
-            # If we've already considered one of the nodes for merging, skip it.
-            if (a_key, a_value) in replaced_nodes or (b_key, b_value) in replaced_nodes:
-                continue
+    def get_node_key_name(node):
+        return node[0].value
 
-            # If the keys match and the values are different, we need to merge these two A and B nodes.
-            if a_key.tag == b_key.tag and a_key.value == b_key.value and a_value != b_value:
-                if not type(a_value) is type(b_value):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f'Incompatible types found when trying to merge "{a_key.value}:" values across configuration files: {type(a_value).id} and {type(b_value).id}'
+    # Bucket the nodes by their keys. Then merge all of the values sharing the same key.
+    for key_name, grouped_nodes in itertools.groupby(
+        sorted(nodes, key=get_node_key_name), get_node_key_name
+    ):
+        grouped_nodes = list(grouped_nodes)
+
+        # The merged node inherits its attributes from the final node in the group.
+        (last_node_key, last_node_value) = grouped_nodes[-1]
+        value_types = set(type(value) for (_, value) in grouped_nodes)
+
+        if len(value_types) > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Incompatible types found when trying to merge "{key_name}:" values across configuration files: {", ".join(value_type.id for value_type in value_types)}'
+            )
+
+        # If we're dealing with MappingNodes, recurse and merge its values as well.
+        if ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode in value_types:
+            # A "!retain" tag says to skip deep merging for this node. Replace the tag so
+            # downstream schema validation doesn't break on our application-specific tag.
+            if last_node_value.tag == '!retain' and len(grouped_nodes) > 1:
+                last_node_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
+                merged_nodes.append((last_node_key, last_node_value))
+            else:
+                merged_nodes.append(
+                    (
+                        last_node_key,
+                        ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
+                            tag=last_node_value.tag,
+                            value=deep_merge_nodes(merge_values(grouped_nodes)),
+                            start_mark=last_node_value.start_mark,
+                            end_mark=last_node_value.end_mark,
+                            flow_style=last_node_value.flow_style,
+                            comment=last_node_value.comment,
+                            anchor=last_node_value.anchor,
+                        ),
                     )
+                )
 
-                # Since we're merging into the B node, consider the A node a duplicate and remove it.
-                replaced_nodes[(a_key, a_value)] = DELETED_NODE
+            continue
 
-                # If we're dealing with MappingNodes, recurse and merge its values as well.
-                if isinstance(b_value, ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode):
-                    # A "!retain" tag says to skip deep merging for this node. Replace the tag so
-                    # downstream schema validation doesn't break on our application-specific tag.
-                    if b_value.tag == '!retain':
-                        b_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
-                    else:
-                        replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
-                            b_key,
-                            ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
-                                tag=b_value.tag,
-                                value=deep_merge_nodes(a_value.value + b_value.value),
-                                start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
-                                end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
-                                flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
-                                comment=b_value.comment,
-                                anchor=b_value.anchor,
-                            ),
-                        )
-                # If we're dealing with SequenceNodes, merge by appending one sequence to the other.
-                elif isinstance(b_value, ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode):
-                    # A "!retain" tag says to skip deep merging for this node. Replace the tag so
-                    # downstream schema validation doesn't break on our application-specific tag.
-                    if b_value.tag == '!retain':
-                        b_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq'
-                    else:
-                        replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
-                            b_key,
-                            ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
-                                tag=b_value.tag,
-                                value=filter_omitted_nodes(a_value.value + b_value.value),
-                                start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
-                                end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
-                                flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
-                                comment=b_value.comment,
-                                anchor=b_value.anchor,
-                            ),
-                        )
+        # If we're dealing with SequenceNodes, merge by appending sequences together.
+        if ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode in value_types:
+            if last_node_value.tag == '!retain' and len(grouped_nodes) > 1:
+                last_node_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq'
+                merged_nodes.append((last_node_key, last_node_value))
+            else:
+                merged_nodes.append(
+                    (
+                        last_node_key,
+                        ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
+                            tag=last_node_value.tag,
+                            value=filter_omitted_nodes(grouped_nodes, merge_values(grouped_nodes)),
+                            start_mark=last_node_value.start_mark,
+                            end_mark=last_node_value.end_mark,
+                            flow_style=last_node_value.flow_style,
+                            comment=last_node_value.comment,
+                            anchor=last_node_value.anchor,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
 
-    return [
-        replaced_nodes.get(node, node) for node in nodes if replaced_nodes.get(node) != DELETED_NODE
-    ]
+            continue
+
+        merged_nodes.append((last_node_key, last_node_value))
+
+    return merged_nodes

borgmatic/config/normalize.py

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ def normalize_sections(config_filename, config):
 
     Raise ValueError if the "prefix" option is set in both "location" and "consistency" sections.
     '''
-    location = config.get('location') or {}
+    try:
+        location = config.get('location') or {}
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise ValueError('Configuration does not contain any options')
+
     storage = config.get('storage') or {}
     consistency = config.get('consistency') or {}
     hooks = config.get('hooks') or {}
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ def normalize_sections(config_filename, config):
     for section_name in ('location', 'storage', 'retention', 'consistency', 'output', 'hooks'):
         section_config = config.get(section_name)
 
-        if section_config:
+        if section_config is not None:
             any_section_upgraded = True
             del config[section_name]
             config.update(section_config)
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ def normalize_sections(config_filename, config):
                 dict(
                     levelno=logging.WARNING,
                     levelname='WARNING',
-                    msg=f'{config_filename}: Configuration sections (like location: and storage:) are deprecated and support will be removed from a future release. To prepare for this, move your options out of sections to the global scope.',
+                    msg=f'{config_filename}: Configuration sections (like location:, storage:, retention:, consistency:, and hooks:) are deprecated and support will be removed from a future release. To prepare for this, move your options out of sections to the global scope.',
                 )
             )
         ]
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ def normalize(config_filename, config):
                 dict(
                     levelno=logging.WARNING,
                     levelname='WARNING',
-                    msg=f'{config_filename}: The healthchecks hook now expects a mapping value. String values for this option are deprecated and support will be removed from a future release.',
+                    msg=f'{config_filename}: The healthchecks hook now expects a key/value pair with "ping_url" as a key. String values for this option are deprecated and support will be removed from a future release.',
                 )
             )
         )

borgmatic/config/schema.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ properties:
         type: object
         description: |
             Constants to use in the configuration file. All occurrences of the
-            constant name within culy braces will be replaced with the value.
+            constant name within curly braces will be replaced with the value.
             For example, if you have a constant named "hostname" with the value
             "myhostname", then the string "{hostname}" will be replaced with
             "myhostname" in the configuration file.
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ properties:
         items:
             type: string
         description: |
-            List of source directories and files to backup. Globs and tildes are
-            expanded. Do not backslash spaces in path names.
+            List of source directories and files to back up. Globs and tildes
+            are expanded. Do not backslash spaces in path names.
         example:
             - /home
             - /etc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ properties:
     repositories:
         type: array
         items:
-            type: object 
+            type: object
             required:
                 - path
             properties:
@@ -210,6 +210,13 @@ properties:
             "borgmatic restore" from finding any database dumps created before
             the change. Defaults to ~/.borgmatic
         example: /tmp/borgmatic
+    store_config_files:
+        type: boolean
+        description: |
+            Store configuration files used to create a backup in the backup
+            itself. Defaults to true. Changing this to false prevents "borgmatic
+            bootstrap" from extracting configuration files from the backup.
+        example: true
     source_directories_must_exist:
         type: boolean
         description: |
@@ -253,7 +260,7 @@ properties:
     chunker_params:
         type: string
         description: |
-            Specify the parameters passed to then chunker (CHUNK_MIN_EXP,
+            Specify the parameters passed to the chunker (CHUNK_MIN_EXP,
             CHUNK_MAX_EXP, HASH_MASK_BITS, HASH_WINDOW_SIZE). See
             https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/internals.html for
             details. Defaults to "19,23,21,4095".
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ properties:
         type: string
         description: |
             Command to use instead of "ssh". This can be used to specify ssh
-            options.  Defaults to not set.
+            options. Defaults to not set.
         example: ssh -i /path/to/private/key
     borg_base_directory:
         type: string
@@ -365,19 +372,19 @@ properties:
         type: boolean
         description: |
             Bypass Borg error about a repository that has been moved. Defaults
-            to false.
+            to not bypassing.
         example: true
     unknown_unencrypted_repo_access_is_ok:
         type: boolean
         description: |
             Bypass Borg error about a previously unknown unencrypted repository.
-            Defaults to false.
+            Defaults to not bypassing.
         example: true
     check_i_know_what_i_am_doing:
         type: boolean
         description: |
-            Bypass Borg confirmation about check with repair option.
-            Defaults to false.
+            Bypass Borg confirmation about check with repair option. Defaults to
+            an interactive prompt from Borg.
         example: true
     extra_borg_options:
         type: object
@@ -834,10 +841,121 @@ properties:
         description: |
             List of one or more PostgreSQL databases to dump before creating a
             backup, run once per configuration file. The database dumps are
-            added to your source directories at runtime, backed up, and removed
-            afterwards. Requires pg_dump/pg_dumpall/pg_restore commands. See
+            added to your source directories at runtime and streamed directly
+            to Borg. Requires pg_dump/pg_dumpall/pg_restore commands. See
             https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html and
-            https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html for details.
+            https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html for
+            details.
+    mariadb_databases:
+        type: array
+        items:
+            type: object
+            required: ['name']
+            additionalProperties: false
+            properties:
+                name:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Database name (required if using this hook). Or "all" to
+                        dump all databases on the host. Note that using this
+                        database hook implicitly enables both read_special and
+                        one_file_system (see above) to support dump and restore
+                        streaming.
+                    example: users
+                hostname:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Database hostname to connect to. Defaults to connecting
+                        via local Unix socket.
+                    example: database.example.org
+                restore_hostname:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Database hostname to restore to. Defaults to the
+                        "hostname" option.
+                    example: database.example.org
+                port:
+                    type: integer
+                    description: Port to connect to. Defaults to 3306.
+                    example: 3307
+                restore_port:
+                    type: integer
+                    description: |
+                        Port to restore to. Defaults to the "port" option.
+                    example: 5433
+                username:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Username with which to connect to the database. Defaults
+                        to the username of the current user.
+                    example: dbuser
+                restore_username:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Username with which to restore the database. Defaults to
+                        the "username" option.
+                    example: dbuser
+                password:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Password with which to connect to the database. Omitting
+                        a password will only work if MariaDB is configured to
+                        trust the configured username without a password.
+                    example: trustsome1
+                restore_password:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Password with which to connect to the restore database.
+                        Defaults to the "password" option.
+                    example: trustsome1
+                format:
+                    type: string
+                    enum: ['sql']
+                    description: |
+                        Database dump output format. Currently only "sql" is
+                        supported. Defaults to "sql" for a single database. Or,
+                        when database name is "all" and format is blank, dumps
+                        all databases to a single file. But if a format is
+                        specified with an "all" database name, dumps each
+                        database to a separate file of that format, allowing
+                        more convenient restores of individual databases.
+                    example: directory
+                add_drop_database:
+                    type: boolean
+                    description: |
+                        Use the "--add-drop-database" flag with mariadb-dump,
+                        causing the database to be dropped right before restore.
+                        Defaults to true.
+                    example: false
+                options:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Additional mariadb-dump options to pass directly to the
+                        dump command, without performing any validation on them.
+                        See mariadb-dump documentation for details.
+                    example: --skip-comments
+                list_options:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Additional options to pass directly to the mariadb
+                        command that lists available databases, without
+                        performing any validation on them. See mariadb command
+                        documentation for details.
+                    example: --defaults-extra-file=mariadb.cnf
+                restore_options:
+                    type: string
+                    description: |
+                        Additional options to pass directly to the mariadb
+                        command that restores database dumps, without
+                        performing any validation on them. See mariadb command
+                        documentation for details.
+                    example: --defaults-extra-file=mariadb.cnf
+        description: |
+            List of one or more MariaDB databases to dump before creating a
+            backup, run once per configuration file. The database dumps are
+            added to your source directories at runtime and streamed directly
+            to Borg. Requires mariadb-dump/mariadb commands. See
+            https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mysqldump/ for details.
     mysql_databases:
         type: array
         items:
@@ -886,7 +1004,7 @@ properties:
                     description: |
                         Username with which to restore the database. Defaults to
                         the "username" option.
-                    example: dbuser                        
+                    example: dbuser
                 password:
                     type: string
                     description: |
@@ -899,7 +1017,7 @@ properties:
                     description: |
                         Password with which to connect to the restore database.
                         Defaults to the "password" option.
-                    example: trustsome1                        
+                    example: trustsome1
                 format:
                     type: string
                     enum: ['sql']
@@ -929,26 +1047,26 @@ properties:
                 list_options:
                     type: string
                     description: |
-                        Additional mysql options to pass directly to the mysql
+                        Additional options to pass directly to the mysql
                         command that lists available databases, without
-                        performing any validation on them. See mysql
+                        performing any validation on them. See mysql command
                         documentation for details.
                     example: --defaults-extra-file=my.cnf
                 restore_options:
                     type: string
                     description: |
-                        Additional mysql options to pass directly to the mysql
-                        command that restores database dumps, without performing
-                        any validation on them. See mysql documentation for
-                        details.
+                        Additional options to pass directly to the mysql
+                        command that restores database dumps, without
+                        performing any validation on them. See mysql command
+                        documentation for details.
                     example: --defaults-extra-file=my.cnf
         description: |
-            List of one or more MySQL/MariaDB databases to dump before creating
-            a backup, run once per configuration file. The database dumps are
-            added to your source directories at runtime, backed up, and removed
-            afterwards. Requires mysqldump/mysql commands (from either MySQL or
-            MariaDB). See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html
-            or https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mysqldump/ for details.
+            List of one or more MySQL databases to dump before creating a
+            backup, run once per configuration file. The database dumps are
+            added to your source directories at runtime and streamed directly
+            to Borg. Requires mysqldump/mysql commands. See
+            https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html for
+            details.
     sqlite_databases:
         type: array
         items:
@@ -1014,7 +1132,7 @@ properties:
                     type: integer
                     description: |
                         Port to restore to. Defaults to the "port" option.
-                    example: 5433                        
+                    example: 5433
                 username:
                     type: string
                     description: |
@@ -1026,7 +1144,7 @@ properties:
                     description: |
                         Username with which to restore the database. Defaults to
                         the "username" option.
-                    example: dbuser                        
+                    example: dbuser
                 password:
                     type: string
                     description: |
@@ -1073,8 +1191,8 @@ properties:
         description: |
             List of one or more MongoDB databases to dump before creating a
             backup, run once per configuration file. The database dumps are
-            added to your source directories at runtime, backed up, and removed
-            afterwards. Requires mongodump/mongorestore commands. See
+            added to your source directories at runtime and streamed directly
+            to Borg. Requires mongodump/mongorestore commands. See
             https://docs.mongodb.com/database-tools/mongodump/ and
             https://docs.mongodb.com/database-tools/mongorestore/ for details.
     ntfy:
@@ -1188,6 +1306,99 @@ properties:
                 example:
                     - start
                     - finish
+    apprise:
+        type: object
+        required: ['services']
+        additionalProperties: false
+        properties:
+            services:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                    type: object
+                    required:
+                        - url
+                        - label
+                    properties:
+                        url:
+                            type: string
+                            example: "gotify://hostname/token"
+                        label:
+                            type: string
+                            example: gotify
+                description: |
+                    A list of Apprise services to publish to with URLs and
+                    labels. The labels are used for logging. A full list of
+                    services and their configuration can be found at
+                    https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki.
+                example:
+                    - url: "kodi://user@hostname"
+                      label: kodi
+                    - url: "line://Token@User"
+                      label: line
+            start:
+                type: object
+                required: ['body']
+                properties:
+                    title:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message title. If left unspecified, no
+                            title is sent.
+                        example: Ping!
+                    body:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message body.
+                        example: Starting backup process.
+            finish:
+                type: object
+                required: ['body']
+                properties:
+                    title:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message title. If left unspecified, no
+                            title is sent.
+                        example: Ping!
+                    body:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message body.
+                        example: Backups successfully made.
+            fail:
+                type: object
+                required: ['body']
+                properties:
+                    title:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message title. If left unspecified, no
+                            title is sent.
+                        example: Ping!
+                    body:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            Specify the message body.
+                        example: Your backups have failed.
+            states:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                    type: string
+                    enum:
+                        - start
+                        - finish
+                        - fail
+                    uniqueItems: true
+                description: |
+                    List of one or more monitoring states to ping for: "start",
+                    "finish", and/or "fail". Defaults to pinging for failure
+                    only. For each selected state, corresponding configuration
+                    for the message title and body should be given. If any is
+                    left unspecified, a generic message is emitted instead.
+                example:
+                    - start
+                    - finish
+
     healthchecks:
         type: object
         required: ['ping_url']
@@ -1268,7 +1479,7 @@ properties:
                 example: a177cad45bd374409f78906a810a3074
         description: |
             Configuration for a monitoring integration with PagerDuty. Create an
-            account at https://www.pagerduty.com/ if you'd like to use this
+            account at https://www.pagerduty.com if you'd like to use this
             service. See borgmatic monitoring documentation for details.
     cronhub:
         type: object
@@ -1285,3 +1496,33 @@ properties:
             Configuration for a monitoring integration with Crunhub. Create an
             account at https://cronhub.io if you'd like to use this service. See
             borgmatic monitoring documentation for details.
+    loki:
+        type: object
+        required: ['url', 'labels']
+        additionalProperties: false
+        properties:
+            url:
+                type: string
+                description: |
+                    Grafana loki log URL to notify when a backup begins,
+                    ends, or fails.
+                example: "http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push"
+            labels:
+                type: object
+                additionalProperties:
+                    type: string
+                description: |
+                    Allows setting custom labels for the logging stream. At
+                    least one label is required. "__hostname" gets replaced by
+                    the machine hostname automatically. "__config" gets replaced
+                    by just the name of the configuration file. "__config_path"
+                    gets replaced by the full path of the configuration file.
+                example:
+                    app: "borgmatic"
+                    config: "__config"
+                    hostname: "__hostname"
+        description: |
+            Configuration for a monitoring integration with Grafana loki. You
+            can send the logs to a self-hosted instance or create an account at
+            https://grafana.com/auth/sign-up/create-user. See borgmatic
+            monitoring documentation for details.

borgmatic/execute.py

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path):
                 still_running = True
 
             command = process.args.split(' ') if isinstance(process.args, str) else process.args
+
             # If any process errors, then raise accordingly.
             if exit_code_indicates_error(command, exit_code, borg_local_path):
                 # If an error occurs, include its output in the raised exception so that we don't

borgmatic/hooks/apprise.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import logging
+import operator
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def initialize_monitor(
+    ping_url, config, config_filename, monitoring_log_level, dry_run
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    No initialization is necessary for this monitor.
+    '''
+    pass
+
+
+def ping_monitor(hook_config, config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Ping the configured Apprise service URLs. Use the given configuration filename in any log
+    entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually ping anything.
+    '''
+    try:
+        import apprise
+        from apprise import NotifyFormat, NotifyType
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        logger.warning('Unable to import Apprise in monitoring hook')
+        return
+
+    state_to_notify_type = {
+        'start': NotifyType.INFO,
+        'finish': NotifyType.SUCCESS,
+        'fail': NotifyType.FAILURE,
+        'log': NotifyType.INFO,
+    }
+
+    run_states = hook_config.get('states', ['fail'])
+
+    if state.name.lower() not in run_states:
+        return
+
+    state_config = hook_config.get(
+        state.name.lower(),
+        {
+            'title': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+            'body': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+        },
+    )
+
+    if not hook_config.get('services'):
+        logger.info(f'{config_filename}: No Apprise services to ping')
+        return
+
+    dry_run_string = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
+    labels_string = ', '.join(map(operator.itemgetter('label'), hook_config.get('services')))
+    logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Pinging Apprise services: {labels_string}{dry_run_string}')
+
+    apprise_object = apprise.Apprise()
+    apprise_object.add(list(map(operator.itemgetter('url'), hook_config.get('services'))))
+
+    if dry_run:
+        return
+
+    result = apprise_object.notify(
+        title=state_config.get('title', ''),
+        body=state_config.get('body'),
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=state_to_notify_type[state.name.lower()],
+    )
+
+    if result is False:
+        logger.warning(f'{config_filename}: Error sending some Apprise notifications')
+
+
+def destroy_monitor(
+    ping_url_or_uuid, config, config_filename, monitoring_log_level, dry_run
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    No destruction is necessary for this monitor.
+    '''
+    pass

borgmatic/hooks/dispatch.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import logging
 
 from borgmatic.hooks import (
+    apprise,
     cronhub,
     cronitor,
     healthchecks,
+    loki,
+    mariadb,
     mongodb,
     mysql,
     ntfy,
@@ -15,15 +18,18 @@ from borgmatic.hooks import (
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 HOOK_NAME_TO_MODULE = {
+    'apprise': apprise,
     'cronhub': cronhub,
     'cronitor': cronitor,
     'healthchecks': healthchecks,
+    'mariadb_databases': mariadb,
     'mongodb_databases': mongodb,
     'mysql_databases': mysql,
     'ntfy': ntfy,
     'pagerduty': pagerduty,
     'postgresql_databases': postgresql,
     'sqlite_databases': sqlite,
+    'loki': loki,
 }
 
 

borgmatic/hooks/dump.py

@@ -6,34 +6,35 @@ from borgmatic.borg.state import DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES = (
-    'postgresql_databases',
+DATA_SOURCE_HOOK_NAMES = (
+    'mariadb_databases',
     'mysql_databases',
     'mongodb_databases',
+    'postgresql_databases',
     'sqlite_databases',
 )
 
 
-def make_database_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, database_hook_name):
+def make_data_source_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, data_source_hook_name):
     '''
-    Given a borgmatic source directory (or None) and a database hook name, construct a database dump
-    path.
+    Given a borgmatic source directory (or None) and a data source hook name, construct a data
+    source dump path.
     '''
     if not borgmatic_source_directory:
         borgmatic_source_directory = DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
 
-    return os.path.join(borgmatic_source_directory, database_hook_name)
+    return os.path.join(borgmatic_source_directory, data_source_hook_name)
 
 
-def make_database_dump_filename(dump_path, name, hostname=None):
+def make_data_source_dump_filename(dump_path, name, hostname=None):
     '''
-    Based on the given dump directory path, database name, and hostname, return a filename to use
-    for the database dump. The hostname defaults to localhost.
+    Based on the given dump directory path, data source name, and hostname, return a filename to use
+    for the data source dump. The hostname defaults to localhost.
 
-    Raise ValueError if the database name is invalid.
+    Raise ValueError if the data source name is invalid.
     '''
     if os.path.sep in name:
-        raise ValueError(f'Invalid database name {name}')
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid data source name {name}')
 
     return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(dump_path), hostname or 'localhost', name)
 
@@ -53,14 +54,14 @@ def create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_path):
     os.mkfifo(dump_path, mode=0o600)
 
 
-def remove_database_dumps(dump_path, database_type_name, log_prefix, dry_run):
+def remove_data_source_dumps(dump_path, data_source_type_name, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
-    Remove all database dumps in the given dump directory path (including the directory itself). If
-    this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
+    Remove all data source dumps in the given dump directory path (including the directory itself).
+    If this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually removing anything)' if dry_run else ''
 
-    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Removing {database_type_name} database dumps{dry_run_label}')
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Removing {data_source_type_name} data source dumps{dry_run_label}')
 
     expanded_path = os.path.expanduser(dump_path)
 

borgmatic/hooks/loki.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import time
+
+import requests
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import monitor
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+MONITOR_STATE_TO_LOKI = {
+    monitor.State.START: 'Started',
+    monitor.State.FINISH: 'Finished',
+    monitor.State.FAIL: 'Failed',
+}
+
+# Threshold at which logs get flushed to loki
+MAX_BUFFER_LINES = 100
+
+
+class Loki_log_buffer:
+    '''
+    A log buffer that allows to output the logs as loki requests in json. Allows
+    adding labels to the log stream and takes care of communication with loki.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, url, dry_run):
+        self.url = url
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
+        self.root = {'streams': [{'stream': {}, 'values': []}]}
+
+    def add_value(self, value):
+        '''
+        Add a log entry to the stream.
+        '''
+        timestamp = str(time.time_ns())
+        self.root['streams'][0]['values'].append((timestamp, value))
+
+    def add_label(self, label, value):
+        '''
+        Add a label to the logging stream.
+        '''
+        self.root['streams'][0]['stream'][label] = value
+
+    def to_request(self):
+        return json.dumps(self.root)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        '''
+        Gets the number of lines currently in the buffer.
+        '''
+        return len(self.root['streams'][0]['values'])
+
+    def flush(self):
+        if self.dry_run:
+            # Just empty the buffer and skip
+            self.root['streams'][0]['values'] = []
+            logger.info('Skipped uploading logs to loki due to dry run')
+            return
+
+        if len(self) == 0:
+            # Skip as there are not logs to send yet
+            return
+
+        request_body = self.to_request()
+        self.root['streams'][0]['values'] = []
+        request_header = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+
+        try:
+            result = requests.post(self.url, headers=request_header, data=request_body, timeout=5)
+            result.raise_for_status()
+        except requests.RequestException:
+            logger.warning('Failed to upload logs to loki')
+
+
+class Loki_log_handler(logging.Handler):
+    '''
+    A log handler that sends logs to loki.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, url, dry_run):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.buffer = Loki_log_buffer(url, dry_run)
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        '''
+        Add a log record from the logging module to the stream.
+        '''
+        self.raw(record.getMessage())
+
+    def add_label(self, key, value):
+        '''
+        Add a label to the logging stream.
+        '''
+        self.buffer.add_label(key, value)
+
+    def raw(self, msg):
+        '''
+        Add an arbitrary string as a log entry to the stream.
+        '''
+        self.buffer.add_value(msg)
+
+        if len(self.buffer) > MAX_BUFFER_LINES:
+            self.buffer.flush()
+
+    def flush(self):
+        '''
+        Send the logs to loki and empty the buffer.
+        '''
+        self.buffer.flush()
+
+
+def initialize_monitor(hook_config, config, config_filename, monitoring_log_level, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Add a handler to the root logger to regularly send the logs to loki.
+    '''
+    url = hook_config.get('url')
+    loki = Loki_log_handler(url, dry_run)
+
+    for key, value in hook_config.get('labels').items():
+        if value == '__hostname':
+            loki.add_label(key, platform.node())
+        elif value == '__config':
+            loki.add_label(key, os.path.basename(config_filename))
+        elif value == '__config_path':
+            loki.add_label(key, config_filename)
+        else:
+            loki.add_label(key, value)
+
+    logging.getLogger().addHandler(loki)
+
+
+def ping_monitor(hook_config, config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Add an entry to the loki logger with the current state.
+    '''
+    for handler in tuple(logging.getLogger().handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, Loki_log_handler):
+            if state in MONITOR_STATE_TO_LOKI.keys():
+                handler.raw(f'{config_filename}: {MONITOR_STATE_TO_LOKI[state]} backup')
+
+
+def destroy_monitor(hook_config, config, config_filename, monitoring_log_level, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Remove the monitor handler that was added to the root logger.
+    '''
+    logger = logging.getLogger()
+
+    for handler in tuple(logger.handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, Loki_log_handler):
+            handler.flush()
+            logger.removeHandler(handler)

borgmatic/hooks/mariadb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+import copy
+import logging
+import os
+
+from borgmatic.execute import (
+    execute_command,
+    execute_command_and_capture_output,
+    execute_command_with_processes,
+)
+from borgmatic.hooks import dump
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def make_dump_path(config):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Make the dump path from the given configuration dict and the name of this hook.
+    '''
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_path(
+        config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'mariadb_databases'
+    )
+
+
+SYSTEM_DATABASE_NAMES = ('information_schema', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys')
+
+
+def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Given a requested database config, return the corresponding sequence of database names to dump.
+    In the case of "all", query for the names of databases on the configured host and return them,
+    excluding any system databases that will cause problems during restore.
+    '''
+    if database['name'] != 'all':
+        return (database['name'],)
+    if dry_run:
+        return ()
+
+    show_command = (
+        ('mariadb',)
+        + (tuple(database['list_options'].split(' ')) if 'list_options' in database else ())
+        + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+        + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if 'hostname' in database or 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--user', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + ('--skip-column-names', '--batch')
+        + ('--execute', 'show schemas')
+    )
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Querying for "all" MariaDB databases to dump')
+    show_output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        show_command, extra_environment=extra_environment
+    )
+
+    return tuple(
+        show_name
+        for show_name in show_output.strip().splitlines()
+        if show_name not in SYSTEM_DATABASE_NAMES
+    )
+
+
+def execute_dump_command(
+    database, log_prefix, dump_path, database_names, extra_environment, dry_run, dry_run_label
+):
+    '''
+    Kick off a dump for the given MariaDB database (provided as a configuration dict) to a named
+    pipe constructed from the given dump path and database name. Use the given log prefix in any
+    log entries.
+
+    Return a subprocess.Popen instance for the dump process ready to spew to a named pipe. But if
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything and return None.
+    '''
+    database_name = database['name']
+    dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
+        dump_path, database['name'], database.get('hostname')
+    )
+
+    if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
+        logger.warning(
+            f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of MariaDB database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}'
+        )
+        return None
+
+    dump_command = (
+        ('mariadb-dump',)
+        + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
+        + (('--add-drop-database',) if database.get('add_drop_database', True) else ())
+        + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+        + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if 'hostname' in database or 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--user', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + ('--databases',)
+        + database_names
+        + ('--result-file', dump_filename)
+    )
+
+    logger.debug(
+        f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MariaDB database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}{dry_run_label}'
+    )
+    if dry_run:
+        return None
+
+    dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
+
+    return execute_command(
+        dump_command,
+        extra_environment=extra_environment,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    )
+
+
+def dump_data_sources(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Dump the given MariaDB databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
+    dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the given
+    configuration dict to construct the destination path and the given log prefix in any log
+    entries.
+
+    Return a sequence of subprocess.Popen instances for the dump processes ready to spew to a named
+    pipe. But if this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything and return an empty sequence.
+    '''
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
+    processes = []
+
+    logger.info(f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MariaDB databases{dry_run_label}')
+
+    for database in databases:
+        dump_path = make_dump_path(config)
+        extra_environment = {'MYSQL_PWD': database['password']} if 'password' in database else None
+        dump_database_names = database_names_to_dump(
+            database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run
+        )
+
+        if not dump_database_names:
+            if dry_run:
+                continue
+
+            raise ValueError('Cannot find any MariaDB databases to dump.')
+
+        if database['name'] == 'all' and database.get('format'):
+            for dump_name in dump_database_names:
+                renamed_database = copy.copy(database)
+                renamed_database['name'] = dump_name
+                processes.append(
+                    execute_dump_command(
+                        renamed_database,
+                        log_prefix,
+                        dump_path,
+                        (dump_name,),
+                        extra_environment,
+                        dry_run,
+                        dry_run_label,
+                    )
+                )
+        else:
+            processes.append(
+                execute_dump_command(
+                    database,
+                    log_prefix,
+                    dump_path,
+                    dump_database_names,
+                    extra_environment,
+                    dry_run,
+                    dry_run_label,
+                )
+            )
+
+    return [process for process in processes if process]
+
+
+def remove_data_source_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Remove all database dump files for this hook regardless of the given databases. Use the given
+    configuration dict to construct the destination path and the log prefix in any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
+    '''
+    dump.remove_data_source_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'MariaDB', log_prefix, dry_run)
+
+
+def make_data_source_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of configurations dicts, a configuration dict, a prefix to log with, and a
+    database name to match, return the corresponding glob patterns to match the database dump in an
+    archive.
+    '''
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
+
+
+def restore_data_source_dump(
+    hook_config, config, log_prefix, data_source, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
+):
+    '''
+    Restore a database from the given extract stream. The database is supplied as a data source
+    configuration dict, but the given hook configuration is ignored. The given configuration dict is
+    used to construct the destination path, and the given log prefix is used for any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract
+    process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
+    '''
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
+    hostname = connection_params['hostname'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_hostname', data_source.get('hostname')
+    )
+    port = str(
+        connection_params['port'] or data_source.get('restore_port', data_source.get('port', ''))
+    )
+    username = connection_params['username'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_username', data_source.get('username')
+    )
+    password = connection_params['password'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_password', data_source.get('password')
+    )
+
+    restore_command = (
+        ('mariadb', '--batch')
+        + (
+            tuple(data_source['restore_options'].split(' '))
+            if 'restore_options' in data_source
+            else ()
+        )
+        + (('--host', hostname) if hostname else ())
+        + (('--port', str(port)) if port else ())
+        + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if hostname or port else ())
+        + (('--user', username) if username else ())
+    )
+    extra_environment = {'MYSQL_PWD': password} if password else None
+
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MariaDB database {data_source['name']}{dry_run_label}")
+    if dry_run:
+        return
+
+    # Don't give Borg local path so as to error on warnings, as "borg extract" only gives a warning
+    # if the restore paths don't exist in the archive.
+    execute_command_with_processes(
+        restore_command,
+        [extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment=extra_environment,
+    )

borgmatic/hooks/mongodb.py

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ def make_dump_path(config):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Make the dump path from the given configuration dict and the name of this hook.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_path(
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_path(
         config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'mongodb_databases'
     )
 
 
-def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
+def dump_data_sources(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given MongoDB databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
     dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the configuration
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     processes = []
     for database in databases:
         name = database['name']
-        dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
+        dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
             make_dump_path(config), name, database.get('hostname')
         )
         dump_format = database.get('format', 'archive')
@@ -59,81 +59,65 @@ def build_dump_command(database, dump_filename, dump_format):
     Return the mongodump command from a single database configuration.
     '''
     all_databases = database['name'] == 'all'
-    command = ['mongodump']
-    if dump_format == 'directory':
-        command.extend(('--out', dump_filename))
-    if 'hostname' in database:
-        command.extend(('--host', database['hostname']))
-    if 'port' in database:
-        command.extend(('--port', str(database['port'])))
-    if 'username' in database:
-        command.extend(('--username', database['username']))
-    if 'password' in database:
-        command.extend(('--password', database['password']))
-    if 'authentication_database' in database:
-        command.extend(('--authenticationDatabase', database['authentication_database']))
-    if not all_databases:
-        command.extend(('--db', database['name']))
-    if 'options' in database:
-        command.extend(database['options'].split(' '))
-    if dump_format != 'directory':
-        command.extend(('--archive', '>', dump_filename))
-    return command
+
+    return (
+        ('mongodump',)
+        + (('--out', dump_filename) if dump_format == 'directory' else ())
+        + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+        + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + (('--password', database['password']) if 'password' in database else ())
+        + (
+            ('--authenticationDatabase', database['authentication_database'])
+            if 'authentication_database' in database
+            else ()
+        )
+        + (('--db', database['name']) if not all_databases else ())
+        + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
+        + (('--archive', '>', dump_filename) if dump_format != 'directory' else ())
+    )
 
 
-def remove_database_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+def remove_data_source_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Remove all database dump files for this hook regardless of the given databases. Use the log
     prefix in any log entries. Use the given configuration dict to construct the destination path.
     If this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
     '''
-    dump.remove_database_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'MongoDB', log_prefix, dry_run)
+    dump.remove_data_source_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'MongoDB', log_prefix, dry_run)
 
 
-def make_database_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
+def make_data_source_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Given a sequence of database configurations dicts, a configuration dict, a prefix to log with,
     and a database name to match, return the corresponding glob patterns to match the database dump
     in an archive.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
 
 
-def restore_database_dump(
-    databases_config, config, log_prefix, database_name, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
+def restore_data_source_dump(
+    hook_config, config, log_prefix, data_source, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
 ):
     '''
-    Restore the given MongoDB database from an extract stream. The databases are supplied as a
-    sequence containing one dict describing each database (as per the configuration schema), but
-    only the database corresponding to the given database name is restored. Use the configuration
-    dict to construct the destination path and the given log prefix in any log entries. If this is a
-    dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract process (an
-    instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
+    Restore a database from the given extract stream. The database is supplied as a data source
+    configuration dict, but the given hook configuration is ignored. The given configuration dict is
+    used to construct the destination path, and the given log prefix is used for any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract
+    process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
 
     If the extract process is None, then restore the dump from the filesystem rather than from an
     extract stream.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
-
-    try:
-        database = next(
-            database_config
-            for database_config in databases_config
-            if database_config.get('name') == database_name
-        )
-    except StopIteration:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f'A database named "{database_name}" could not be found in the configuration'
-        )
-
-    dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
-        make_dump_path(config), database['name'], database.get('hostname')
+    dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
+        make_dump_path(config), data_source['name'], data_source.get('hostname')
     )
     restore_command = build_restore_command(
-        extract_process, database, dump_filename, connection_params
+        extract_process, data_source, dump_filename, connection_params
     )
 
-    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MongoDB database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MongoDB database {data_source['name']}{dry_run_label}")
     if dry_run:
         return
 
@@ -168,7 +152,7 @@ def build_restore_command(extract_process, database, dump_filename, connection_p
     else:
         command.extend(('--dir', dump_filename))
     if database['name'] != 'all':
-        command.extend(('--drop', '--db', database['name']))
+        command.extend(('--drop',))
     if hostname:
         command.extend(('--host', hostname))
     if port:
@@ -181,7 +165,8 @@ def build_restore_command(extract_process, database, dump_filename, connection_p
         command.extend(('--authenticationDatabase', database['authentication_database']))
     if 'restore_options' in database:
         command.extend(database['restore_options'].split(' '))
-    if database['schemas']:
+    if database.get('schemas'):
         for schema in database['schemas']:
             command.extend(('--nsInclude', schema))
+
     return command

borgmatic/hooks/monitor.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from enum import Enum
 
-MONITOR_HOOK_NAMES = ('healthchecks', 'cronitor', 'cronhub', 'pagerduty', 'ntfy')
+MONITOR_HOOK_NAMES = ('apprise', 'healthchecks', 'cronitor', 'cronhub', 'pagerduty', 'ntfy', 'loki')
 
 
 class State(Enum):

borgmatic/hooks/mysql.py

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ def make_dump_path(config):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Make the dump path from the given configuration dict and the name of this hook.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_path(config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'mysql_databases')
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_path(
+        config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'mysql_databases'
+    )
 
 
 SYSTEM_DATABASE_NAMES = ('information_schema', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys')
@@ -60,16 +62,17 @@ def execute_dump_command(
 ):
     '''
     Kick off a dump for the given MySQL/MariaDB database (provided as a configuration dict) to a
-    named pipe constructed from the given dump path and database names. Use the given log prefix in
+    named pipe constructed from the given dump path and database name. Use the given log prefix in
     any log entries.
 
     Return a subprocess.Popen instance for the dump process ready to spew to a named pipe. But if
     this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything and return None.
     '''
     database_name = database['name']
-    dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
+    dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
         dump_path, database['name'], database.get('hostname')
     )
+
     if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
         logger.warning(
             f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of MySQL database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}'
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ def execute_dump_command(
     )
 
 
-def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
+def dump_data_sources(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given MySQL/MariaDB databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence
     of dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the given
@@ -162,61 +165,55 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     return [process for process in processes if process]
 
 
-def remove_database_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+def remove_data_source_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Remove all database dump files for this hook regardless of the given databases. Use the given
     configuration dict to construct the destination path and the log prefix in any log entries. If
     this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
     '''
-    dump.remove_database_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'MySQL', log_prefix, dry_run)
+    dump.remove_data_source_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'MySQL', log_prefix, dry_run)
 
 
-def make_database_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
+def make_data_source_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Given a sequence of configurations dicts, a configuration dict, a prefix to log with, and a
     database name to match, return the corresponding glob patterns to match the database dump in an
     archive.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
 
 
-def restore_database_dump(
-    databases_config, config, log_prefix, database_name, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
+def restore_data_source_dump(
+    hook_config, config, log_prefix, data_source, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
 ):
     '''
-    Restore the given MySQL/MariaDB database from an extract stream. The databases are supplied as a
-    sequence containing one dict describing each database (as per the configuration schema), but
-    only the database corresponding to the given database name is restored. Use the given log
-    prefix in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger
-    the given active extract process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
+    Restore a database from the given extract stream. The database is supplied as a data source
+    configuration dict, but the given hook configuration is ignored. The given configuration dict is
+    used to construct the destination path, and the given log prefix is used for any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract
+    process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
-
-    try:
-        database = next(
-            database_config
-            for database_config in databases_config
-            if database_config.get('name') == database_name
-        )
-    except StopIteration:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f'A database named "{database_name}" could not be found in the configuration'
-        )
-
-    hostname = connection_params['hostname'] or database.get(
-        'restore_hostname', database.get('hostname')
+    hostname = connection_params['hostname'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_hostname', data_source.get('hostname')
     )
-    port = str(connection_params['port'] or database.get('restore_port', database.get('port', '')))
-    username = connection_params['username'] or database.get(
-        'restore_username', database.get('username')
+    port = str(
+        connection_params['port'] or data_source.get('restore_port', data_source.get('port', ''))
     )
-    password = connection_params['password'] or database.get(
-        'restore_password', database.get('password')
+    username = connection_params['username'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_username', data_source.get('username')
+    )
+    password = connection_params['password'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_password', data_source.get('password')
     )
 
     restore_command = (
         ('mysql', '--batch')
-        + (tuple(database['restore_options'].split(' ')) if 'restore_options' in database else ())
+        + (
+            tuple(data_source['restore_options'].split(' '))
+            if 'restore_options' in data_source
+            else ()
+        )
         + (('--host', hostname) if hostname else ())
         + (('--port', str(port)) if port else ())
         + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if hostname or port else ())
@@ -224,7 +221,7 @@ def restore_database_dump(
     )
     extra_environment = {'MYSQL_PWD': password} if password else None
 
-    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MySQL database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MySQL database {data_source['name']}{dry_run_label}")
     if dry_run:
         return
 

borgmatic/hooks/ntfy.py

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_lev
         state_config = hook_config.get(
             state.name.lower(),
             {
-                'title': f'A Borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
-                'message': f'A Borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+                'title': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+                'message': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
                 'priority': 'default',
                 'tags': 'borgmatic',
             },

borgmatic/hooks/postgresql.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def make_dump_path(config):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Make the dump path from the given configuration dict and the name of this hook.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_path(
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_path(
         config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'postgresql_databases'
     )
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run):
     )
 
 
-def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
+def dump_data_sources(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given PostgreSQL databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
     dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the given
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
             dump_format = database.get('format', None if database_name == 'all' else 'custom')
             default_dump_command = 'pg_dumpall' if database_name == 'all' else 'pg_dump'
             dump_command = database.get('pg_dump_command') or default_dump_command
-            dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
+            dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
                 dump_path, database_name, database.get('hostname')
             )
             if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
@@ -183,34 +183,33 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     return processes
 
 
-def remove_database_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+def remove_data_source_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Remove all database dump files for this hook regardless of the given databases. Use the given
     configuration dict to construct the destination path and the log prefix in any log entries. If
     this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
     '''
-    dump.remove_database_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'PostgreSQL', log_prefix, dry_run)
+    dump.remove_data_source_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'PostgreSQL', log_prefix, dry_run)
 
 
-def make_database_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
+def make_data_source_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Given a sequence of configurations dicts, a configuration dict, a prefix to log with, and a
     database name to match, return the corresponding glob patterns to match the database dump in an
     archive.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name, hostname='*')
 
 
-def restore_database_dump(
-    databases_config, config, log_prefix, database_name, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
+def restore_data_source_dump(
+    hook_config, config, log_prefix, data_source, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
 ):
     '''
-    Restore the given PostgreSQL database from an extract stream. The databases are supplied as a
-    sequence containing one dict describing each database (as per the configuration schema), but
-    only the database corresponding to the given database name is restored. Use the given
-    configuration dict to construct the destination path and the given log prefix in any log
-    entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active
-    extract process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
+    Restore a database from the given extract stream. The database is supplied as a data source
+    configuration dict, but the given hook configuration is ignored. The given configuration dict is
+    used to construct the destination path, and the given log prefix is used for any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract
+    process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
 
     If the extract process is None, then restore the dump from the filesystem rather than from an
     extract stream.
@@ -219,66 +218,66 @@ def restore_database_dump(
     hostname, port, username, and password.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
-
-    try:
-        database = next(
-            database_config
-            for database_config in databases_config
-            if database_config.get('name') == database_name
-        )
-    except StopIteration:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f'A database named "{database_name}" could not be found in the configuration'
-        )
-
-    hostname = connection_params['hostname'] or database.get(
-        'restore_hostname', database.get('hostname')
+    hostname = connection_params['hostname'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_hostname', data_source.get('hostname')
     )
-    port = str(connection_params['port'] or database.get('restore_port', database.get('port', '')))
-    username = connection_params['username'] or database.get(
-        'restore_username', database.get('username')
+    port = str(
+        connection_params['port'] or data_source.get('restore_port', data_source.get('port', ''))
+    )
+    username = connection_params['username'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_username', data_source.get('username')
     )
 
-    all_databases = bool(database['name'] == 'all')
-    dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
-        make_dump_path(config), database['name'], database.get('hostname')
+    all_databases = bool(data_source['name'] == 'all')
+    dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(
+        make_dump_path(config), data_source['name'], data_source.get('hostname')
     )
-    psql_command = shlex.split(database.get('psql_command') or 'psql')
+    psql_command = shlex.split(data_source.get('psql_command') or 'psql')
     analyze_command = (
         tuple(psql_command)
         + ('--no-password', '--no-psqlrc', '--quiet')
         + (('--host', hostname) if hostname else ())
         + (('--port', port) if port else ())
         + (('--username', username) if username else ())
-        + (('--dbname', database['name']) if not all_databases else ())
-        + (tuple(database['analyze_options'].split(' ')) if 'analyze_options' in database else ())
+        + (('--dbname', data_source['name']) if not all_databases else ())
+        + (
+            tuple(data_source['analyze_options'].split(' '))
+            if 'analyze_options' in data_source
+            else ()
+        )
         + ('--command', 'ANALYZE')
     )
-    use_psql_command = all_databases or database.get('format') == 'plain'
-    pg_restore_command = shlex.split(database.get('pg_restore_command') or 'pg_restore')
+    use_psql_command = all_databases or data_source.get('format') == 'plain'
+    pg_restore_command = shlex.split(data_source.get('pg_restore_command') or 'pg_restore')
     restore_command = (
         tuple(psql_command if use_psql_command else pg_restore_command)
         + ('--no-password',)
         + (('--no-psqlrc',) if use_psql_command else ('--if-exists', '--exit-on-error', '--clean'))
-        + (('--dbname', database['name']) if not all_databases else ())
+        + (('--dbname', data_source['name']) if not all_databases else ())
         + (('--host', hostname) if hostname else ())
         + (('--port', port) if port else ())
         + (('--username', username) if username else ())
-        + (('--no-owner',) if database.get('no_owner', False) else ())
-        + (tuple(database['restore_options'].split(' ')) if 'restore_options' in database else ())
+        + (('--no-owner',) if data_source.get('no_owner', False) else ())
+        + (
+            tuple(data_source['restore_options'].split(' '))
+            if 'restore_options' in data_source
+            else ()
+        )
         + (() if extract_process else (dump_filename,))
         + tuple(
-            itertools.chain.from_iterable(('--schema', schema) for schema in database['schemas'])
-            if database.get('schemas')
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(('--schema', schema) for schema in data_source['schemas'])
+            if data_source.get('schemas')
             else ()
         )
     )
 
     extra_environment = make_extra_environment(
-        database, restore_connection_params=connection_params
+        data_source, restore_connection_params=connection_params
     )
 
-    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring PostgreSQL database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
+    logger.debug(
+        f"{log_prefix}: Restoring PostgreSQL database {data_source['name']}{dry_run_label}"
+    )
     if dry_run:
         return
 

borgmatic/hooks/sqlite.py

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ def make_dump_path(config):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Make the dump path from the given configuration dict and the name of this hook.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_path(
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_path(
         config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'sqlite_databases'
     )
 
 
-def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
+def dump_data_sources(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given SQLite3 databases to a file. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
     configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema. Use the given configuration dict to
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
         database_path = database['path']
 
         if database['name'] == 'all':
-            logger.warning('The "all" database name has no meaning for SQLite3 databases')
+            logger.warning('The "all" database name has no meaning for SQLite databases')
         if not os.path.exists(database_path):
             logger.warning(
-                f'{log_prefix}: No SQLite database at {database_path}; An empty database will be created and dumped'
+                f'{log_prefix}: No SQLite database at {database_path}; an empty database will be created and dumped'
             )
 
         dump_path = make_dump_path(config)
-        dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(dump_path, database['name'])
+        dump_filename = dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(dump_path, database['name'])
         if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
             logger.warning(
                 f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of SQLite database at {database_path} to {dump_filename}'
@@ -65,49 +65,37 @@ def dump_databases(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):
     return processes
 
 
-def remove_database_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+def remove_data_source_dumps(databases, config, log_prefix, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Remove the given SQLite3 database dumps from the filesystem. The databases are supplied as a
     sequence of configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema. Use the given configuration
     dict to construct the destination path and the given log prefix in any log entries. If this is a
     dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
     '''
-    dump.remove_database_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'SQLite', log_prefix, dry_run)
+    dump.remove_data_source_dumps(make_dump_path(config), 'SQLite', log_prefix, dry_run)
 
 
-def make_database_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
+def make_data_source_dump_pattern(databases, config, log_prefix, name=None):  # pragma: no cover
     '''
     Make a pattern that matches the given SQLite3 databases. The databases are supplied as a
     sequence of configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema.
     '''
-    return dump.make_database_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name)
+    return dump.make_data_source_dump_filename(make_dump_path(config), name)
 
 
-def restore_database_dump(
-    databases_config, config, log_prefix, database_name, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
+def restore_data_source_dump(
+    hook_config, config, log_prefix, data_source, dry_run, extract_process, connection_params
 ):
     '''
-    Restore the given SQLite3 database from an extract stream. The databases are supplied as a
-    sequence containing one dict describing each database (as per the configuration schema), but
-    only the database corresponding to the given database name is restored. Use the given log prefix
-    in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the
-    given active extract process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
+    Restore a database from the given extract stream. The database is supplied as a data source
+    configuration dict, but the given hook configuration is ignored. The given configuration dict is
+    used to construct the destination path, and the given log prefix is used for any log entries. If
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything. Trigger the given active extract
+    process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce output to consume.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
-
-    try:
-        database = next(
-            database_config
-            for database_config in databases_config
-            if database_config.get('name') == database_name
-        )
-    except StopIteration:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f'A database named "{database_name}" could not be found in the configuration'
-        )
-
-    database_path = connection_params['restore_path'] or database.get(
-        'restore_path', database.get('path')
+    database_path = connection_params['restore_path'] or data_source.get(
+        'restore_path', data_source.get('path')
     )
 
     logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Restoring SQLite database at {database_path}{dry_run_label}')

borgmatic/logger.py

@@ -166,15 +166,15 @@ def configure_logging(
 
     Raise FileNotFoundError or PermissionError if the log file could not be opened for writing.
     '''
+    add_custom_log_levels()
+
     if syslog_log_level is None:
-        syslog_log_level = console_log_level
+        syslog_log_level = logging.DISABLED
     if log_file_log_level is None:
         log_file_log_level = console_log_level
     if monitoring_log_level is None:
         monitoring_log_level = console_log_level
 
-    add_custom_log_levels()
-
     # Log certain log levels to console stderr and others to stdout. This supports use cases like
     # grepping (non-error) output.
     console_disabled = logging.NullHandler()
@@ -194,8 +194,11 @@ def configure_logging(
     console_handler.setFormatter(Console_color_formatter())
     console_handler.setLevel(console_log_level)
 
-    syslog_path = None
-    if log_file is None and syslog_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
+    handlers = [console_handler]
+
+    if syslog_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
+        syslog_path = None
+
         if os.path.exists('/dev/log'):
             syslog_path = '/dev/log'
         elif os.path.exists('/var/run/syslog'):
@@ -203,14 +206,15 @@ def configure_logging(
         elif os.path.exists('/var/run/log'):
             syslog_path = '/var/run/log'
 
-    if syslog_path and not interactive_console():
-        syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
-        syslog_handler.setFormatter(
-            logging.Formatter('borgmatic: {levelname} {message}', style='{')  # noqa: FS003
-        )
-        syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
-        handlers = (console_handler, syslog_handler)
-    elif log_file and log_file_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
+        if syslog_path:
+            syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
+            syslog_handler.setFormatter(
+                logging.Formatter('borgmatic: {levelname} {message}', style='{')  # noqa: FS003
+            )
+            syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
+            handlers.append(syslog_handler)
+
+    if log_file and log_file_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
         file_handler = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler(log_file)
         file_handler.setFormatter(
             logging.Formatter(
@@ -218,11 +222,9 @@ def configure_logging(
             )
         )
         file_handler.setLevel(log_file_log_level)
-        handlers = (console_handler, file_handler)
-    else:
-        handlers = (console_handler,)
+        handlers.append(file_handler)
 
     logging.basicConfig(
-        level=min(console_log_level, syslog_log_level, log_file_log_level, monitoring_log_level),
+        level=min(handler.level for handler in handlers),
         handlers=handlers,
     )

borgmatic/signals.py

@@ -23,12 +23,20 @@ def handle_signal(signal_number, frame):
     if signal_number == signal.SIGTERM:
         logger.critical('Exiting due to TERM signal')
         sys.exit(EXIT_CODE_FROM_SIGNAL + signal.SIGTERM)
+    elif signal_number == signal.SIGINT:
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
 
 
 def configure_signals():
     '''
     Configure borgmatic's signal handlers to pass relevant signals through to any child processes
-    like Borg. Note that SIGINT gets passed through even without these changes.
+    like Borg.
     '''
-    for signal_number in (signal.SIGHUP, signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2):
+    for signal_number in (
+        signal.SIGHUP,
+        signal.SIGINT,
+        signal.SIGTERM,
+        signal.SIGUSR1,
+        signal.SIGUSR2,
+    ):
         signal.signal(signal_number, handle_signal)

docs/SECURITY.md

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ each.
 If you find a security vulnerability, please [file a
 ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) or [send email
 directly](mailto:witten@torsion.org) as appropriate. You should expect to hear
-back within a few days at most, and generally sooner.
+back within a few days at most and generally sooner.

docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ feature](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/)
 instead.
 
 You can specify `before_backup` hooks to perform preparation steps before
-running backups, and specify `after_backup` hooks to perform cleanup steps
+running backups and specify `after_backup` hooks to perform cleanup steps
 afterwards. Here's an example:
 
 ```yaml

docs/how-to/backup-your-databases.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ consistent snapshot that is more suited for backups.
 
 Fortunately, borgmatic includes built-in support for creating database dumps
 prior to running backups. For example, here is everything you need to dump and
-backup a couple of local PostgreSQL databases and a MySQL/MariaDB database.
+backup a couple of local PostgreSQL databases and a MySQL database.
 
 ```yaml
 postgresql_databases:
@@ -46,6 +46,16 @@ sqlite_databases:
       path: /var/lib/sqlite3/mydb.sqlite
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.8.2</span> If you're
+using MariaDB, use the MariaDB database hook instead of `mysql_databases:` as
+the MariaDB hook calls native MariaDB commands instead of the deprecated MySQL
+ones. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+mariadb_databases:
+    - name: comments
+```
+
 As part of each backup, borgmatic streams a database dump for each configured
 database directly to Borg, so it's included in the backup without consuming
 additional disk space. (The exceptions are the PostgreSQL/MongoDB "directory"
@@ -75,16 +85,23 @@ postgresql_databases:
       password: trustsome1
       format: tar
       options: "--role=someone"
+mariadb_databases:
+    - name: photos
+      hostname: database3.example.org
+      port: 3307
+      username: root
+      password: trustsome1
+      options: "--skip-comments"
 mysql_databases:
     - name: posts
-      hostname: database3.example.org
+      hostname: database4.example.org
       port: 3307
       username: root
       password: trustsome1
       options: "--skip-comments"
 mongodb_databases:
     - name: messages
-      hostname: database4.example.org
+      hostname: database5.example.org
       port: 27018
       username: dbuser
       password: trustsome1
@@ -108,6 +125,8 @@ If you want to dump all databases on a host, use `all` for the database name:
 ```yaml
 postgresql_databases:
     - name: all
+mariadb_databases:
+    - name: all
 mysql_databases:
     - name: all
 mongodb_databases:
@@ -123,15 +142,18 @@ The SQLite hook in particular does not consider "all" a special database name.
 these options in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.6</span> With
-PostgreSQL and MySQL, you can optionally dump "all" databases to separate
-files instead of one combined dump file, allowing more convenient restores of
-individual databases. Enable this by specifying your desired database dump
-`format`:
+PostgreSQL, MariaDB, and MySQL, you can optionally dump "all" databases to
+separate files instead of one combined dump file, allowing more convenient
+restores of individual databases. Enable this by specifying your desired
+database dump `format`:
 
 ```yaml
 postgresql_databases:
     - name: all
       format: custom
+mariadb_databases:
+    - name: all
+      format: sql
 mysql_databases:
     - name: all
       format: sql
@@ -222,10 +244,16 @@ to prepare for this situation, it's a good idea to include borgmatic's own
 configuration files as part of your regular backups. That way, you can always
 bring back any missing configuration files in order to restore a database.
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.15</span> borgmatic
+automatically includes configuration files in your backup. See [the
+documentation on the `config bootstrap`
+action](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/#extract-the-configuration-files-used-to-create-an-archive)
+for more information.
+
 
 ## Supported databases
 
-As of now, borgmatic supports PostgreSQL, MySQL/MariaDB, MongoDB, and SQLite
+As of now, borgmatic supports PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MySQL, MongoDB, and SQLite
 databases directly. But see below about general-purpose preparation and
 cleanup hooks as a work-around with other database systems. Also, please [file
 a ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) for additional database
@@ -282,7 +310,8 @@ problem: the `restore` action figures out which repository to use.
 
 But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
 the repository to use via the `--repository` flag. This can be done either
-with the repository's path or its label as configured in your borgmatic configuration file.
+with the repository's path or its label as configured in your borgmatic
+configuration file.
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic restore --repository repo.borg --archive host-2023-...
@@ -338,6 +367,28 @@ within the database dump:
 borgmatic restore --archive latest --database users --schema tentant1
 ```
 
+### Restore to an alternate host
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.15</span>
+A database dump can be restored to a host other than the one from which it was
+originally dumped. The connection parameters like the username, password, and
+port can also be changed. This can be done from the command line:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive latest --database users --hostname database2.example.org --port 5433 --username postgres --password trustsome1
+```
+
+Or from the configuration file:
+
+```yaml
+postgresql_databases:
+    - name: users
+        hostname: database1.example.org
+        restore_hostname: database1.example.org
+        restore_port: 5433
+        restore_username: postgres
+        restore_password: trustsome1
+```
+
 
 ### Limitations
 
@@ -398,9 +449,9 @@ dumps with any database system.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
-### PostgreSQL/MySQL authentication errors
+### Authentication errors
 
-With PostgreSQL and MySQL/MariaDB, if you're getting authentication errors
+With PostgreSQL, MariaDB, and MySQL, if you're getting authentication errors
 when borgmatic tries to connect to your database, a natural reaction is to
 increase your borgmatic verbosity with `--verbosity 2` and go looking in the
 logs. You'll notice though that your database password does not show up in the
@@ -414,23 +465,24 @@ authenticated. For instance, with PostgreSQL, check your
 [pg_hba.conf](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html)
 file for that configuration.
 
-Additionally, MySQL/MariaDB may be picking up some of your credentials from a
-defaults file like `~/.my.cnf`. If that's the case, then it's possible
-MySQL/MariaDB ends up using, say, a username from borgmatic's configuration
-and a password from `~/.my.cnf`. This may result in authentication errors if
-this combination of credentials is not what you intend.
+Additionally, MariaDB or MySQL may be picking up some of your credentials from
+a defaults file like `~/mariadb.cnf` or `~/.my.cnf`. If that's the case, then
+it's possible MariaDB or MySQL end up using, say, a username from borgmatic's
+configuration and a password from `~/mariadb.cnf` or `~/.my.cnf`. This may
+result in authentication errors if this combination of credentials is not what
+you intend.
 
 
-### MySQL table lock errors
+### MariaDB or MySQL table lock errors
 
-If you encounter table lock errors during a database dump with MySQL/MariaDB,
-you may need to [use a
-transaction](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_single-transaction).
+If you encounter table lock errors during a database dump with MariaDB or
+MySQL, you may need to [use a
+transaction](https://mariadb.com/docs/skysql-dbaas/ref/mdb/cli/mariadb-dump/single-transaction/).
 You can add any additional flags to the `options:` in your database
-configuration. Here's an example:
+configuration. Here's an example with MariaDB:
 
 ```yaml
-mysql_databases:
+mariadb_databases:
     - name: posts
       options: "--single-transaction --quick"
 ```

docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups.md

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ check_repositories:
     - path/of/repository_to_check.borg
 ```
 
-Finally, you can override your configuration file's consistency checks, and
+Finally, you can override your configuration file's consistency checks and
 run particular checks via the command-line. For instance:
 
 ```bash

docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 ---
 ## Source code
 
-To get set up to develop on borgmatic, first clone it via HTTPS or SSH:
+To get set up to develop on borgmatic, first [`install
+pipx`](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#installation)
+to make managing your borgmatic environment easy without impacting other
+Python applications on your system.
+
+Then, clone borgmatic via HTTPS or SSH:
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic.git
@@ -19,36 +24,34 @@ Or:
 git clone ssh://git@projects.torsion.org:3022/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic.git
 ```
 
-Then, install borgmatic
-"[editable](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/cli/pip_install/#editable-installs)"
+Finally, install borgmatic
+"[editable](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/local-project-installs/#editable-installs)"
 so that you can run borgmatic actions during development to make sure your
-changes work.
+changes work:
 
 ```bash
 cd borgmatic
-pip3 install --user --editable .
+pipx ensurepath
+pipx install --editable .
 ```
 
-Note that this will typically install the borgmatic commands into
-`~/.local/bin`, which may or may not be on your PATH. There are other ways to
-install borgmatic editable as well, for instance into the system Python
-install (so without `--user`, as root), or even into a
-[virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/). How or where you install
-borgmatic is up to you, but generally an editable install makes development
-and testing easier.
+To get oriented with the borgmatic source code, have a look at the [source
+code reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/source-code/).
 
 
 ## Automated tests
 
-Assuming you've cloned the borgmatic source code as described above, and
-you're in the `borgmatic/` working copy, install tox, which is used for
-setting up testing environments:
+Assuming you've cloned the borgmatic source code as described above and you're
+in the `borgmatic/` working copy, install tox, which is used for setting up
+testing environments. You can either install a system package of tox (likely
+called `tox` or `python-tox`) or you can install tox with pipx:
 
 ```bash
-pip3 install --user tox
+pipx install tox
 ```
 
-Finally, to actually run tests, run:
+Finally, to actually run tests, run tox from inside the borgmatic
+sourcedirectory:
 
 ```bash
 tox
@@ -149,8 +152,8 @@ See the Black, Flake8, and isort documentation for more information.
 
 Each pull request triggers a continuous integration build which runs the test
 suite. You can view these builds on
-[build.torsion.org](https://build.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic), and they're
-also linked from the commits list on each pull request.
+[build.torsion.org](https://build.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic),
+and they're also linked from the commits list on each pull request.
 
 ## Documentation development
 

docs/how-to/extract-a-backup.md

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ entire contents of the archive to the current directory, so make sure you're
 in the right place before running the command—or see below about the
 `--destination` flag.
 
-
 ## Repository selection
 
 If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
@@ -145,3 +144,46 @@ When you're all done exploring your files, unmount your mount point. No
 ```bash
 borgmatic umount --mount-point /mnt
 ```
+
+## Extract the configuration files used to create an archive
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.15</span> borgmatic
+automatically stores all the configuration files used to create an archive
+inside the archive itself. This is useful in cases where you've lost a
+configuration file or you want to see what configurations were used to create a
+particular archive.
+
+To extract the configuration files from an archive, use the `config bootstrap`
+action. For example:
+
+```bash 
+borgmatic config bootstrap --repository repo.borg --destination /tmp
+```
+
+This extracts the configuration file from the latest archive in the repository
+`repo.borg` to `/tmp/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml`, assuming that the only
+configuration file used to create this archive was located at
+`/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml` when the archive was created.
+
+Note that to run the `config bootstrap` action, you don't need to have a
+borgmatic configuration file. You only need to specify the repository to use via
+the `--repository` flag; borgmatic will figure out the rest.
+
+If a destination directory is not specified, the configuration files will be
+extracted to their original locations, silently *overwriting* any configuration
+files that may already exist. For example, if a configuration file was located
+at `/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml` when the archive was created, it will be
+extracted to `/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml` too.
+
+If you want to extract the configuration file from a specific archive, use the
+`--archive` flag:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic config bootstrap --repository repo.borg --archive host-2023-01-02T04:06:07.080910 --destination /tmp
+```
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.8.1</span> Set the
+`store_config_files` option to `false` to disable the automatic backup of
+borgmatic configuration files, for instance if they contain sensitive
+information you don't want to store even inside your encrypted backups. If you
+do this though, the `config bootstrap` action will no longer work.

docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ in newer versions of borgmatic.
 Once you have multiple different configuration files, you might want to share
 common configuration options across these files with having to copy and paste
 them. To achieve this, you can put fragments of common configuration options
-into a file, and then include or inline that file into one or more borgmatic
+into a file and then include or inline that file into one or more borgmatic
 configuration files.
 
 Let's say that you want to include common consistency check configuration across all
@@ -233,18 +233,57 @@ checks:
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> These
 options were organized into sections like `retention:` and `consistency:`.
 
-Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration would have all
-of the options from the original configuration file *and* the options from the
+Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration has all of the
+options from the original configuration file *and* the options from the
 include.
 
 Note that this `<<` include merging syntax is only for merging in mappings
-(configuration options and their values). But if you'd like to include a
-single value directly, please see the above about standard includes.
+(configuration options and their values). If you'd like to include a single
+value directly, please see above about standard includes.
 
-Additionally, there is a limitation preventing multiple `<<` include merges
-per file or option value. So for instance, that means you can do one `<<`
-merge at the global level, another `<<` within each nested option value, etc.
-(This is a YAML limitation.)
+
+### Multiple merge includes
+
+borgmatic has a limitation preventing multiple `<<` include merges per file or
+option value. This means you can do a single `<<` merge at the global level,
+another `<<` within each nested option value, etc. (This is a YAML
+limitation.) For instance:
+
+```yaml
+repositories:
+   - path: repo.borg
+
+# This won't work! You can't do multiple merges like this at the same level.
+<<: !include common1.yaml
+<<: !include common2.yaml
+```
+
+But read on for a way around this.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.8.1</span> You can
+include and merge multiple configuration files all at once. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+repositories:
+   - path: repo.borg
+
+<<: !include [common1.yaml, common2.yaml, common3.yaml]
+```
+
+This merges in each included configuration file in turn, such that later files
+replace the options in earlier ones.
+
+Here's another way to do the same thing:
+
+```yaml
+repositories:
+   - path: repo.borg
+
+<<: !include
+    - common1.yaml
+    - common2.yaml
+    - common3.yaml
+```
 
 
 ### Deep merge
@@ -309,8 +348,8 @@ source_directories:
     - /etc
 ```
 
-<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
-this option in the `location:` section of your configuration.
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put the
+`source_directories` option in the `location:` section of your configuration.
 
 Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration will have a
 `source_directories` value of `/etc` and `/var`—with `/home` omitted.
@@ -442,8 +481,8 @@ command-line via the `--override` flag. Here's an example:
 borgmatic create --override remote_path=/usr/local/bin/borg1
 ```
 
-What this does is load your configuration files, and for each one, disregard
-the configured value for the `remote_path` option, and use the value of
+What this does is load your configuration files and for each one, disregard
+the configured value for the `remote_path` option and use the value of
 `/usr/local/bin/borg1` instead.
 
 You can even override nested values or multiple values at once. For instance:
@@ -525,7 +564,7 @@ forget to specify the section (like `location:` or `storage:`) that any option
 is in.
 
 In this example, when borgmatic runs, all instances of `{user}` get replaced
-with `foo` and all instances of `{archive-prefix}` get replaced with `bar-`.
+with `foo` and all instances of `{archive_prefix}` get replaced with `bar-`.
 (And in this particular example, `{now}` doesn't get replaced with anything,
 but gets passed directly to Borg.) After substitution, the logical result
 looks something like this:

docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups.md

@@ -36,25 +36,24 @@ below for how to configure this.
 
 ### Third-party monitoring services
 
-borgmatic integrates with monitoring services like
-[Healthchecks](https://healthchecks.io/), [Cronitor](https://cronitor.io),
-[Cronhub](https://cronhub.io), [PagerDuty](https://www.pagerduty.com/), and
-[ntfy](https://ntfy.sh/) and pings these services whenever borgmatic runs.
-That way, you'll receive an alert when something goes wrong or (for certain
-hooks) the service doesn't hear from borgmatic for a configured interval. See
-[Healthchecks
-hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#healthchecks-hook),
-[Cronitor
-hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronitor-hook),
-[Cronhub
-hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronhub-hook),
-[PagerDuty
-hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#pagerduty-hook),
-and [ntfy hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#ntfy-hook)
-below for how to configure this.
+borgmatic integrates with these monitoring services and libraries, pinging
+them as backups happen:
+
+ * [Healthchecks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#healthchecks-hook)
+ * [Cronitor](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronitor-hook)
+ * [Cronhub](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronhub-hook)
+ * [PagerDuty](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#pagerduty-hook)
+ * [ntfy](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#ntfy-hook)
+ * [Grafana Loki](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#loki-hook)
+ * [Apprise](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#apprise-hook)
+
+The idea is that you'll receive an alert when something goes wrong or when the
+service doesn't hear from borgmatic for a configured interval (if supported).
+See the documentation links above for configuration information.
+
+While these services and libraries offer different features, you probably only
+need to use one of them at most.
 
-While these services offer different features, you probably only need to use
-one of them at most.
 
 ### Third-party monitoring software
 
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ on_error:
 ```
 
 In this example, when the error occurs, borgmatic interpolates runtime values
-into the hook command: the borgmatic configuration filename, and the path of
+into the hook command: the borgmatic configuration filename and the path of
 the repository. Here's the full set of supported variables you can use here:
 
  * `configuration_filename`: borgmatic configuration filename in which the
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ the repository. Here's the full set of supported variables you can use here:
    occurred without running a command)
 
 Note that borgmatic runs the `on_error` hooks only for `create`, `prune`,
-`compact`, or `check` actions or hooks in which an error occurs, and not other
+`compact`, or `check` actions/hooks in which an error occurs and not other
 actions. borgmatic does not run `on_error` hooks if an error occurs within a
 `before_everything` or `after_everything` hook. For more about hooks, see the
 [borgmatic hooks
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ especially the security information.
 ## Healthchecks hook
 
 [Healthchecks](https://healthchecks.io/) is a service that provides "instant
-alerts when your cron jobs fail silently", and borgmatic has built-in
+alerts when your cron jobs fail silently," and borgmatic has built-in
 integration with it. Once you create a Healthchecks account and project on
 their site, all you need to do is configure borgmatic with the unique "Ping
 URL" for your project. Here's an example:
@@ -143,22 +142,20 @@ healthchecks:
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
-With this hook in place, borgmatic pings your Healthchecks project when a
-backup begins, ends, or errors. Specifically, after the <a
-href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/">`before_backup`
-hooks</a> run, borgmatic lets Healthchecks know that it has started if any of
-the `create`, `prune`, `compact`, or `check` actions are run.
+With this configuration, borgmatic pings your Healthchecks project when a
+backup begins, ends, or errors, but only when any of the `create`, `prune`,
+`compact`, or `check` actions are run.
 
 Then, if the actions complete successfully, borgmatic notifies Healthchecks of
-the success after the `after_backup` hooks run, and includes borgmatic logs in
-the payload data sent to Healthchecks. This means that borgmatic logs show up
-in the Healthchecks UI, although be aware that Healthchecks currently has a
-10-kilobyte limit for the logs in each ping.
+the success and includes borgmatic logs in the payload data sent to
+Healthchecks. This means that borgmatic logs show up in the Healthchecks UI,
+although be aware that Healthchecks currently has a 10-kilobyte limit for the
+logs in each ping.
 
-If an error occurs during any action or hook, borgmatic notifies Healthchecks
-after the `on_error` hooks run, also tacking on logs including the error
-itself. But the logs are only included for errors that occur when a `create`,
-`prune`, `compact`, or `check` action is run.
+If an error occurs during any action or hook, borgmatic notifies Healthchecks,
+also tacking on logs including the error itself. But the logs are only
+included for errors that occur when a `create`, `prune`, `compact`, or `check`
+action is run.
 
 You can customize the verbosity of the logs that are sent to Healthchecks with
 borgmatic's `--monitoring-verbosity` flag. The `--list` and `--stats` flags
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ or it doesn't hear from borgmatic for a certain period of time.
 ## Cronitor hook
 
 [Cronitor](https://cronitor.io/) provides "Cron monitoring and uptime healthchecks
-for websites, services and APIs", and borgmatic has built-in
+for websites, services and APIs," and borgmatic has built-in
 integration with it. Once you create a Cronitor account and cron job monitor on
 their site, all you need to do is configure borgmatic with the unique "Ping
 API URL" for your monitor. Here's an example:
@@ -189,14 +186,10 @@ cronitor:
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
-With this hook in place, borgmatic pings your Cronitor monitor when a backup
-begins, ends, or errors. Specifically, after the <a
-href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/">`before_backup`
-hooks</a> run, borgmatic lets Cronitor know that it has started if any of the
-`prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions are run. Then, if the actions
-complete successfully, borgmatic notifies Cronitor of the success after the
-`after_backup` hooks run. And if an error occurs during any action or hook,
-borgmatic notifies Cronitor after the `on_error` hooks run.
+With this configuration, borgmatic pings your Cronitor monitor when a backup
+begins, ends, or errors, but only when any of the `prune`, `compact`,
+`create`, or `check` actions are run. Then, if the actions complete
+successfully or errors, borgmatic notifies Cronitor accordingly.
 
 You can configure Cronitor to notify you by a [variety of
 mechanisms](https://cronitor.io/docs/cron-job-notifications) when backups fail
@@ -206,7 +199,7 @@ or it doesn't hear from borgmatic for a certain period of time.
 ## Cronhub hook
 
 [Cronhub](https://cronhub.io/) provides "instant alerts when any of your
-background jobs fail silently or run longer than expected", and borgmatic has
+background jobs fail silently or run longer than expected," and borgmatic has
 built-in integration with it. Once you create a Cronhub account and monitor on
 their site, all you need to do is configure borgmatic with the unique "Ping
 URL" for your monitor. Here's an example:
@@ -220,14 +213,10 @@ cronhub:
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
-With this hook in place, borgmatic pings your Cronhub monitor when a backup
-begins, ends, or errors. Specifically, after the <a
-href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/">`before_backup`
-hooks</a> run, borgmatic lets Cronhub know that it has started if any of the
-`prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions are run. Then, if the actions
-complete successfully, borgmatic notifies Cronhub of the success after the
-`after_backup` hooks run. And if an error occurs during any action or hook,
-borgmatic notifies Cronhub after the `on_error` hooks run.
+With this configuration, borgmatic pings your Cronhub monitor when a backup
+begins, ends, or errors, but only when any of the `prune`, `compact`,
+`create`, or `check` actions are run. Then, if the actions complete
+successfully or errors, borgmatic notifies Cronhub accordingly.
 
 Note that even though you configure borgmatic with the "start" variant of the
 ping URL, borgmatic substitutes the correct state into the URL when pinging
@@ -265,11 +254,10 @@ pagerduty:
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
-With this hook in place, borgmatic creates a PagerDuty event for your service
-whenever backups fail. Specifically, if an error occurs during a `create`,
-`prune`, `compact`, or `check` action, borgmatic sends an event to PagerDuty
-before the `on_error` hooks run. Note that borgmatic does not contact
-PagerDuty when a backup starts or ends without error.
+With this configuration, borgmatic creates a PagerDuty event for your service
+whenever backups fail, but only when any of the `create`, `prune`, `compact`,
+or `check` actions are run. Note that borgmatic does not contact PagerDuty
+when a backup starts or when it ends without error.
 
 You can configure PagerDuty to notify you by a [variety of
 mechanisms](https://support.pagerduty.com/docs/notifications) when backups
@@ -281,10 +269,12 @@ us](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#support-and-contributing).
 
 ## ntfy hook
 
-[ntfy](https://ntfy.sh) is a free, simple, service (either hosted or self-hosted)
-which offers simple pub/sub push notifications to multiple platforms including
-[web](https://ntfy.sh/stats), [Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy)
-and [iOS](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347).
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.3</span>
+[ntfy](https://ntfy.sh) is a free, simple, service (either hosted or
+self-hosted) which offers simple pub/sub push notifications to multiple
+platforms including [web](https://ntfy.sh/stats),
+[Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy) and
+[iOS](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347).
 
 Since push notifications for regular events might soon become quite annoying,
 this hook only fires on any errors by default in order to instantly alert you to issues.
@@ -304,17 +294,17 @@ ntfy:
     topic: my-unique-topic
     server: https://ntfy.my-domain.com
     start:
-        title: A Borgmatic backup started
+        title: A borgmatic backup started
         message: Watch this space...
         tags: borgmatic
         priority: min
     finish:
-        title: A Borgmatic backup completed successfully
+        title: A borgmatic backup completed successfully
         message: Nice!
         tags: borgmatic,+1
         priority: min
     fail:
-        title: A Borgmatic backup failed
+        title: A borgmatic backup failed
         message: You should probably fix it
         tags: borgmatic,-1,skull
         priority: max
@@ -328,6 +318,122 @@ ntfy:
 the `ntfy:` option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
 
+## Loki hook
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.8.3</span> [Grafana
+Loki](https://grafana.com/oss/loki/) is a "horizontally scalable, highly
+available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus."
+borgmatic has built-in integration with Loki, sending both backup status and
+borgmatic logs.
+
+You can configure borgmatic to use either a [self-hosted Loki
+instance](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/installation/) or [a Grafana
+Cloud account](https://grafana.com/auth/sign-up/create-user). Start by setting
+your Loki API push URL. Here's an example:
+
+```yaml
+loki:
+    url: http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push
+```
+
+With this configuration, borgmatic sends its logs to your Loki instance as any
+of the `prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions are run. Then, after
+the actions complete, borgmatic notifies Loki of success or failure.
+
+This hook supports sending arbitrary labels to Loki. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+loki:
+    url: http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push
+
+    labels:
+        app: borgmatic
+        hostname: example.org
+```
+
+There are also a few placeholders you can optionally use as label values:
+
+ * `__config`: name of the borgmatic configuration file
+ * `__config_path`: full path of the borgmatic configuration file
+ * `__hostname`: the local machine hostname
+
+These placeholders are only substituted for the whole label value, not
+interpolated into a larger string. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+loki:
+    url: http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push
+
+    labels:
+        app: borgmatic
+        config: __config
+        hostname: __hostname
+```
+
+
+## Apprise hook
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.8.4</span>
+[Apprise](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki) is a local notification library
+that "allows you to send a notification to almost all of the most popular
+[notification services](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki) available to
+us today such as: Telegram, Discord, Slack, Amazon SNS, Gotify, etc."
+
+Depending on how you installed borgmatic, it may not have come with Apprise.
+For instance, if you originally [installed borgmatic with
+pipx](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#installation),
+run the following to install Apprise so borgmatic can use it:
+
+```bash
+sudo pipx install --editable --force borgmatic[Apprise]
+```
+
+Omit `sudo` if borgmatic is installed as a non-root user.
+
+Once Apprise is installed, configure borgmatic to notify one or more [Apprise
+services](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki). For example:
+
+```yaml
+apprise:
+    services:
+        - url: gotify://hostname/token
+          label: gotify
+        - url: mastodons://access_key@hostname/@user
+          label: mastodon
+```
+
+With this configuration, borgmatic pings each of the configured Apprise
+services when a backup begins, ends, or errors, but only when any of the
+`prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions are run.
+
+You can optionally customize the contents of the default messages sent to
+these services:
+
+```yaml
+apprise:
+    services:
+        - url: gotify://hostname/token
+          label: gotify
+    start:
+        title: Ping!
+        body: Starting backup process.
+    finish:
+        title: Ping!
+        body: Backups successfully made.
+    fail:
+        title: Ping!
+        body: Your backups have failed.
+    states:
+        - start
+        - finish
+        - fail
+```
+
+See the [configuration
+reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/) for
+details.
+
+
 ## Scripting borgmatic
 
 To consume the output of borgmatic in other software, you can include an
@@ -336,7 +442,7 @@ output formatted as JSON.
 
 Note that when you specify the `--json` flag, Borg's other non-JSON output is
 suppressed so as not to interfere with the captured JSON. Also note that JSON
-output only shows up at the console, and not in syslog.
+output only shows up at the console and not in syslog.
 
 
 ### Latest backups

docs/how-to/provide-your-passwords.md

@@ -9,9 +9,15 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 
 If you want to use a Borg repository passphrase or database passwords with
 borgmatic, you can set them directly in your borgmatic configuration file,
-treating those secrets like any other option value. But if you'd rather store
-them outside of borgmatic, whether for convenience or security reasons, read
-on.
+treating those secrets like any other option value. For instance, you can
+specify your Borg passhprase with:
+
+```yaml
+encryption_passphrase: yourpassphrase
+```
+
+But if you'd rather store them outside of borgmatic, whether for convenience
+or security reasons, read on.
 
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.4</span> borgmatic
 supports interpolating arbitrary environment variables directly into option
@@ -20,14 +26,14 @@ pull your repository passphrase, your database passwords, or any other option
 values from environment variables. For instance:
 
 ```yaml
-encryption_passphrase: ${MY_PASSPHRASE}
+encryption_passphrase: ${YOUR_PASSPHRASE}
 ```
 
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `storage:` section of your configuration.
 
-This uses the `MY_PASSPHRASE` environment variable as your encryption
-passphrase. Note that the `{` `}` brackets are required. `$MY_PASSPHRASE` by
+This uses the `YOUR_PASSPHRASE` environment variable as your encryption
+passphrase. Note that the `{` `}` brackets are required. `$YOUR_PASSPHRASE` by
 itself will not work.
 
 In the case of `encryption_passphrase` in particular, an alternate approach
@@ -42,25 +48,26 @@ the same approach applies. For example:
 ```yaml
 postgresql_databases:
     - name: users
-      password: ${MY_DATABASE_PASSWORD}
+      password: ${YOUR_DATABASE_PASSWORD}
 ```
 
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.8.0</span> Put
 this option in the `hooks:` section of your configuration.
 
-This uses the `MY_DATABASE_PASSWORD` environment variable as your database
+This uses the `YOUR_DATABASE_PASSWORD` environment variable as your database
 password.
 
 
 ### Interpolation defaults
 
-If you'd like to set a default for your environment variables, you can do so with the following syntax:
+If you'd like to set a default for your environment variables, you can do so
+with the following syntax:
 
 ```yaml
-encryption_passphrase: ${MY_PASSPHRASE:-defaultpass}
+encryption_passphrase: ${YOUR_PASSPHRASE:-defaultpass}
 ```
 
-Here, "`defaultpass`" is the default passphrase if the `MY_PASSPHRASE`
+Here, "`defaultpass`" is the default passphrase if the `YOUR_PASSPHRASE`
 environment variable is not set. Without a default, if the environment
 variable doesn't exist, borgmatic will error.
 
@@ -90,3 +97,9 @@ Additionally, borgmatic action hooks support their own [variable
 interpolation](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/#variable-interpolation),
 although in that case it's for particular borgmatic runtime values rather than
 (only) environment variables.
+
+Lastly, if you do want to specify your passhprase directly within borgmatic
+configuration, but you'd like to keep it in a separate file from your main
+configuration, you can [use a configuration include or a merge
+include](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#configuration-includes)
+to pull in an external password.

docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md

@@ -7,74 +7,70 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 ---
 ## Installation
 
-Many users need to backup system files that require privileged access, so
-these instructions install and run borgmatic as root. If you don't need to
-backup such files, then you are welcome to install and run borgmatic as a
-non-root user.
+### Prerequisites
 
-First, manually [install
+First, [install
 Borg](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installation.html), at least
 version 1.1. borgmatic does not install Borg automatically so as to avoid
 conflicts with existing Borg installations.
 
-Then, download and install borgmatic as a [user site
-installation](https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/#installing-to-the-user-site)
-by running the following command:
+Then, [install pipx](https://pypa.github.io/pipx/installation/) as the root
+user (with `sudo`) to make installing borgmatic easy without impacting other
+Python applications on your system. If you have trouble installing pipx with
+pip, then you can install a system package instead. E.g. on Ubuntu or Debian,
+run:
 
 ```bash
-sudo pip3 install --user --upgrade borgmatic
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install pipx
 ```
 
-This installs borgmatic and its commands at the `/root/.local/bin` path.
+### Root install
 
-Your pip binary may have a different name than "pip3". Make sure you're using
-Python 3.7+, as borgmatic does not support older versions of Python.
-
-The next step is to ensure that borgmatic's commands available are on your
-system `PATH`, so that you can run borgmatic:
+If you want to run borgmatic on a schedule with privileged access to your
+files, then you should install borgmatic as the root user by running the
+following commands:
 
 ```bash
-echo export 'PATH="$PATH:/root/.local/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
-source ~/.bashrc
+sudo pipx ensurepath
+sudo pipx install borgmatic
 ```
 
-This adds `/root/.local/bin` to your non-root user's system `PATH`.
-
-If you're using a command shell other than Bash, you may need to use different
-commands here.
-
-You can check whether all of this worked with:
+Check whether this worked with:
 
 ```bash
-sudo borgmatic --version
+sudo su -
+borgmatic --version
 ```
 
 If borgmatic is properly installed, that should output your borgmatic version.
-
-As an alternative to adding the path to `~/.bashrc` file, if you're using sudo
-to run borgmatic, you can configure [sudo's
-`secure_path` option](https://man.archlinux.org/man/sudoers.5) to include
-borgmatic's path.
+And if you'd also like `sudo borgmatic` to work, keep reading!
 
 
-### Global install option
+### Non-root install
 
-If you try the user site installation above, and have problems making
-borgmatic commands runnable on your system `PATH`, an alternate approach is to
-install borgmatic globally.
-
-The following uninstalls borgmatic, and then reinstalls it such that borgmatic
-commands are on the default system `PATH`:
+If you only want to run borgmatic as a non-root user (without privileged file
+access) *or* you want to make `sudo borgmatic` work so borgmatic runs as root,
+then install borgmatic as a non-root user by running the following commands as
+that user:
 
 ```bash
-sudo pip3 uninstall borgmatic
-sudo pip3 install --upgrade borgmatic
+pipx ensurepath
+pipx install borgmatic
 ```
 
-The main downside of a global install is that borgmatic is less cleanly
-separated from the rest of your Python software, and there's the theoretical
-possibility of library conflicts. But if you're okay with that, for instance
-on a relatively dedicated system, then a global install can work out fine.
+This should work even if you've also installed borgmatic as the root user.
+
+Check whether this worked with:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic --version
+```
+
+If borgmatic is properly installed, that should output your borgmatic version.
+You can also try `sudo borgmatic --version` if you intend to run borgmatic
+with `sudo`. If that doesn't work, you may need to update your [sudoers
+`secure_path` option](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Sudo).
 
 
 ### Other ways to install
@@ -229,7 +225,7 @@ sudo borgmatic rcreate --encryption repokey-aes-ocb
 certain platforms like ARM64.)
 
 This uses the borgmatic configuration file you created above to determine
-which local or remote repository to create, and encrypts it with the
+which local or remote repository to create and encrypts it with the
 encryption passphrase specified there if one is provided. Read about [Borg
 encryption
 modes](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/init.html#encryption-mode-tldr)

docs/how-to/upgrade.md

@@ -7,26 +7,38 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 ---
 ## Upgrading borgmatic
 
-In general, all you should need to do to upgrade borgmatic is run the
-following:
+In general, all you should need to do to upgrade borgmatic if you've
+[installed it with
+pipx](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#installation)
+is to run the following:
 
 ```bash
-sudo pip3 install --user --upgrade borgmatic
+sudo pipx upgrade borgmatic
 ```
 
-See below about special cases with old versions of borgmatic. Additionally, if
-you installed borgmatic [without using `pip3 install
---user`](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#other-ways-to-install),
-then your upgrade process may be different.
+Omit `sudo` if you installed borgmatic as a non-root user. And if you
+installed borgmatic *both* as root and as a non-root user, you'll need to
+upgrade each installation independently.
+
+If you originally installed borgmatic with `sudo pip3 install --user`, you can
+uninstall it first with `sudo pip3 uninstall borgmatic` and then [install it
+again with
+pipx](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#installation),
+which should better isolate borgmatic from your other Python applications.
+
+But if you [installed borgmatic without pipx or
+pip3](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#other-ways-to-install),
+then your upgrade method may be different.
+
 
 
 ### Upgrading your configuration
 
-The borgmatic configuration file format is almost always backwards-compatible
-from release to release without any changes, but you may still want to update
-your configuration file when you upgrade to take advantage of new
-configuration options. This is completely optional. If you prefer, you can add
-new configuration options manually.
+The borgmatic configuration file format is usually backwards-compatible from
+release to release without any changes, but you may still want to update your
+configuration file when you upgrade to take advantage of new configuration
+options or avoid old configuration from eventually becoming unsupported. If
+you prefer, you can add new configuration options manually.
 
 If you do want to upgrade your configuration file to include new options, use
 the `borgmatic config generate` action with its optional `--source` flag that
@@ -63,46 +75,11 @@ and, if desired, replace your original configuration file with it.
 ### Upgrading from borgmatic 1.0.x
 
 borgmatic changed its configuration file format in version 1.1.0 from
-INI-style to YAML. This better supports validation, and has a more natural way
-to express lists of values. To upgrade your existing configuration, first
-upgrade to the last version of borgmatic to support converting configuration:
-borgmatic 1.7.14.
-
-As of version 1.1.0, borgmatic no longer supports Python 2. If you were
-already running borgmatic with Python 3, then you can upgrade borgmatic
-in-place:
-
-```bash
-sudo pip3 install --user --upgrade borgmatic==1.7.14
-```
-
-But if you were running borgmatic with Python 2, uninstall and reinstall instead:
-
-```bash
-sudo pip uninstall borgmatic
-sudo pip3 install --user borgmatic==1.7.14
-```
-
-The pip binary names for different versions of Python can differ, so the above
-commands may need some tweaking to work on your machine.
-
-
-Once borgmatic is upgraded, run:
-
-```bash
-sudo upgrade-borgmatic-config
-```
-
-That will generate a new YAML configuration file at /etc/borgmatic/config.yaml
-(by default) using the values from both your existing configuration and
-excludes files. The new version of borgmatic will consume the YAML
-configuration file instead of the old one.
-
-Now you can upgrade to a newer version of borgmatic:
-
-```bash
-sudo pip3 install --user borgmatic
-```
+INI-style to YAML. This better supports validation and has a more natural way
+to express lists of values. Modern versions of borgmatic no longer include
+support for upgrading configuration files this old, but feel free to [file a
+ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) for help with upgrading any old
+INI-style configuration files you may have.
 
 
 ## Upgrading Borg

docs/reference/source-code.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: Source code reference
+eleventyNavigation:
+  key: 🐍 Source code reference
+  parent: Reference guides
+  order: 3
+---
+## getting oriented
+
+If case you're interested in [developing on
+borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/),
+here's an abridged primer on how its Python source code is organized to help
+you get started. At the top level we have:
+
+ * [borgmatic](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic): The main borgmatic source module. Most of the code is here.
+ * [docs](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/docs): How-to and reference documentation, including the document you're reading now.
+ * [sample](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/sample): Example configurations for cron and systemd.
+ * [scripts](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/scripts): Dev-facing scripts for things like building documentation and running end-to-end tests.
+ * [tests](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/tests): Automated tests organized by: end-to-end, integration, and unit.
+
+Within the `borgmatic` directory you'll find:
+
+ * [actions](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic/actions): Mid-level code for running each borgmatic action (create, list, check, etc.).
+ * [borg](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic/borg): Lower-level code that actually shells out to Borg for each action.
+ * [commands](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic/commands): Looking to add a new flag or action? Start here. This contains borgmatic's entry point, argument parsing, and shell completion. 
+ * [config](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic/config): Code responsible for loading, normalizing, and validating borgmatic's configuration.
+ * [hooks](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/branch/main/borgmatic/hooks): Looking to add a new database or monitoring integration? Start here.
+
+So, broadly speaking, the control flow goes: `commands` → `config` followed by `commands` → `actions` → `borg` and `hooks`.

sample/systemd/borgmatic.service

@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ RestrictSUIDSGID=yes
 SystemCallArchitectures=native
 SystemCallFilter=@system-service
 SystemCallErrorNumber=EPERM
-# To restrict write access further, change "ProtectSystem" to "strict" and uncomment
-# "ReadWritePaths", "ReadOnlyPaths", "ProtectHome", and "BindPaths". Then add any local repository
-# paths to the list of "ReadWritePaths" and local backup source paths to "ReadOnlyPaths". This
-# leaves most of the filesystem read-only to borgmatic.
+# To restrict write access further, change "ProtectSystem" to "strict" and
+# uncomment "ReadWritePaths", "TemporaryFileSystem", "BindPaths" and
+# "BindReadOnlyPaths". Then add any local repository paths to the list of
+# "ReadWritePaths". This leaves most of the filesystem read-only to borgmatic.
 ProtectSystem=full
 # ReadWritePaths=-/mnt/my_backup_drive
-# ReadOnlyPaths=-/var/lib/my_backup_source
 # This will mount a tmpfs on top of /root and pass through needed paths
-# ProtectHome=tmpfs
+# TemporaryFileSystem=/root:ro
 # BindPaths=-/root/.cache/borg -/root/.config/borg -/root/.borgmatic
+# BindReadOnlyPaths=-/root/.ssh
 
 # May interfere with running external programs within borgmatic hooks.
 CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_NET_RAW

scripts/run-full-tests

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ if [ -z "$TEST_CONTAINER" ]; then
 fi
 
 apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip borgbackup postgresql-client mariadb-client mongodb-tools \
-    py3-ruamel.yaml py3-ruamel.yaml.clib bash sqlite fish
+    py3-ruamel.yaml py3-ruamel.yaml.clib py3-yaml bash sqlite fish
 # If certain dependencies of black are available in this version of Alpine, install them.
 apk add --no-cache py3-typed-ast py3-regex || true
 python3 -m pip install --no-cache --upgrade pip==22.2.2 setuptools==64.0.1
-pip3 install --ignore-installed tox==3.25.1
+pip3 install --ignore-installed tox==4.11.3
 export COVERAGE_FILE=/tmp/.coverage
 
 if [ "$1" != "--end-to-end-only" ]; then

setup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
-VERSION = '1.8.0'
+VERSION = '1.8.4'
 
 
 setup(
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ setup(
         'ruamel.yaml>0.15.0,<0.18.0',
         'setuptools',
     ),
+    extras_require={"Apprise": ["apprise"]},
     include_package_data=True,
     python_requires='>=3.7',
 )

test_requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 appdirs==1.4.4; python_version >= '3.8'
+apprise==1.3.0
 attrs==22.2.0; python_version >= '3.8'
 black==23.3.0; python_version >= '3.8'
+certifi==2023.7.22
 chardet==5.1.0
 click==8.1.3; python_version >= '3.8'
 codespell==2.2.4
@@ -14,16 +16,18 @@ flexmock==0.11.3
 idna==3.4
 importlib_metadata==6.3.0; python_version < '3.8'
 isort==5.12.0
+jsonschema==4.17.3
+Markdown==3.4.1
 mccabe==0.7.0
 packaging==23.1
-pluggy==1.0.0
 pathspec==0.11.1; python_version >= '3.8'
+pluggy==1.0.0
 py==1.11.0
 pycodestyle==2.10.0
 pyflakes==3.0.1
-jsonschema==4.17.3
 pytest==7.3.0
 pytest-cov==4.0.0
+PyYAML>5.0.0
 regex; python_version >= '3.8'
 requests==2.31.0
 ruamel.yaml>0.15.0,<0.18.0

tests/end-to-end/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -10,18 +10,28 @@ services:
     environment:
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test2
       POSTGRES_DB: test
-      POSTGRES_USER: postgres2
     command: docker-entrypoint.sh -p 5433
-  mysql:
-    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.5
+  mariadb:
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
     environment:
-      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
-      MYSQL_DATABASE: test
-  mysql2:
-    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.5
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+  mariadb2:
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
     environment:
-      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
-      MYSQL_DATABASE: test
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+    command: docker-entrypoint.sh --port=3307
+  not-actually-mysql:
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
+    environment:
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
+  not-actually-mysql2:
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.11.4
+    environment:
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test2
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: test
     command: docker-entrypoint.sh --port=3307
   mongodb:
     image: docker.io/mongo:5.0.5
@@ -50,7 +60,7 @@ services:
     depends_on:
       - postgresql
       - postgresql2
-      - mysql
-      - mysql2
+      - mariadb
+      - mariadb2
       - mongodb
       - mongodb2

tests/end-to-end/test_database.py

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 
+import pymongo
 import pytest
+import ruamel.yaml
 
 
 def write_configuration(
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ def write_configuration(
     for testing. This includes injecting the given repository path, borgmatic source directory for
     storing database dumps, dump format (for PostgreSQL), and encryption passphrase.
     '''
-    config = f'''
+    config_yaml = f'''
 source_directories:
     - {source_directory}
 repositories:
@@ -45,18 +47,32 @@ postgresql_databases:
       hostname: postgresql
       username: postgres
       password: test
-mysql_databases:
+mariadb_databases:
     - name: test
-      hostname: mysql
+      hostname: mariadb
       username: root
       password: test
     - name: all
-      hostname: mysql
+      hostname: mariadb
       username: root
       password: test
     - name: all
       format: sql
-      hostname: mysql
+      hostname: mariadb
+      username: root
+      password: test
+mysql_databases:
+    - name: test
+      hostname: not-actually-mysql
+      username: root
+      password: test
+    - name: all
+      hostname: not-actually-mysql
+      username: root
+      password: test
+    - name: all
+      format: sql
+      hostname: not-actually-mysql
       username: root
       password: test
 mongodb_databases:
@@ -76,7 +92,9 @@ sqlite_databases:
 '''
 
     with open(config_path, 'w') as config_file:
-        config_file.write(config)
+        config_file.write(config_yaml)
+
+    return ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ='safe').load(config_yaml)
 
 
 def write_custom_restore_configuration(
@@ -92,7 +110,7 @@ def write_custom_restore_configuration(
     for testing with custom restore options. This includes a custom restore_hostname, restore_port,
     restore_username, restore_password and restore_path.
     '''
-    config = f'''
+    config_yaml = f'''
 source_directories:
     - {source_directory}
 repositories:
@@ -109,14 +127,22 @@ postgresql_databases:
       format: {postgresql_dump_format}
       restore_hostname: postgresql2
       restore_port: 5433
-      restore_username: postgres2
+      restore_password: test2
+mariadb_databases:
+    - name: test
+      hostname: mariadb
+      username: root
+      password: test
+      restore_hostname: mariadb2
+      restore_port: 3307
+      restore_username: root
       restore_password: test2
 mysql_databases:
     - name: test
-      hostname: mysql
+      hostname: not-actually-mysql
       username: root
       password: test
-      restore_hostname: mysql2
+      restore_hostname: not-actually-mysql2
       restore_port: 3307
       restore_username: root
       restore_password: test2
@@ -138,7 +164,9 @@ sqlite_databases:
 '''
 
     with open(config_path, 'w') as config_file:
-        config_file.write(config)
+        config_file.write(config_yaml)
+
+    return ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ='safe').load(config_yaml)
 
 
 def write_simple_custom_restore_configuration(
@@ -154,7 +182,7 @@ def write_simple_custom_restore_configuration(
     custom restore_hostname, restore_port, restore_username and restore_password as we only test
     these options for PostgreSQL.
     '''
-    config = f'''
+    config_yaml = f'''
 source_directories:
     - {source_directory}
 repositories:
@@ -172,7 +200,147 @@ postgresql_databases:
 '''
 
     with open(config_path, 'w') as config_file:
-        config_file.write(config)
+        config_file.write(config_yaml)
+
+    return ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ='safe').load(config_yaml)
+
+
+def get_connection_params(database, use_restore_options=False):
+    hostname = (database.get('restore_hostname') if use_restore_options else None) or database.get(
+        'hostname'
+    )
+    port = (database.get('restore_port') if use_restore_options else None) or database.get('port')
+    username = (database.get('restore_username') if use_restore_options else None) or database.get(
+        'username'
+    )
+    password = (database.get('restore_password') if use_restore_options else None) or database.get(
+        'password'
+    )
+
+    return (hostname, port, username, password)
+
+
+def run_postgresql_command(command, config, use_restore_options=False):
+    (hostname, port, username, password) = get_connection_params(
+        config['postgresql_databases'][0], use_restore_options
+    )
+
+    subprocess.check_call(
+        [
+            '/usr/bin/psql',
+            f'--host={hostname}',
+            f'--port={port or 5432}',
+            f"--username={username or 'root'}",
+            f'--command={command}',
+            'test',
+        ],
+        env={'PGPASSWORD': password},
+    )
+
+
+def run_mariadb_command(command, config, use_restore_options=False, binary_name='mariadb'):
+    (hostname, port, username, password) = get_connection_params(
+        config[f'{binary_name}_databases'][0], use_restore_options
+    )
+
+    subprocess.check_call(
+        [
+            f'/usr/bin/{binary_name}',
+            f'--host={hostname}',
+            f'--port={port or 3306}',
+            f'--user={username}',
+            f'--execute={command}',
+            'test',
+        ],
+        env={'MYSQL_PWD': password},
+    )
+
+
+def get_mongodb_database_client(config, use_restore_options=False):
+    (hostname, port, username, password) = get_connection_params(
+        config['mongodb_databases'][0], use_restore_options
+    )
+
+    return pymongo.MongoClient(f'mongodb://{username}:{password}@{hostname}:{port or 27017}').test
+
+
+def run_sqlite_command(command, config, use_restore_options=False):
+    database = config['sqlite_databases'][0]
+    path = (database.get('restore_path') if use_restore_options else None) or database.get('path')
+
+    subprocess.check_call(
+        [
+            '/usr/bin/sqlite3',
+            path,
+            command,
+            '.exit',
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+DEFAULT_HOOK_NAMES = {'postgresql', 'mariadb', 'mysql', 'mongodb', 'sqlite'}
+
+
+def create_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=False):
+    '''
+    Create test tables for borgmatic to dump and backup.
+    '''
+    command = 'create table test{id} (thing int); insert into test{id} values (1);'
+
+    if 'postgresql_databases' in config:
+        run_postgresql_command(command.format(id=1), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mariadb_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=2), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mysql_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=3), config, use_restore_options, binary_name='mysql')
+    if 'mongodb_databases' in config:
+        get_mongodb_database_client(config, use_restore_options)['test4'].insert_one({'thing': 1})
+    if 'sqlite_databases' in config:
+        run_sqlite_command(command.format(id=5), config, use_restore_options)
+
+
+def drop_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=False):
+    '''
+    Drop the test tables in preparation for borgmatic restoring them.
+    '''
+    command = 'drop table if exists test{id};'
+
+    if 'postgresql_databases' in config:
+        run_postgresql_command(command.format(id=1), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mariadb_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=2), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mysql_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=3), config, use_restore_options, binary_name='mysql')
+    if 'mongodb_databases' in config:
+        get_mongodb_database_client(config, use_restore_options)['test4'].drop()
+    if 'sqlite_databases' in config:
+        run_sqlite_command(command.format(id=5), config, use_restore_options)
+
+
+def select_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=False):
+    '''
+    Select the test tables to make sure they exist.
+
+    Raise if the expected tables cannot be selected, for instance if a restore hasn't worked as
+    expected.
+    '''
+    command = 'select count(*) from test{id};'
+
+    if 'postgresql_databases' in config:
+        run_postgresql_command(command.format(id=1), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mariadb_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=2), config, use_restore_options)
+    if 'mysql_databases' in config:
+        run_mariadb_command(command.format(id=3), config, use_restore_options, binary_name='mysql')
+    if 'mongodb_databases' in config:
+        assert (
+            get_mongodb_database_client(config, use_restore_options)['test4'].count_documents(
+                filter={}
+            )
+            > 0
+        )
+    if 'sqlite_databases' in config:
+        run_sqlite_command(command.format(id=5), config, use_restore_options)
 
 
 def test_database_dump_and_restore():
@@ -188,15 +356,17 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore():
 
     try:
         config_path = os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'test.yaml')
-        write_configuration(
+        config = write_configuration(
             temporary_directory, config_path, repository_path, borgmatic_source_directory
         )
+        create_test_tables(config)
+        select_test_tables(config)
 
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'rcreate', '--encryption', 'repokey']
         )
 
-        # Run borgmatic to generate a backup archive including a database dump.
+        # Run borgmatic to generate a backup archive including database dumps.
         subprocess.check_call(['borgmatic', 'create', '--config', config_path, '-v', '2'])
 
         # Get the created archive name.
@@ -209,16 +379,21 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore():
         assert len(parsed_output[0]['archives']) == 1
         archive_name = parsed_output[0]['archives'][0]['archive']
 
-        # Restore the database from the archive.
+        # Restore the databases from the archive.
+        drop_test_tables(config)
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'restore', '--archive', archive_name]
         )
+
+        # Ensure the test tables have actually been restored.
+        select_test_tables(config)
     finally:
         os.chdir(original_working_directory)
         shutil.rmtree(temporary_directory)
+        drop_test_tables(config)
 
 
-def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_cli_arguments():
+def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_cli_flags():
     # Create a Borg repository.
     temporary_directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
     repository_path = os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'test.borg')
@@ -228,9 +403,11 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_cli_arguments():
 
     try:
         config_path = os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'test.yaml')
-        write_simple_custom_restore_configuration(
+        config = write_simple_custom_restore_configuration(
             temporary_directory, config_path, repository_path, borgmatic_source_directory
         )
+        create_test_tables(config)
+        select_test_tables(config)
 
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'rcreate', '--encryption', 'repokey']
@@ -250,6 +427,7 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_cli_arguments():
         archive_name = parsed_output[0]['archives'][0]['archive']
 
         # Restore the database from the archive.
+        drop_test_tables(config)
         subprocess.check_call(
             [
                 'borgmatic',
@@ -264,15 +442,25 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_cli_arguments():
                 'postgresql2',
                 '--port',
                 '5433',
-                '--username',
-                'postgres2',
                 '--password',
                 'test2',
             ]
         )
+
+        # Ensure the test tables have actually been restored. But first modify the config to contain
+        # the altered restore values from the borgmatic command above. This ensures that the test
+        # tables are selected from the correct database.
+        database = config['postgresql_databases'][0]
+        database['restore_hostname'] = 'postgresql2'
+        database['restore_port'] = '5433'
+        database['restore_password'] = 'test2'
+
+        select_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=True)
     finally:
         os.chdir(original_working_directory)
         shutil.rmtree(temporary_directory)
+        drop_test_tables(config)
+        drop_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=True)
 
 
 def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_configuration_options():
@@ -285,9 +473,11 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_configuration_options():
 
     try:
         config_path = os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'test.yaml')
-        write_custom_restore_configuration(
+        config = write_custom_restore_configuration(
             temporary_directory, config_path, repository_path, borgmatic_source_directory
         )
+        create_test_tables(config)
+        select_test_tables(config)
 
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'rcreate', '--encryption', 'repokey']
@@ -307,12 +497,18 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_restore_configuration_options():
         archive_name = parsed_output[0]['archives'][0]['archive']
 
         # Restore the database from the archive.
+        drop_test_tables(config)
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'restore', '--archive', archive_name]
         )
+
+        # Ensure the test tables have actually been restored.
+        select_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=True)
     finally:
         os.chdir(original_working_directory)
         shutil.rmtree(temporary_directory)
+        drop_test_tables(config)
+        drop_test_tables(config, use_restore_options=True)
 
 
 def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_directory_format():
@@ -325,7 +521,7 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_directory_format():
 
     try:
         config_path = os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'test.yaml')
-        write_configuration(
+        config = write_configuration(
             temporary_directory,
             config_path,
             repository_path,
@@ -333,6 +529,8 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_directory_format():
             postgresql_dump_format='directory',
             mongodb_dump_format='directory',
         )
+        create_test_tables(config)
+        select_test_tables(config)
 
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '-v', '2', '--config', config_path, 'rcreate', '--encryption', 'repokey']
@@ -342,12 +540,17 @@ def test_database_dump_and_restore_with_directory_format():
         subprocess.check_call(['borgmatic', 'create', '--config', config_path, '-v', '2'])
 
         # Restore the database from the archive.
+        drop_test_tables(config)
         subprocess.check_call(
             ['borgmatic', '--config', config_path, 'restore', '--archive', 'latest']
         )
+
+        # Ensure the test tables have actually been restored.
+        select_test_tables(config)
     finally:
         os.chdir(original_working_directory)
         shutil.rmtree(temporary_directory)
+        drop_test_tables(config)
 
 
 def test_database_dump_with_error_causes_borgmatic_to_exit():

tests/end-to-end/test_invalid_flag.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def test_borgmatic_command_with_invalid_flag_shows_error_but_not_traceback():
+    output = subprocess.run(
+        'borgmatic -v 2 --invalid'.split(' '), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT
+    ).stdout.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
+
+    assert 'Unrecognized argument' in output
+    assert 'Traceback' not in output

tests/integration/borg/test_commands.py

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ def assert_command_does_not_duplicate_flags(command, *args, **kwargs):
         flag_name: 1 for flag_name in flag_counts
     }, f"Duplicate flags found in: {' '.join(command)}"
 
+    if '--json' in command:
+        return '{}'
+
 
 def fuzz_argument(arguments, argument_name):
     '''

tests/integration/commands/test_arguments.py

@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_no_arguments_uses_defaults():
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == config_paths
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == -2
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 1
+    assert global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity == 1
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_multiple_config_flags_parses_as_list():
@@ -25,8 +26,9 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_multiple_config_flags_parses_as_list():
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == ['myconfig', 'otherconfig']
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == -2
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 1
+    assert global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity == 1
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_action_after_config_path_omits_action():
@@ -71,8 +73,9 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_verbosity_overrides_default():
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == config_paths
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 1
-    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == -2
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 1
+    assert global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity == 1
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_syslog_verbosity_overrides_default():
@@ -85,6 +88,8 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_syslog_verbosity_overrides_default():
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == config_paths
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
     assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 2
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 1
+    assert global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity == 1
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_log_file_verbosity_overrides_default():
@@ -96,8 +101,9 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_log_file_verbosity_overrides_default():
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == config_paths
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
-    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == -2
     assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == -1
+    assert global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity == 1
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_single_override_parses():
@@ -616,3 +622,16 @@ def test_parse_arguments_config_with_subaction_and_explicit_config_file_does_not
     module.parse_arguments(
         'config', 'bootstrap', '--repository', 'repo.borg', '--config', 'test.yaml'
     )
+
+
+def test_parse_arguments_with_borg_action_and_dry_run_raises():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module.parse_arguments('--dry-run', 'borg', 'list')
+
+
+def test_parse_arguments_with_borg_action_and_no_dry_run_does_not_raise():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    module.parse_arguments('borg', 'list')

tests/integration/config/test_load.py

@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ def test_load_configuration_replaces_complex_constants():
     assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml') == {'key': {'subkey': 'value'}}
 
 
+def test_load_configuration_with_only_integer_value_does_not_raise():
+    builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
+    config_file = io.StringIO('33')
+    config_file.name = 'config.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('config.yaml').and_return(config_file)
+    assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml') == 33
+
+
 def test_load_configuration_inlines_include_relative_to_current_directory():
     builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
@@ -124,6 +132,37 @@ def test_load_configuration_raises_if_absolute_include_does_not_exist():
         assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml')
 
 
+def test_load_configuration_inlines_multiple_file_include_as_list():
+    builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('isabs').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    include1_file = io.StringIO('value1')
+    include1_file.name = '/root/include1.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('/root/include1.yaml').and_return(include1_file)
+    include2_file = io.StringIO('value2')
+    include2_file.name = '/root/include2.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('/root/include2.yaml').and_return(include2_file)
+    config_file = io.StringIO('key: !include [/root/include1.yaml, /root/include2.yaml]')
+    config_file.name = 'config.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('config.yaml').and_return(config_file)
+
+    assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml') == {'key': ['value2', 'value1']}
+
+
+def test_load_configuration_include_with_unsupported_filename_type_raises():
+    builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('isabs').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    config_file = io.StringIO('key: !include {path: /root/include.yaml}')
+    config_file.name = 'config.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('config.yaml').and_return(config_file)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module.load_configuration('config.yaml')
+
+
 def test_load_configuration_merges_include():
     builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
@@ -149,6 +188,43 @@ def test_load_configuration_merges_include():
     assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml') == {'foo': 'override', 'baz': 'quux'}
 
 
+def test_load_configuration_merges_multiple_file_include():
+    builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('isabs').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
+    include1_file = io.StringIO(
+        '''
+        foo: bar
+        baz: quux
+        original: yes
+        '''
+    )
+    include1_file.name = 'include1.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('/tmp/include1.yaml').and_return(include1_file)
+    include2_file = io.StringIO(
+        '''
+        baz: second
+        '''
+    )
+    include2_file.name = 'include2.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('/tmp/include2.yaml').and_return(include2_file)
+    config_file = io.StringIO(
+        '''
+        foo: override
+        <<: !include [include1.yaml, include2.yaml]
+        '''
+    )
+    config_file.name = 'config.yaml'
+    builtins.should_receive('open').with_args('config.yaml').and_return(config_file)
+
+    assert module.load_configuration('config.yaml') == {
+        'foo': 'override',
+        'baz': 'second',
+        'original': 'yes',
+    }
+
+
 def test_load_configuration_with_retain_tag_merges_include_but_keeps_local_values():
     builtins = flexmock(sys.modules['builtins'])
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getcwd').and_return('/tmp')
@@ -438,8 +514,9 @@ def test_raise_omit_node_error_raises():
         module.raise_omit_node_error(loader=flexmock(), node=flexmock())
 
 
-def test_filter_omitted_nodes():
-    nodes = [
+def test_filter_omitted_nodes_discards_values_with_omit_tag_and_also_equal_values():
+    nodes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
+    values = [
         module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='a'),
         module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='b'),
         module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='c'),
@@ -448,11 +525,139 @@ def test_filter_omitted_nodes():
         module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='c'),
     ]
 
-    result = module.filter_omitted_nodes(nodes)
+    result = module.filter_omitted_nodes(nodes, values)
 
     assert [item.value for item in result] == ['a', 'c', 'a', 'c']
 
 
+def test_filter_omitted_nodes_keeps_all_values_when_given_only_one_node():
+    nodes = [flexmock()]
+    values = [
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='a'),
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='b'),
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='c'),
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='a'),
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='!omit', value='b'),
+        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='c'),
+    ]
+
+    result = module.filter_omitted_nodes(nodes, values)
+
+    assert [item.value for item in result] == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c']
+
+
+def test_merge_values_combines_mapping_values():
+    nodes = [
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+                value=[
+                    (
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_hourly'
+                        ),
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='24'
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_daily'
+                        ),
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='7'),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+                value=[
+                    (
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_daily'
+                        ),
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='25'
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+                value=[
+                    (
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='keep_nanosecondly'
+                        ),
+                        module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(
+                            tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='1000'
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    values = module.merge_values(nodes)
+
+    assert len(values) == 4
+    assert values[0][0].value == 'keep_hourly'
+    assert values[0][1].value == '24'
+    assert values[1][0].value == 'keep_daily'
+    assert values[1][1].value == '7'
+    assert values[2][0].value == 'keep_daily'
+    assert values[2][1].value == '25'
+    assert values[3][0].value == 'keep_nanosecondly'
+    assert values[3][1].value == '1000'
+
+
+def test_merge_values_combines_sequence_values():
+    nodes = [
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:seq',
+                value=[
+                    module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='1'),
+                    module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='2'),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:seq',
+                value=[
+                    module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='3'),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:str', value='option'),
+            module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
+                tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:seq',
+                value=[
+                    module.ruamel.yaml.nodes.ScalarNode(tag='tag:yaml.org,2002:int', value='4'),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    values = module.merge_values(nodes)
+
+    assert len(values) == 4
+    assert values[0].value == '1'
+    assert values[1].value == '2'
+    assert values[2].value == '3'
+    assert values[3].value == '4'
+
+
 def test_deep_merge_nodes_replaces_colliding_scalar_values():
     node_values = [
         (
@@ -499,10 +704,10 @@ def test_deep_merge_nodes_replaces_colliding_scalar_values():
     assert section_key.value == 'retention'
     options = section_value.value
     assert len(options) == 2
-    assert options[0][0].value == 'keep_hourly'
-    assert options[0][1].value == '24'
-    assert options[1][0].value == 'keep_daily'
-    assert options[1][1].value == '5'
+    assert options[0][0].value == 'keep_daily'
+    assert options[0][1].value == '5'
+    assert options[1][0].value == 'keep_hourly'
+    assert options[1][1].value == '24'
 
 
 def test_deep_merge_nodes_keeps_non_colliding_scalar_values():
@@ -553,10 +758,10 @@ def test_deep_merge_nodes_keeps_non_colliding_scalar_values():
     assert section_key.value == 'retention'
     options = section_value.value
     assert len(options) == 3
-    assert options[0][0].value == 'keep_hourly'
-    assert options[0][1].value == '24'
-    assert options[1][0].value == 'keep_daily'
-    assert options[1][1].value == '7'
+    assert options[0][0].value == 'keep_daily'
+    assert options[0][1].value == '7'
+    assert options[1][0].value == 'keep_hourly'
+    assert options[1][1].value == '24'
     assert options[2][0].value == 'keep_minutely'
     assert options[2][1].value == '10'
 
@@ -629,10 +834,10 @@ def test_deep_merge_nodes_keeps_deeply_nested_values():
     assert section_key.value == 'storage'
     options = section_value.value
     assert len(options) == 2
-    assert options[0][0].value == 'lock_wait'
-    assert options[0][1].value == '5'
-    assert options[1][0].value == 'extra_borg_options'
-    nested_options = options[1][1].value
+    assert options[0][0].value == 'extra_borg_options'
+    assert options[1][0].value == 'lock_wait'
+    assert options[1][1].value == '5'
+    nested_options = options[0][1].value
     assert len(nested_options) == 2
     assert nested_options[0][0].value == 'init'
     assert nested_options[0][1].value == '--init-option'

tests/integration/config/test_validate.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def test_parse_configuration_with_schema_lacking_examples_does_not_raise():
     module.parse_configuration('/tmp/config.yaml', '/tmp/schema.yaml')
 
 
-def test_parse_configuration_inlines_include():
+def test_parse_configuration_inlines_include_inside_deprecated_section():
     mock_config_and_schema(
         '''
         source_directories:

tests/integration/hooks/test_loki.py

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import logging
+import platform
+
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import loki as module
+
+
+def test_initialize_monitor_replaces_labels():
+    '''
+    Assert that label placeholders get replaced.
+    '''
+    hook_config = {
+        'url': 'http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push',
+        'labels': {'hostname': '__hostname', 'config': '__config', 'config_full': '__config_path'},
+    }
+    config_filename = '/mock/path/test.yaml'
+    dry_run = True
+    module.initialize_monitor(hook_config, flexmock(), config_filename, flexmock(), dry_run)
+
+    for handler in tuple(logging.getLogger().handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, module.Loki_log_handler):
+            assert handler.buffer.root['streams'][0]['stream']['hostname'] == platform.node()
+            assert handler.buffer.root['streams'][0]['stream']['config'] == 'test.yaml'
+            assert handler.buffer.root['streams'][0]['stream']['config_full'] == config_filename
+            return
+
+    assert False
+
+
+def test_initialize_monitor_adds_log_handler():
+    '''
+    Assert that calling initialize_monitor adds our logger to the root logger.
+    '''
+    hook_config = {'url': 'http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push', 'labels': {'app': 'borgmatic'}}
+    module.initialize_monitor(
+        hook_config,
+        flexmock(),
+        config_filename='test.yaml',
+        monitoring_log_level=flexmock(),
+        dry_run=True,
+    )
+
+    for handler in tuple(logging.getLogger().handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, module.Loki_log_handler):
+            return
+
+    assert False
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_adds_log_message():
+    '''
+    Assert that calling ping_monitor adds a message to our logger.
+    '''
+    hook_config = {'url': 'http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push', 'labels': {'app': 'borgmatic'}}
+    config_filename = 'test.yaml'
+    dry_run = True
+    module.initialize_monitor(hook_config, flexmock(), config_filename, flexmock(), dry_run)
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        hook_config, flexmock(), config_filename, module.monitor.State.FINISH, flexmock(), dry_run
+    )
+
+    for handler in tuple(logging.getLogger().handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, module.Loki_log_handler):
+            assert any(
+                map(
+                    lambda log: log
+                    == f'{config_filename}: {module.MONITOR_STATE_TO_LOKI[module.monitor.State.FINISH]} backup',
+                    map(lambda x: x[1], handler.buffer.root['streams'][0]['values']),
+                )
+            )
+            return
+
+    assert False
+
+
+def test_destroy_monitor_removes_log_handler():
+    '''
+    Assert that destroy_monitor removes the logger from the root logger.
+    '''
+    hook_config = {'url': 'http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push', 'labels': {'app': 'borgmatic'}}
+    config_filename = 'test.yaml'
+    dry_run = True
+    module.initialize_monitor(hook_config, flexmock(), config_filename, flexmock(), dry_run)
+    module.destroy_monitor(hook_config, flexmock(), config_filename, flexmock(), dry_run)
+
+    for handler in tuple(logging.getLogger().handlers):
+        if isinstance(handler, module.Loki_log_handler):
+            assert False

tests/unit/actions/test_create.py

@@ -40,6 +40,41 @@ def test_run_create_executes_and_calls_hooks_for_configured_repository():
     )
 
 
+def test_run_create_with_store_config_files_false_does_not_create_borgmatic_manifest():
+    flexmock(module.logger).answer = lambda message: None
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.validate).should_receive('repositories_match').never()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.create).should_receive('create_archive').once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('create_borgmatic_manifest').never()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.command).should_receive('execute_hook').times(2)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dispatch).should_receive('call_hooks').and_return({})
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dispatch).should_receive(
+        'call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured'
+    ).and_return({})
+    create_arguments = flexmock(
+        repository=None,
+        progress=flexmock(),
+        stats=flexmock(),
+        json=flexmock(),
+        list_files=flexmock(),
+    )
+    global_arguments = flexmock(monitoring_verbosity=1, dry_run=False, used_config_paths=[])
+
+    list(
+        module.run_create(
+            config_filename='test.yaml',
+            repository={'path': 'repo'},
+            config={'store_config_files': False},
+            hook_context={},
+            local_borg_version=None,
+            create_arguments=create_arguments,
+            global_arguments=global_arguments,
+            dry_run_label='',
+            local_path=None,
+            remote_path=None,
+        )
+    )
+
+
 def test_run_create_runs_with_selected_repository():
     flexmock(module.logger).answer = lambda message: None
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.validate).should_receive(

tests/unit/actions/test_export_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.actions import export_key as module
+
+
+def test_run_export_key_does_not_raise():
+    flexmock(module.logger).answer = lambda message: None
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.validate).should_receive('repositories_match').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.export_key).should_receive('export_key')
+    export_arguments = flexmock(repository=flexmock())
+
+    module.run_export_key(
+        repository={'path': 'repo'},
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version=None,
+        export_arguments=export_arguments,
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+        local_path=None,
+        remote_path=None,
+    )

tests/unit/actions/test_restore.py

@@ -4,60 +4,71 @@ from flexmock import flexmock
 import borgmatic.actions.restore as module
 
 
-def test_get_configured_database_matches_database_by_name():
-    assert module.get_configured_database(
+def test_get_configured_data_source_matches_data_source_by_name():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
         config={
             'other_databases': [{'name': 'other'}],
             'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}],
         },
-        archive_database_names={'postgresql_databases': ['other', 'foo', 'bar']},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['other', 'foo', 'bar']},
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
+        data_source_name='bar',
     ) == ('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'bar'})
 
 
-def test_get_configured_database_matches_nothing_when_database_name_not_configured():
-    assert module.get_configured_database(
-        config={'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]},
-        archive_database_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
+def test_get_configured_data_source_matches_nothing_when_nothing_configured():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
+        config={},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='quux',
+        data_source_name='quux',
     ) == (None, None)
 
 
-def test_get_configured_database_matches_nothing_when_database_name_not_in_archive():
-    assert module.get_configured_database(
+def test_get_configured_data_source_matches_nothing_when_data_source_name_not_configured():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
         config={'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]},
-        archive_database_names={'postgresql_databases': ['bar']},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source_name='quux',
     ) == (None, None)
 
 
-def test_get_configured_database_matches_database_by_configuration_database_name():
-    assert module.get_configured_database(
+def test_get_configured_data_source_matches_nothing_when_data_source_name_not_in_archive():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
+        config={'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['bar']},
+        hook_name='postgresql_databases',
+        data_source_name='foo',
+    ) == (None, None)
+
+
+def test_get_configured_data_source_matches_data_source_by_configuration_data_source_name():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
         config={'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'all'}, {'name': 'bar'}]},
-        archive_database_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='foo',
-        configuration_database_name='all',
+        data_source_name='foo',
+        configuration_data_source_name='all',
     ) == ('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'all'})
 
 
-def test_get_configured_database_with_unspecified_hook_matches_database_by_name():
-    assert module.get_configured_database(
+def test_get_configured_data_source_with_unspecified_hook_matches_data_source_by_name():
+    assert module.get_configured_data_source(
         config={
             'other_databases': [{'name': 'other'}],
             'postgresql_databases': [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}],
         },
-        archive_database_names={'postgresql_databases': ['other', 'foo', 'bar']},
+        archive_data_source_names={'postgresql_databases': ['other', 'foo', 'bar']},
         hook_name=module.UNSPECIFIED_HOOK,
-        database_name='bar',
+        data_source_name='bar',
     ) == ('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'bar'})
 
 
-def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_archive_paths():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_path').and_return('')
+def test_collect_archive_data_source_names_parses_archive_paths():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_path').and_return(
+        ''
+    )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.list).should_receive('capture_archive_listing').and_return(
         [
             '.borgmatic/postgresql_databases/localhost/foo',
@@ -66,7 +77,7 @@ def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_archive_paths():
         ]
     )
 
-    archive_database_names = module.collect_archive_database_names(
+    archive_data_source_names = module.collect_archive_data_source_names(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
         archive='archive',
         config={'borgmatic_source_directory': '.borgmatic'},
@@ -76,14 +87,16 @@ def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_archive_paths():
         remote_path=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert archive_database_names == {
+    assert archive_data_source_names == {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar'],
         'mysql_databases': ['quux'],
     }
 
 
-def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_directory_format_archive_paths():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_path').and_return('')
+def test_collect_archive_data_source_names_parses_directory_format_archive_paths():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_path').and_return(
+        ''
+    )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.list).should_receive('capture_archive_listing').and_return(
         [
             '.borgmatic/postgresql_databases/localhost/foo/table1',
@@ -91,7 +104,7 @@ def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_directory_format_archive_paths():
         ]
     )
 
-    archive_database_names = module.collect_archive_database_names(
+    archive_data_source_names = module.collect_archive_data_source_names(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
         archive='archive',
         config={'borgmatic_source_directory': '.borgmatic'},
@@ -101,18 +114,20 @@ def test_collect_archive_database_names_parses_directory_format_archive_paths():
         remote_path=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert archive_database_names == {
+    assert archive_data_source_names == {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo'],
     }
 
 
-def test_collect_archive_database_names_skips_bad_archive_paths():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_path').and_return('')
+def test_collect_archive_data_source_names_skips_bad_archive_paths():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_path').and_return(
+        ''
+    )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.list).should_receive('capture_archive_listing').and_return(
         ['.borgmatic/postgresql_databases/localhost/foo', '.borgmatic/invalid', 'invalid/as/well']
     )
 
-    archive_database_names = module.collect_archive_database_names(
+    archive_data_source_names = module.collect_archive_data_source_names(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
         archive='archive',
         config={'borgmatic_source_directory': '.borgmatic'},
@@ -122,96 +137,96 @@ def test_collect_archive_database_names_skips_bad_archive_paths():
         remote_path=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert archive_database_names == {
+    assert archive_data_source_names == {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo'],
     }
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_passes_through_requested_names_found_in_archive():
-    restore_names = module.find_databases_to_restore(
-        requested_database_names=['foo', 'bar'],
-        archive_database_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']},
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_passes_through_requested_names_found_in_archive():
+    restore_names = module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+        requested_data_source_names=['foo', 'bar'],
+        archive_data_source_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']},
     )
 
     assert restore_names == {module.UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: ['foo', 'bar']}
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_raises_for_requested_names_missing_from_archive():
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_raises_for_requested_names_missing_from_archive():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.find_databases_to_restore(
-            requested_database_names=['foo', 'bar'],
-            archive_database_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo']},
+        module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+            requested_data_source_names=['foo', 'bar'],
+            archive_data_source_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo']},
         )
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_without_requested_names_finds_all_archive_databases():
-    archive_database_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_without_requested_names_finds_all_archive_data_sources():
+    archive_data_source_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
 
-    restore_names = module.find_databases_to_restore(
-        requested_database_names=[],
-        archive_database_names=archive_database_names,
+    restore_names = module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+        requested_data_source_names=[],
+        archive_data_source_names=archive_data_source_names,
     )
 
-    assert restore_names == archive_database_names
+    assert restore_names == archive_data_source_names
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_with_all_in_requested_names_finds_all_archive_databases():
-    archive_database_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_with_all_in_requested_names_finds_all_archive_data_sources():
+    archive_data_source_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
 
-    restore_names = module.find_databases_to_restore(
-        requested_database_names=['all'],
-        archive_database_names=archive_database_names,
+    restore_names = module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+        requested_data_source_names=['all'],
+        archive_data_source_names=archive_data_source_names,
     )
 
-    assert restore_names == archive_database_names
+    assert restore_names == archive_data_source_names
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_with_all_in_requested_names_plus_additional_requested_names_omits_duplicates():
-    archive_database_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_with_all_in_requested_names_plus_additional_requested_names_omits_duplicates():
+    archive_data_source_names = {'postresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar']}
 
-    restore_names = module.find_databases_to_restore(
-        requested_database_names=['all', 'foo', 'bar'],
-        archive_database_names=archive_database_names,
+    restore_names = module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+        requested_data_source_names=['all', 'foo', 'bar'],
+        archive_data_source_names=archive_data_source_names,
     )
 
-    assert restore_names == archive_database_names
+    assert restore_names == archive_data_source_names
 
 
-def test_find_databases_to_restore_raises_for_all_in_requested_names_and_requested_named_missing_from_archives():
+def test_find_data_sources_to_restore_raises_for_all_in_requested_names_and_requested_named_missing_from_archives():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.find_databases_to_restore(
-            requested_database_names=['all', 'foo', 'bar'],
-            archive_database_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo']},
+        module.find_data_sources_to_restore(
+            requested_data_source_names=['all', 'foo', 'bar'],
+            archive_data_source_names={'postresql_databases': ['foo']},
         )
 
 
-def test_ensure_databases_found_with_all_databases_found_does_not_raise():
-    module.ensure_databases_found(
+def test_ensure_data_sources_found_with_all_data_sources_found_does_not_raise():
+    module.ensure_data_sources_found(
         restore_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
         remaining_restore_names={'postgresql_databases': ['bar']},
         found_names=['foo', 'bar'],
     )
 
 
-def test_ensure_databases_found_with_no_databases_raises():
+def test_ensure_data_sources_found_with_no_data_sources_raises():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.ensure_databases_found(
+        module.ensure_data_sources_found(
             restore_names={'postgresql_databases': []},
             remaining_restore_names={},
             found_names=[],
         )
 
 
-def test_ensure_databases_found_with_missing_databases_raises():
+def test_ensure_data_sources_found_with_missing_data_sources_raises():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.ensure_databases_found(
+        module.ensure_data_sources_found(
             restore_names={'postgresql_databases': ['foo']},
             remaining_restore_names={'postgresql_databases': ['bar']},
             found_names=['foo'],
         )
 
 
-def test_run_restore_restores_each_database():
+def test_run_restore_restores_each_data_source():
     restore_names = {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar'],
     }
@@ -221,12 +236,12 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_each_database():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.rlist).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return(
         flexmock()
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_database_names').and_return(flexmock())
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_databases_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').and_return(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_data_source_names').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_data_sources_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').and_return(
         ('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'foo'})
     ).and_return(('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'bar'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -235,10 +250,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_each_database():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -247,10 +262,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_each_database():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_databases_found')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_data_sources_found')
 
     module.run_restore(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
@@ -259,7 +274,7 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_each_database():
         restore_arguments=flexmock(
             repository='repo',
             archive='archive',
-            databases=flexmock(),
+            data_sources=flexmock(),
             schemas=None,
             hostname=None,
             port=None,
@@ -280,20 +295,20 @@ def test_run_restore_bails_for_non_matching_repository():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.hooks.dispatch).should_receive(
         'call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured'
     ).never()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').never()
 
     module.run_restore(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
         config=flexmock(),
         local_borg_version=flexmock(),
-        restore_arguments=flexmock(repository='repo', archive='archive', databases=flexmock()),
+        restore_arguments=flexmock(repository='repo', archive='archive', data_sources=flexmock()),
         global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
         local_path=flexmock(),
         remote_path=flexmock(),
     )
 
 
-def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
+def test_run_restore_restores_data_source_configured_with_all_name():
     restore_names = {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar'],
     }
@@ -303,28 +318,28 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.rlist).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return(
         flexmock()
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_database_names').and_return(flexmock())
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_databases_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_data_source_names').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_data_sources_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source_name='foo',
     ).and_return(('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'foo'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
+        data_source_name='bar',
     ).and_return((None, None))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
-        configuration_database_name='all',
+        data_source_name='bar',
+        configuration_data_source_name='all',
     ).and_return(('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'bar'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -333,10 +348,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -345,10 +360,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_databases_found')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_data_sources_found')
 
     module.run_restore(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
@@ -357,7 +372,7 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
         restore_arguments=flexmock(
             repository='repo',
             archive='archive',
-            databases=flexmock(),
+            data_sources=flexmock(),
             schemas=None,
             hostname=None,
             port=None,
@@ -371,7 +386,7 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_database_configured_with_all_name():
     )
 
 
-def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
+def test_run_restore_skips_missing_data_source():
     restore_names = {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo', 'bar'],
     }
@@ -381,28 +396,28 @@ def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.rlist).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return(
         flexmock()
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_database_names').and_return(flexmock())
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_databases_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_data_source_names').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_data_sources_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source_name='foo',
     ).and_return(('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'foo'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
+        data_source_name='bar',
     ).and_return((None, None))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
-        configuration_database_name='all',
+        data_source_name='bar',
+        configuration_data_source_name='all',
     ).and_return((None, None))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -411,10 +426,10 @@ def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -423,10 +438,10 @@ def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).never()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_databases_found')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_data_sources_found')
 
     module.run_restore(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
@@ -435,7 +450,7 @@ def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
         restore_arguments=flexmock(
             repository='repo',
             archive='archive',
-            databases=flexmock(),
+            data_sources=flexmock(),
             schemas=None,
             hostname=None,
             port=None,
@@ -449,7 +464,7 @@ def test_run_restore_skips_missing_database():
     )
 
 
-def test_run_restore_restores_databases_from_different_hooks():
+def test_run_restore_restores_data_sources_from_different_hooks():
     restore_names = {
         'postgresql_databases': ['foo'],
         'mysql_databases': ['bar'],
@@ -460,21 +475,21 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_databases_from_different_hooks():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.rlist).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return(
         flexmock()
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_database_names').and_return(flexmock())
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_databases_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_archive_data_source_names').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('find_data_sources_to_restore').and_return(restore_names)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source_name='foo',
     ).and_return(('postgresql_databases', {'name': 'foo'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('get_configured_data_source').with_args(
         config=object,
-        archive_database_names=object,
+        archive_data_source_names=object,
         hook_name='mysql_databases',
-        database_name='bar',
+        data_source_name='bar',
     ).and_return(('mysql_databases', {'name': 'bar'}))
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -483,10 +498,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_databases_from_different_hooks():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='postgresql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_database').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('restore_single_data_source').with_args(
         repository=object,
         config=object,
         local_borg_version=object,
@@ -495,10 +510,10 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_databases_from_different_hooks():
         remote_path=object,
         archive_name=object,
         hook_name='mysql_databases',
-        database={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
+        data_source={'name': 'bar', 'schemas': None},
         connection_params=object,
     ).once()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_databases_found')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_data_sources_found')
 
     module.run_restore(
         repository={'path': 'repo'},
@@ -507,7 +522,7 @@ def test_run_restore_restores_databases_from_different_hooks():
         restore_arguments=flexmock(
             repository='repo',
             archive='archive',
-            databases=flexmock(),
+            data_sources=flexmock(),
             schemas=None,
             hostname=None,
             port=None,

tests/unit/borg/test_create.py

@@ -647,6 +647,53 @@ def test_create_archive_with_sources_and_used_config_paths_calls_borg_with_sourc
     )
 
 
+def test_create_archive_with_sources_and_used_config_paths_with_store_config_files_false_calls_borg_with_sources_and_no_config_paths():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('deduplicate_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('map_directories_to_devices').and_return({})
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directories').with_args([]).and_return(())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directories').with_args(('foo', 'bar')).and_return(
+        ('foo', 'bar')
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directories').with_args([]).and_return(())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('pattern_root_directories').and_return([])
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_raise(TypeError)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_home_directories').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_list_filter_flags').and_return('FOO')
+    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('ensure_files_readable')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_pattern_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
+        (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}',)
+    )
+    environment = {'BORG_THINGY': 'YUP'}
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment').and_return(environment)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        output_file=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        working_directory=None,
+        extra_environment=environment,
+    )
+
+    module.create_archive(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={
+            'source_directories': ['foo', 'bar'],
+            'repositories': ['repo'],
+            'store_config_files': False,
+        },
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False, used_config_paths=['/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml']),
+    )
+
+
 def test_create_archive_with_exclude_patterns_calls_borg_with_excludes():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
@@ -713,7 +760,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--info',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--info') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -756,7 +803,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--json',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--json') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         working_directory=None,
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -798,7 +845,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--debug', '--show-rc'),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--debug', '--show-rc') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -841,7 +888,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--json',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--json') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         working_directory=None,
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -927,7 +974,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stats_and_dry_run_calls_borg_without_stats_paramete
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create', '--dry-run') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--info',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--dry-run', '--info') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -1802,7 +1849,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stats_calls_borg_with_stats_parameter_and_answer_ou
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--stats',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--stats') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -1888,12 +1935,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_progress_and_log_info_calls_borg_with_progress_para
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create')
-        + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS
-        + (
-            '--info',
-            '--progress',
-        ),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--info', '--progress') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -1937,7 +1979,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_progress_calls_borg_with_progress_parameter():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--progress',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--progress') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -1982,10 +2024,12 @@ def test_create_archive_with_progress_and_stream_processes_calls_borg_with_progr
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_special_file_paths').and_return(())
     create_command = (
-        ('borg', 'create', '--one-file-system', '--read-special')
-        + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS
-        + ('--progress',)
-    )
+        'borg',
+        'create',
+        '--one-file-system',
+        '--read-special',
+        '--progress',
+    ) + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         create_command + ('--dry-run', '--list'),
         processes=processes,
@@ -2111,14 +2155,14 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stream_processes_adds_special_files_to_excludes():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('collect_special_file_paths').and_return(('special',))
-    create_command = (
+    create_flags = (
         'borg',
         'create',
         '--one-file-system',
         '--read-special',
-    ) + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS
+    )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
-        create_command + ('--dry-run', '--list'),
+        create_flags + ('--dry-run', '--list') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         processes=processes,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=None,
@@ -2127,7 +2171,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stream_processes_adds_special_files_to_excludes():
         extra_environment=None,
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
-        create_command + ('--exclude-from', '/excludes'),
+        create_flags + ('--exclude-from', '/excludes') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         processes=processes,
         output_log_level=logging.INFO,
         output_file=None,
@@ -2235,7 +2279,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_parameter():
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--json',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--json') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         working_directory=None,
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -2278,7 +2322,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stats_and_json_calls_borg_without_stats_parameter()
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'create') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS + ('--json',),
+        ('borg', 'create', '--json') + REPO_ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS,
         working_directory=None,
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',

tests/unit/borg/test_environment.py

@@ -19,28 +19,36 @@ def test_make_environment_with_ssh_command_should_set_environment():
     assert environment.get('BORG_RSH') == 'ssh -C'
 
 
-def test_make_environment_without_configuration_should_only_set_default_environment():
+def test_make_environment_without_configuration_should_not_set_environment():
     environment = module.make_environment({})
 
-    assert environment == {
-        'BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK': 'no',
-        'BORG_UNKNOWN_UNENCRYPTED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK': 'no',
-        'BORG_CHECK_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING': 'NO',
-    }
+    assert environment == {}
 
 
-def test_make_environment_with_relocated_repo_access_should_override_default():
+def test_make_environment_with_relocated_repo_access_true_should_set_environment_yes():
     environment = module.make_environment({'relocated_repo_access_is_ok': True})
 
     assert environment.get('BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK') == 'yes'
 
 
-def test_make_environment_check_i_know_what_i_am_doing_should_override_default():
+def test_make_environment_with_relocated_repo_access_false_should_set_environment_no():
+    environment = module.make_environment({'relocated_repo_access_is_ok': False})
+
+    assert environment.get('BORG_RELOCATED_REPO_ACCESS_IS_OK') == 'no'
+
+
+def test_make_environment_check_i_know_what_i_am_doing_true_should_set_environment_YES():
     environment = module.make_environment({'check_i_know_what_i_am_doing': True})
 
     assert environment.get('BORG_CHECK_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING') == 'YES'
 
 
+def test_make_environment_check_i_know_what_i_am_doing_false_should_set_environment_NO():
+    environment = module.make_environment({'check_i_know_what_i_am_doing': False})
+
+    assert environment.get('BORG_CHECK_I_KNOW_WHAT_I_AM_DOING') == 'NO'
+
+
 def test_make_environment_with_integer_variable_value():
     environment = module.make_environment({'borg_files_cache_ttl': 40})
     assert environment.get('BORG_FILES_CACHE_TTL') == '40'

tests/unit/borg/test_export_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+import borgmatic.logger
+from borgmatic.borg import export_key as module
+
+from ..test_verbosity import insert_logging_mock
+
+
+def insert_execute_command_mock(command, output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE):
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        command,
+        output_file=output_file,
+        output_log_level=module.logging.ANSWER,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+        remote_path='borg1',
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--umask', '0770', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={'umask': '0770'},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=True),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={'lock_wait': '5'},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
+    insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--paper', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=True, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flag():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--paper', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=True, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_qr_html_flag():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--qr-html', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=True, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_path_argument():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo', 'dest'), output_file=None)
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path='dest'),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_with_already_existent_path_raises():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+        module.export_key(
+            repository_path='repo',
+            config={},
+            local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+            export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path='dest'),
+            global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+        )
+
+
+def test_export_key_with_stdout_path_calls_borg_without_path_argument():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'))
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path='-'),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False, log_json=False),
+    )
+
+
+def test_export_key_with_dry_run_skip_borg_call():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    module.export_key(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=True, log_json=False),
+    )

tests/unit/borg/test_flags.py

@@ -86,28 +86,28 @@ def test_make_repository_archive_flags_with_borg_features_joins_repository_and_a
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    'match_archives, archive_name_format,feature_available,expected_result',
+    'match_archives,archive_name_format,feature_available,expected_result',
     (
-        (None, None, True, ()),
-        (None, '', True, ()),
+        (None, None, True, ('--match-archives', 'sh:{hostname}-*')),  # noqa: FS003
+        (None, '', True, ('--match-archives', 'sh:{hostname}-*')),  # noqa: FS003
         (
             're:foo-.*',
-            '{hostname}-{now}',
+            '{hostname}-{now}',  # noqa: FS003
             True,
             ('--match-archives', 're:foo-.*'),
-        ),  # noqa: FS003
+        ),
         (
             'sh:foo-*',
-            '{hostname}-{now}',
+            '{hostname}-{now}',  # noqa: FS003
             False,
             ('--glob-archives', 'foo-*'),
-        ),  # noqa: FS003
+        ),
         (
             'foo-*',
-            '{hostname}-{now}',
+            '{hostname}-{now}',  # noqa: FS003
             False,
             ('--glob-archives', 'foo-*'),
-        ),  # noqa: FS003
+        ),
         (
             None,
             '{hostname}-docs-{now}',  # noqa: FS003
@@ -133,7 +133,24 @@ def test_make_repository_archive_flags_with_borg_features_joins_repository_and_a
             False,
             ('--glob-archives', '{hostname}-docs-*'),  # noqa: FS003
         ),
-        (None, '{utcnow}-docs-{user}', False, ('--glob-archives', '*-docs-{user}')),  # noqa: FS003
+        (
+            None,
+            '{now}',  # noqa: FS003
+            False,
+            (),
+        ),
+        (
+            None,
+            '{now}',  # noqa: FS003
+            True,
+            (),
+        ),
+        (
+            None,
+            '{utcnow}-docs-{user}',  # noqa: FS003
+            False,
+            ('--glob-archives', '*-docs-{user}'),  # noqa: FS003
+        ),
     ),
 )
 def test_make_match_archives_flags_makes_flags_with_globs(
@@ -147,3 +164,53 @@ def test_make_match_archives_flags_makes_flags_with_globs(
         )
         == expected_result
     )
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_without_archive_flags_bails():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').never()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(('borg', '--do-stuff'), '{}')
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_glob_archives_and_zero_archives_warns():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').twice()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(
+        ('borg', '--glob-archives', 'foo*'), '{"archives": []}'
+    )
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_match_archives_and_zero_archives_warns():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').twice()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(
+        ('borg', '--match-archives', 'foo*'), '{"archives": []}'
+    )
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_glob_archives_and_one_archive_does_not_warn():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').never()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(
+        ('borg', '--glob-archives', 'foo*'), '{"archives": [{"name": "foo"]}'
+    )
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_match_archives_and_one_archive_does_not_warn():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').never()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(
+        ('borg', '--match-archives', 'foo*'), '{"archives": [{"name": "foo"]}'
+    )
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_glob_archives_and_invalid_json_does_not_warn():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').never()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(('borg', '--glob-archives', 'foo*'), '{"archives": [}')
+
+
+def test_warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags_with_glob_archives_and_json_missing_archives_does_not_warn():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').never()
+
+    module.warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags(('borg', '--glob-archives', 'foo*'), '{}')

tests/unit/borg/test_info.py

@@ -8,224 +8,178 @@ from borgmatic.borg import info as module
 from ..test_verbosity import insert_logging_mock
 
 
-def test_display_archives_info_calls_borg_with_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+def test_make_info_command_constructs_borg_info_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
-    module.display_archives_info(
+
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--info', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(('--json',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        extra_environment=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-    ).and_return('[]')
-
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
-    json_output = module.display_archives_info(
+
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert json_output == '[]'
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(('--json',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        extra_environment=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-    ).and_return('[]')
 
-    insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
-    json_output = module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert json_output == '[]'
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+def test_make_info_command_with_json_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(('--json',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        extra_environment=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-    ).and_return('[]')
 
-    json_output = module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert json_output == '[]'
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_archive_calls_borg_with_match_archives_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+def test_make_info_command_with_archive_uses_match_archives_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         'archive', None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(('--match-archives', 'archive'))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'archive', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive='archive', json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'archive', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_local_path_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg1', 'info', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg1',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
         local_path='borg1',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    command == ('borg1', 'info', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_remote_path_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args(
         'remote-path', 'borg1'
@@ -235,27 +189,21 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_para
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_log_json_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('log-json', True).and_return(
         ('--log-json',)
@@ -265,26 +213,21 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_parameters
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=True),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_lock_wait_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('lock-wait', 5).and_return(
         ('--lock-wait', '5')
@@ -295,26 +238,21 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_paramete
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
     config = {'lock_wait': 5}
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config=config,
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args(
         'match-archives', 'sh:foo*'
@@ -324,26 +262,21 @@ def test_display_archives_info_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives_parameters(
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix='foo'),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args(
         'match-archives', 'sh:foo*'
@@ -353,52 +286,42 @@ def test_display_archives_info_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={'archive_name_format': 'bar-{now}'},  # noqa: FS003
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix='foo'),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archives_parameters():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archives_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, 'bar-{now}', '2.3.4'  # noqa: FS003
     ).and_return(('--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*'))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={'archive_name_format': 'bar-{now}'},  # noqa: FS003
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_with_match_archives_option_calls_borg_with_match_archives_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_option_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         'sh:foo-*', 'bar-{now}', '2.3.4'  # noqa: FS003
@@ -406,14 +329,8 @@ def test_display_archives_with_match_archives_option_calls_borg_with_match_archi
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={
             'archive_name_format': 'bar-{now}',  # noqa: FS003
@@ -422,12 +339,14 @@ def test_display_archives_with_match_archives_option_calls_borg_with_match_archi
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_with_match_archives_flag_calls_borg_with_match_archives_parameter():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_flag_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         'sh:foo-*', 'bar-{now}', '2.3.4'  # noqa: FS003
@@ -435,26 +354,22 @@ def test_display_archives_with_match_archives_flag_calls_borg_with_match_archive
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={'archive_name_format': 'bar-{now}'},  # noqa: FS003
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives='sh:foo-*'),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo')
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('argument_name', ('sort_by', 'first', 'last'))
-def test_display_archives_info_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+def test_make_info_command_passes_arguments_through_to_command(argument_name):
     flag_name = f"--{argument_name.replace('_', ' ')}"
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
@@ -465,14 +380,8 @@ def test_display_archives_info_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
 
-    module.display_archives_info(
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
@@ -480,12 +389,14 @@ def test_display_archives_info_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
         info_arguments=flexmock(
             archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None, **{argument_name: 'value'}
         ),
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
     )
 
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo')
 
-def test_display_archives_info_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_based_flags():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+
+def test_make_info_command_with_date_based_matching_passes_through_to_command():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
         None, None, '2.3.4'
@@ -494,26 +405,6 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_bas
         ('--newer', '1d', '--newest', '1y', '--older', '1m', '--oldest', '1w')
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        (
-            'borg',
-            'info',
-            '--newer',
-            '1d',
-            '--newest',
-            '1y',
-            '--older',
-            '1m',
-            '--oldest',
-            '1w',
-            '--repo',
-            'repo',
-        ),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    )
     info_arguments = flexmock(
         archive=None,
         json=False,
@@ -524,10 +415,66 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_bas
         older='1m',
         oldest='1w',
     )
-    module.display_archives_info(
+
+    command = module.make_info_command(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='2.3.4',
         global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
         info_arguments=info_arguments,
+        local_path='borg',
+        remote_path=None,
+    )
+
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--newer',
+        '1d',
+        '--newest',
+        '1y',
+        '--older',
+        '1m',
+        '--oldest',
+        '1w',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
+
+
+def test_display_archives_info_calls_two_commands():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_info_command')
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').once()
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').once()
+
+    module.display_archives_info(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={},
+        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
+        info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+    )
+
+
+def test_display_archives_info_with_json_calls_json_command_only():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_info_command')
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    json_output = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').and_return(json_output)
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    assert (
+        module.display_archives_info(
+            repository_path='repo',
+            config={},
+            local_borg_version='2.3.4',
+            global_arguments=flexmock(log_json=False),
+            info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
+        )
+        == json_output
     )

tests/unit/borg/test_prune.py

@@ -118,6 +118,19 @@ def test_make_prune_flags_without_prefix_uses_archive_name_format_instead():
     assert result == expected
 
 
+def test_make_prune_flags_ignores_keep_exclude_tags_in_config():
+    config = {
+        'keep_daily': 1,
+        'keep_exclude_tags': True,
+    }
+    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').and_return(())
+
+    result = module.make_prune_flags(config, local_borg_version='1.2.3')
+
+    assert result == ('--keep-daily', '1')
+
+
 PRUNE_COMMAND = ('borg', 'prune', '--keep-daily', '1', '--keep-weekly', '2', '--keep-monthly', '3')
 
 

tests/unit/borg/test_rinfo.py

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_calls_borg_with_flags():
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -40,6 +46,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_without_borg_features_calls_borg_with_info_sub_
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--json', 'repo'),
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'info', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -67,6 +79,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -99,6 +117,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_out
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
     ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags').never()
 
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
     json_output = module.display_repository_info(
@@ -123,6 +142,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -156,6 +181,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_ou
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
     ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags').never()
 
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
     json_output = module.display_repository_info(
@@ -185,6 +211,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_flag():
         extra_environment=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
     ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags').never()
 
     json_output = module.display_repository_info(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -208,6 +235,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg1', 'rinfo', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg1', 'rinfo', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -236,6 +269,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_fl
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -264,6 +303,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
@@ -292,6 +337,12 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags(
         )
     )
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'rinfo', '--lock-wait', '5', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+    ).and_return('[]')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         ('borg', 'rinfo', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,

tests/unit/borg/test_rlist.py

@@ -559,66 +559,39 @@ def test_make_rlist_command_with_match_archives_calls_borg_with_match_archives_f
     assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--match-archives', 'foo-*', 'repo')
 
 
-def test_list_repository_calls_borg_with_flags():
+def test_list_repository_calls_two_commands():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    rlist_arguments = argparse.Namespace(json=False)
-    global_arguments = flexmock()
-
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_rlist_command').with_args(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
-        global_arguments=global_arguments,
-        local_path='borg',
-        remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'rlist', 'repo'))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_rlist_command')
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'rlist', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        extra_environment=None,
-    ).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').once()
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').once()
 
     module.list_repository(
         repository_path='repo',
         config={},
         local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
-        global_arguments=global_arguments,
+        rlist_arguments=argparse.Namespace(json=False),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
 
-def test_list_repository_with_json_returns_borg_output():
+def test_list_repository_with_json_calls_json_command_only():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    rlist_arguments = argparse.Namespace(json=True)
-    global_arguments = flexmock()
-    json_output = flexmock()
-
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_rlist_command').with_args(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
-        global_arguments=global_arguments,
-        local_path='borg',
-        remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'rlist', 'repo'))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_rlist_command')
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    json_output = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').and_return(json_output)
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
     assert (
         module.list_repository(
             repository_path='repo',
             config={},
             local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-            rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
-            global_arguments=global_arguments,
+            rlist_arguments=argparse.Namespace(json=True),
+            global_arguments=flexmock(),
         )
         == json_output
     )

tests/unit/commands/test_borgmatic.py

@@ -748,6 +748,24 @@ def test_run_actions_runs_break_lock():
     )
 
 
+def test_run_actions_runs_export_key():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook')
+    flexmock(borgmatic.actions.export_key).should_receive('run_export_key').once()
+
+    tuple(
+        module.run_actions(
+            arguments={'global': flexmock(dry_run=False, log_file='foo'), 'export': flexmock()},
+            config_filename=flexmock(),
+            config={'repositories': []},
+            local_path=flexmock(),
+            remote_path=flexmock(),
+            local_borg_version=flexmock(),
+            repository={'path': 'repo'},
+        )
+    )
+
+
 def test_run_actions_runs_borg():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook')
@@ -831,7 +849,7 @@ def test_log_record_with_suppress_does_not_raise():
 
 
 def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_message_only():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).once()
 
     logs = tuple(module.log_error_records('Error'))
 
@@ -839,7 +857,7 @@ def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_message_only():
 
 
 def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_called_process_error_with_bytes_ouput():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).times(3)
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('getEffectiveLevel').and_return(logging.WARNING)
 
     logs = tuple(
@@ -851,7 +869,7 @@ def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_called_process_error_with_b
 
 
 def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_called_process_error_with_string_ouput():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).times(3)
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('getEffectiveLevel').and_return(logging.WARNING)
 
     logs = tuple(
@@ -862,8 +880,22 @@ def test_log_error_records_generates_output_logs_for_called_process_error_with_s
     assert any(log for log in logs if 'error output' in str(log))
 
 
+def test_log_error_records_splits_called_process_error_with_multiline_ouput_into_multiple_logs():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).times(4)
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('getEffectiveLevel').and_return(logging.WARNING)
+
+    logs = tuple(
+        module.log_error_records(
+            'Error', subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, 'ls', 'error output\nanother line')
+        )
+    )
+
+    assert {log['levelno'] for log in logs} == {logging.CRITICAL}
+    assert any(log for log in logs if 'error output' in str(log))
+
+
 def test_log_error_records_generates_logs_for_value_error():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).twice()
 
     logs = tuple(module.log_error_records('Error', ValueError()))
 
@@ -871,7 +903,7 @@ def test_log_error_records_generates_logs_for_value_error():
 
 
 def test_log_error_records_generates_logs_for_os_error():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict).twice()
 
     logs = tuple(module.log_error_records('Error', OSError()))
 
@@ -879,7 +911,7 @@ def test_log_error_records_generates_logs_for_os_error():
 
 
 def test_log_error_records_generates_nothing_for_other_error():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').replace_with(dict)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_record').never()
 
     logs = tuple(module.log_error_records('Error', KeyError()))
 

tests/unit/config/test_load.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import pytest
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.config import load as module
+
+
+def test_probe_and_include_file_with_absolute_path_skips_probing():
+    config = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('load_configuration').with_args('/etc/include.yaml').and_return(
+        config
+    ).once()
+
+    assert module.probe_and_include_file('/etc/include.yaml', ['/etc', '/var']) == config
+
+
+def test_probe_and_include_file_with_relative_path_probes_include_directories():
+    config = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/etc/include.yaml').and_return(
+        False
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/include.yaml').and_return(
+        True
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('load_configuration').with_args('/etc/include.yaml').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('load_configuration').with_args('/var/include.yaml').and_return(
+        config
+    ).once()
+
+    assert module.probe_and_include_file('include.yaml', ['/etc', '/var']) == config
+
+
+def test_probe_and_include_file_with_relative_path_and_missing_files_raises():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('load_configuration').never()
+
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        module.probe_and_include_file('include.yaml', ['/etc', '/var'])

tests/unit/config/test_normalize.py

@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ from borgmatic.config import normalize as module
             {'bar': 'baz', 'prefix': 'foo'},
             True,
         ),
+        (
+            {'location': {}, 'consistency': {'prefix': 'foo'}},
+            {'prefix': 'foo'},
+            True,
+        ),
         (
             {},
             {},
@@ -111,6 +116,13 @@ def test_normalize_sections_with_different_umask_values_raises():
         module.normalize_sections('test.yaml', config)
 
 
+def test_normalize_sections_with_only_scalar_raises():
+    config = 33
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module.normalize_sections('test.yaml', config)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     'config,expected_config,produces_logs',
     (

tests/unit/hooks/test_apprise.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import apprise
+from apprise import NotifyFormat, NotifyType
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+import borgmatic.hooks.monitor
+from borgmatic.hooks import apprise as module
+
+TOPIC = 'borgmatic-unit-testing'
+
+
+def mock_apprise():
+    apprise_mock = flexmock(
+        add=lambda servers: None, notify=lambda title, body, body_format, notify_type: None
+    )
+    flexmock(apprise.Apprise).new_instances(apprise_mock)
+    return apprise_mock
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_adheres_dry_run():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').never()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}]},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=True,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_does_not_hit_with_no_states():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').never()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}], 'states': []},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=True,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_hits_fail_by_default():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='A borgmatic FAIL event happened',
+        body='A borgmatic FAIL event happened',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.FAILURE,
+    ).once()
+
+    for state in borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State:
+        module.ping_monitor(
+            {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}]},
+            {},
+            'config.yaml',
+            state,
+            monitoring_log_level=1,
+            dry_run=False,
+        )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_hits_with_finish_default_config():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='A borgmatic FINISH event happened',
+        body='A borgmatic FINISH event happened',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.SUCCESS,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}], 'states': ['finish']},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FINISH,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_hits_with_start_default_config():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='A borgmatic START event happened',
+        body='A borgmatic START event happened',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.INFO,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}], 'states': ['start']},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.START,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_hits_with_fail_default_config():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='A borgmatic FAIL event happened',
+        body='A borgmatic FAIL event happened',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.FAILURE,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}], 'states': ['fail']},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_hits_with_log_default_config():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='A borgmatic LOG event happened',
+        body='A borgmatic LOG event happened',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.INFO,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}], 'states': ['log']},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.LOG,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_passes_through_custom_message_title():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='foo',
+        body='bar',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.FAILURE,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {
+            'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}],
+            'states': ['fail'],
+            'fail': {'title': 'foo', 'body': 'bar'},
+        },
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_passes_through_custom_message_body():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').with_args(
+        title='',
+        body='baz',
+        body_format=NotifyFormat.TEXT,
+        notify_type=NotifyType.FAILURE,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {
+            'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}],
+            'states': ['fail'],
+            'fail': {'body': 'baz'},
+        },
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_pings_multiple_services():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('add').with_args([f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', f'ntfy://{TOPIC}']).once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {
+            'services': [
+                {'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'},
+                {'url': f'ntfy://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfy'},
+            ]
+        },
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_logs_info_for_no_services():
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('info').once()
+
+    module.ping_monitor(
+        {'services': []},
+        {},
+        'config.yaml',
+        borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State.FAIL,
+        monitoring_log_level=1,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_ping_monitor_logs_warning_when_notify_fails():
+    mock_apprise().should_receive('notify').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').once()
+
+    for state in borgmatic.hooks.monitor.State:
+        module.ping_monitor(
+            {'services': [{'url': f'ntfys://{TOPIC}', 'label': 'ntfys'}]},
+            {},
+            'config.yaml',
+            state,
+            monitoring_log_level=1,
+            dry_run=False,
+        )

tests/unit/hooks/test_dump.py

@@ -4,34 +4,36 @@ from flexmock import flexmock
 from borgmatic.hooks import dump as module
 
 
-def test_make_database_dump_path_joins_arguments():
-    assert module.make_database_dump_path('/tmp', 'super_databases') == '/tmp/super_databases'
+def test_make_data_source_dump_path_joins_arguments():
+    assert module.make_data_source_dump_path('/tmp', 'super_databases') == '/tmp/super_databases'
 
 
-def test_make_database_dump_path_defaults_without_source_directory():
-    assert module.make_database_dump_path(None, 'super_databases') == '~/.borgmatic/super_databases'
+def test_make_data_source_dump_path_defaults_without_source_directory():
+    assert (
+        module.make_data_source_dump_path(None, 'super_databases') == '~/.borgmatic/super_databases'
+    )
 
 
-def test_make_database_dump_filename_uses_name_and_hostname():
+def test_make_data_source_dump_filename_uses_name_and_hostname():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
 
     assert (
-        module.make_database_dump_filename('databases', 'test', 'hostname')
+        module.make_data_source_dump_filename('databases', 'test', 'hostname')
         == 'databases/hostname/test'
     )
 
 
-def test_make_database_dump_filename_without_hostname_defaults_to_localhost():
+def test_make_data_source_dump_filename_without_hostname_defaults_to_localhost():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
 
-    assert module.make_database_dump_filename('databases', 'test') == 'databases/localhost/test'
+    assert module.make_data_source_dump_filename('databases', 'test') == 'databases/localhost/test'
 
 
-def test_make_database_dump_filename_with_invalid_name_raises():
+def test_make_data_source_dump_filename_with_invalid_name_raises():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.make_database_dump_filename('databases', 'invalid/name')
+        module.make_data_source_dump_filename('databases', 'invalid/name')
 
 
 def test_create_parent_directory_for_dump_does_not_raise():
@@ -47,28 +49,28 @@ def test_create_named_pipe_for_dump_does_not_raise():
     module.create_named_pipe_for_dump('/path/to/pipe')
 
 
-def test_remove_database_dumps_removes_dump_path():
+def test_remove_data_source_dumps_removes_dump_path():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases/localhost')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.shutil).should_receive('rmtree').with_args('databases/localhost').once()
 
-    module.remove_database_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+    module.remove_data_source_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
 
 
-def test_remove_database_dumps_with_dry_run_skips_removal():
+def test_remove_data_source_dumps_with_dry_run_skips_removal():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases/localhost')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
     flexmock(module.shutil).should_receive('rmtree').never()
 
-    module.remove_database_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=True)
+    module.remove_data_source_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=True)
 
 
-def test_remove_database_dumps_without_dump_path_present_skips_removal():
+def test_remove_data_source_dumps_without_dump_path_present_skips_removal():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases/localhost')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.shutil).should_receive('rmtree').never()
 
-    module.remove_database_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+    module.remove_data_source_dumps('databases', 'SuperDB', 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
 
 
 def test_convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns_removes_leading_slash():

tests/unit/hooks/test_loki.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import json
+
+import requests
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import loki as module
+
+
+def test_loki_log_buffer_add_value_gets_raw():
+    '''
+    Assert that adding values to the log buffer increases it's length.
+    '''
+    buffer = module.Loki_log_buffer(flexmock(), False)
+    assert len(buffer) == 0
+
+    buffer.add_value('Some test log line')
+    assert len(buffer) == 1
+
+    buffer.add_value('Another test log line')
+    assert len(buffer) == 2
+
+
+def test_loki_log_buffer_json_serializes_empty_buffer():
+    '''
+    Assert that the buffer correctly serializes when empty.
+    '''
+    buffer = module.Loki_log_buffer(flexmock(), False)
+
+    assert json.loads(buffer.to_request()) == json.loads('{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[]}]}')
+
+
+def test_loki_log_buffer_json_serializes_labels():
+    '''
+    Assert that the buffer correctly serializes with labels.
+    '''
+    buffer = module.Loki_log_buffer(flexmock(), False)
+    buffer.add_label('test', 'label')
+
+    assert json.loads(buffer.to_request()) == json.loads(
+        '{"streams":[{"stream":{"test": "label"},"values":[]}]}'
+    )
+
+
+def test_loki_log_buffer_json_serializes_log_lines():
+    '''
+    Assert that log lines end up in the correct place in the log buffer.
+    '''
+    buffer = module.Loki_log_buffer(flexmock(), False)
+    buffer.add_value('Some test log line')
+
+    assert json.loads(buffer.to_request())['streams'][0]['values'][0][1] == 'Some test log line'
+
+
+def test_loki_log_handler_add_label_gets_labels():
+    '''
+    Assert that adding labels works.
+    '''
+    buffer = module.Loki_log_buffer(flexmock(), False)
+
+    buffer.add_label('test', 'label')
+    assert buffer.root['streams'][0]['stream']['test'] == 'label'
+
+    buffer.add_label('test2', 'label2')
+    assert buffer.root['streams'][0]['stream']['test2'] == 'label2'
+
+
+def test_loki_log_handler_emit_gets_log_messages():
+    '''
+    Assert that adding log records works.
+    '''
+    handler = module.Loki_log_handler(flexmock(), False)
+    handler.emit(flexmock(getMessage=lambda: 'Some test log line'))
+
+    assert len(handler.buffer) == 1
+
+
+def test_loki_log_handler_raw_posts_to_server():
+    '''
+    Assert that the flush function sends a post request after a certain limit.
+    '''
+    handler = module.Loki_log_handler(flexmock(), False)
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('post').and_return(
+        flexmock(raise_for_status=lambda: '')
+    ).once()
+
+    for num in range(int(module.MAX_BUFFER_LINES * 1.5)):
+        handler.raw(num)
+
+
+def test_loki_log_handler_raw_post_failure_does_not_raise():
+    '''
+    Assert that the flush function catches request exceptions.
+    '''
+    handler = module.Loki_log_handler(flexmock(), False)
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('post').and_return(
+        flexmock(raise_for_status=lambda: (_ for _ in ()).throw(requests.RequestException()))
+    ).once()
+
+    for num in range(int(module.MAX_BUFFER_LINES * 1.5)):
+        handler.raw(num)
+
+
+def test_loki_log_handler_flush_with_empty_buffer_does_not_raise():
+    '''
+    Test that flushing an empty buffer does indeed nothing.
+    '''
+    handler = module.Loki_log_handler(flexmock(), False)
+    handler.flush()

tests/unit/hooks/test_mariadb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import mariadb as module
+
+
+def test_database_names_to_dump_passes_through_name():
+    extra_environment = flexmock()
+    log_prefix = ''
+
+    names = module.database_names_to_dump(
+        {'name': 'foo'}, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run=False
+    )
+
+    assert names == ('foo',)
+
+
+def test_database_names_to_dump_bails_for_dry_run():
+    extra_environment = flexmock()
+    log_prefix = ''
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').never()
+
+    names = module.database_names_to_dump(
+        {'name': 'all'}, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run=True
+    )
+
+    assert names == ()
+
+
+def test_database_names_to_dump_queries_mariadb_for_database_names():
+    extra_environment = flexmock()
+    log_prefix = ''
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        ('mariadb', '--skip-column-names', '--batch', '--execute', 'show schemas'),
+        extra_environment=extra_environment,
+    ).and_return('foo\nbar\nmysql\n').once()
+
+    names = module.database_names_to_dump(
+        {'name': 'all'}, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run=False
+    )
+
+    assert names == ('foo', 'bar')
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_each_database():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',)).and_return(
+        ('bar',)
+    )
+
+    for name, process in zip(('foo', 'bar'), processes):
+        flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_dump_command').with_args(
+            database={'name': name},
+            log_prefix=object,
+            dump_path=object,
+            database_names=(name,),
+            extra_environment=object,
+            dry_run=object,
+            dry_run_label=object,
+        ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_with_password():
+    database = {'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'}
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',)).and_return(
+        ('bar',)
+    )
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_dump_command').with_args(
+        database=database,
+        log_prefix=object,
+        dump_path=object,
+        database_names=('foo',),
+        extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'trustsome1'},
+        dry_run=object,
+        dry_run_label=object,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert module.dump_data_sources([database], {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_all_databases_at_once():
+    databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_dump_command').with_args(
+        database={'name': 'all'},
+        log_prefix=object,
+        dump_path=object,
+        database_names=('foo', 'bar'),
+        extra_environment=object,
+        dry_run=object,
+        dry_run_label=object,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_all_databases_separately_when_format_configured():
+    databases = [{'name': 'all', 'format': 'sql'}]
+    processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
+
+    for name, process in zip(('foo', 'bar'), processes):
+        flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_dump_command').with_args(
+            database={'name': name, 'format': 'sql'},
+            log_prefix=object,
+            dump_path=object,
+            database_names=(name,),
+            extra_environment=object,
+            dry_run=object,
+            dry_run_label=object,
+        ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+
+
+def test_database_names_to_dump_runs_mariadb_with_list_options():
+    database = {'name': 'all', 'list_options': '--defaults-extra-file=mariadb.cnf'}
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb',
+            '--defaults-extra-file=mariadb.cnf',
+            '--skip-column-names',
+            '--batch',
+            '--execute',
+            'show schemas',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).and_return(('foo\nbar')).once()
+
+    assert module.database_names_to_dump(database, None, 'test.yaml', '') == ('foo', 'bar')
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mariadb_dump():
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb-dump',
+            '--add-drop-database',
+            '--databases',
+            'foo',
+            '--result-file',
+            'dump',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo'},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=False,
+            dry_run_label='',
+        )
+        == process
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mariadb_dump_without_add_drop_database():
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb-dump',
+            '--databases',
+            'foo',
+            '--result-file',
+            'dump',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo', 'add_drop_database': False},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=False,
+            dry_run_label='',
+        )
+        == process
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mariadb_dump_with_hostname_and_port():
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb-dump',
+            '--add-drop-database',
+            '--host',
+            'database.example.org',
+            '--port',
+            '5433',
+            '--protocol',
+            'tcp',
+            '--databases',
+            'foo',
+            '--result-file',
+            'dump',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=False,
+            dry_run_label='',
+        )
+        == process
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mariadb_dump_with_username_and_password():
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb-dump',
+            '--add-drop-database',
+            '--user',
+            'root',
+            '--databases',
+            'foo',
+            '--result-file',
+            'dump',
+        ),
+        extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'trustsome1'},
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'trustsome1'},
+            dry_run=False,
+            dry_run_label='',
+        )
+        == process
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mariadb_dump_with_options():
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb-dump',
+            '--stuff=such',
+            '--add-drop-database',
+            '--databases',
+            'foo',
+            '--result-file',
+            'dump',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo', 'options': '--stuff=such'},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=False,
+            dry_run_label='',
+        )
+        == process
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_with_duplicate_dump_skips_mariadb_dump():
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo'},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=True,
+            dry_run_label='SO DRY',
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_execute_dump_command_with_dry_run_skips_mariadb_dump():
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    assert (
+        module.execute_dump_command(
+            database={'name': 'foo'},
+            log_prefix='log',
+            dump_path=flexmock(),
+            database_names=('foo',),
+            extra_environment=None,
+            dry_run=True,
+            dry_run_label='SO DRY',
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_errors_for_missing_all_databases():
+    databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/all'
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_data_sources_does_not_error_for_missing_all_databases_with_dry_run():
+    databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/all'
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
+
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mariadb_to_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        ('mariadb', '--batch'),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mariadb_with_options():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'restore_options': '--harder'}]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        ('mariadb', '--batch', '--harder'),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mariadb_with_hostname_and_port():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb',
+            '--batch',
+            '--host',
+            'database.example.org',
+            '--port',
+            '5433',
+            '--protocol',
+            'tcp',
+        ),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mariadb_with_username_and_password():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        ('mariadb', '--batch', '--user', 'root'),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'trustsome1'},
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
+        {
+            'name': 'foo',
+            'username': 'root',
+            'password': 'trustsome1',
+            'restore_hostname': 'restorehost',
+            'restore_port': 'restoreport',
+            'restore_username': 'restoreusername',
+            'restore_password': 'restorepassword',
+        }
+    ]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb',
+            '--batch',
+            '--host',
+            'clihost',
+            '--port',
+            'cliport',
+            '--protocol',
+            'tcp',
+            '--user',
+            'cliusername',
+        ),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'clipassword'},
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': 'clihost',
+            'port': 'cliport',
+            'username': 'cliusername',
+            'password': 'clipassword',
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
+        {
+            'name': 'foo',
+            'username': 'root',
+            'password': 'trustsome1',
+            'hostname': 'dbhost',
+            'port': 'dbport',
+            'restore_username': 'restoreuser',
+            'restore_password': 'restorepass',
+            'restore_hostname': 'restorehost',
+            'restore_port': 'restoreport',
+        }
+    ]
+    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
+        (
+            'mariadb',
+            '--batch',
+            '--host',
+            'restorehost',
+            '--port',
+            'restoreport',
+            '--protocol',
+            'tcp',
+            '--user',
+            'restoreuser',
+        ),
+        processes=[extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+        extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'restorepass'},
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
+        dry_run=False,
+        extract_process=extract_process,
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo'}]
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
+
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
+        {},
+        'test.yaml',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
+        dry_run=True,
+        extract_process=flexmock(),
+        connection_params={
+            'hostname': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None,
+        },
+    )

tests/unit/hooks/test_mongodb.py

@@ -1,53 +1,52 @@
 import logging
 
-import pytest
 from flexmock import flexmock
 
 from borgmatic.hooks import mongodb as module
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_for_each_database():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodump_for_each_database():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
     for name, process in zip(('foo', 'bar'), processes):
         flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-            ['mongodump', '--db', name, '--archive', '>', f'databases/localhost/{name}'],
+            ('mongodump', '--db', name, '--archive', '>', f'databases/localhost/{name}'),
             shell=True,
             run_to_completion=False,
         ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_with_dry_run_skips_mongodump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_with_dry_run_skips_mongodump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_hostname_and_port():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodump_with_hostname_and_port():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/database.example.org/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        [
+        (
             'mongodump',
             '--host',
             'database.example.org',
@@ -58,15 +57,15 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_hostname_and_port():
             '--archive',
             '>',
             'databases/database.example.org/foo',
-        ],
+        ),
         shell=True,
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_username_and_password():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodump_with_username_and_password():
     databases = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
@@ -77,13 +76,13 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_username_and_password():
     ]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        [
+        (
             'mongodump',
             '--username',
             'mongo',
@@ -96,85 +95,93 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_username_and_password():
             '--archive',
             '>',
             'databases/localhost/foo',
-        ],
+        ),
         shell=True,
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_directory_format():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodump_with_directory_format():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'directory'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_parent_directory_for_dump')
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ['mongodump', '--out', 'databases/localhost/foo', '--db', 'foo'],
+        ('mongodump', '--out', 'databases/localhost/foo', '--db', 'foo'),
         shell=True,
     ).and_return(flexmock()).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodump_with_options():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodump_with_options():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'options': '--stuff=such'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ['mongodump', '--db', 'foo', '--stuff=such', '--archive', '>', 'databases/localhost/foo'],
+        (
+            'mongodump',
+            '--db',
+            'foo',
+            '--stuff=such',
+            '--archive',
+            '>',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+        ),
         shell=True,
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_mongodumpall_for_all_databases():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_mongodumpall_for_all_databases():
     databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/all'
     )
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ['mongodump', '--archive', '>', 'databases/localhost/all'],
+        ('mongodump', '--archive', '>', 'databases/localhost/all'),
         shell=True,
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mongorestore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
-        ['mongorestore', '--archive', '--drop', '--db', 'foo'],
+        ['mongorestore', '--archive', '--drop'],
         processes=[extract_process],
         output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -186,46 +193,19 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_errors_on_empty_databases_config():
-    databases_config = []
-
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.restore_database_dump(
-            databases_config,
-            {},
-            'test.yaml',
-            database_name='foo',
-            dry_run=False,
-            extract_process=flexmock(),
-            connection_params={
-                'hostname': None,
-                'port': None,
-                'username': None,
-                'password': None,
-            },
-        )
-
-
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_hostname_and_port():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_hostname_and_port():
+    hook_config = [
         {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433, 'schemas': None}
     ]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         [
             'mongorestore',
             '--archive',
             '--drop',
-            '--db',
-            'foo',
             '--host',
             'database.example.org',
             '--port',
@@ -236,11 +216,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_hostname_and_port():
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -252,8 +232,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_hostname_and_port():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_username_and_password():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_username_and_password():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'username': 'mongo',
@@ -265,14 +245,12 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_username_and_password():
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         [
             'mongorestore',
             '--archive',
             '--drop',
-            '--db',
-            'foo',
             '--username',
             'mongo',
             '--password',
@@ -285,11 +263,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_username_and_password():
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -301,8 +279,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_username_and_password():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'username': 'mongo',
@@ -318,14 +296,12 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         [
             'mongorestore',
             '--archive',
             '--drop',
-            '--db',
-            'foo',
             '--host',
             'clihost',
             '--port',
@@ -342,11 +318,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -358,8 +334,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'username': 'mongo',
@@ -375,14 +351,12 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         [
             'mongorestore',
             '--archive',
             '--drop',
-            '--db',
-            'foo',
             '--host',
             'restorehost',
             '--port',
@@ -399,11 +373,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -415,24 +389,24 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_options():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'restore_options': '--harder', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_options():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'restore_options': '--harder', 'schemas': None}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
-        ['mongorestore', '--archive', '--drop', '--db', 'foo', '--harder'],
+        ['mongorestore', '--archive', '--drop', '--harder'],
         processes=[extract_process],
         output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -445,18 +419,16 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_options():
 
 
 def test_restore_databases_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_schemas():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': ['bar', 'baz']}]
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': ['bar', 'baz']}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         [
             'mongorestore',
             '--archive',
             '--drop',
-            '--db',
-            'foo',
             '--nsInclude',
             'bar',
             '--nsInclude',
@@ -467,11 +439,11 @@ def test_restore_databases_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_schemas():
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -483,12 +455,12 @@ def test_restore_databases_dump_runs_mongorestore_with_schemas():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'all', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'all', 'schemas': None}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         ['mongorestore', '--archive'],
         processes=[extract_process],
@@ -496,11 +468,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
         input_file=extract_process.stdout,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='all',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -512,18 +484,18 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=True,
         extract_process=flexmock(),
         connection_params={
@@ -535,23 +507,23 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'directory', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'directory', 'schemas': None}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
-        ['mongorestore', '--dir', '/dump/path', '--drop', '--db', 'foo'],
+        ['mongorestore', '--dir', '/dump/path', '--drop'],
         processes=[],
         output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
         input_file=None,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=None,
         connection_params={

tests/unit/hooks/test_mysql.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def test_database_names_to_dump_queries_mysql_for_database_names():
     assert names == ('foo', 'bar')
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_dumps_each_database():
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_each_database():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_each_database():
             dry_run_label=object,
         ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_dumps_with_password():
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_with_password():
     database = {'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'}
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_with_password():
         dry_run_label=object,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases([database], {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources([database], {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_dumps_all_databases_at_once():
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_all_databases_at_once():
     databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_all_databases_at_once():
         dry_run_label=object,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_dumps_all_databases_separately_when_format_configured():
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_all_databases_separately_when_format_configured():
     databases = [{'name': 'all', 'format': 'sql'}]
     processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_all_databases_separately_when_format_configured():
             dry_run_label=object,
         ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
 def test_database_names_to_dump_runs_mysql_with_list_options():
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def test_database_names_to_dump_runs_mysql_with_list_options():
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump():
     process = flexmock()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump():
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_without_add_drop_database():
     process = flexmock()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_without_add_drop_database():
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_hostname_and_port():
     process = flexmock()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_hostname_and_port():
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_username_and_password():
     process = flexmock()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_username_and_password():
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_options():
     process = flexmock()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_runs_mysqldump_with_options():
 
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_with_duplicate_dump_skips_mysqldump():
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_with_duplicate_dump_skips_mysqldump():
 
 
 def test_execute_dump_command_with_dry_run_skips_mysqldump():
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('dump')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump')
 
@@ -356,31 +356,31 @@ def test_execute_dump_command_with_dry_run_skips_mysqldump():
     )
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_errors_for_missing_all_databases():
+def test_dump_data_sources_errors_for_missing_all_databases():
     databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/all'
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+        assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_does_not_error_for_missing_all_databases_with_dry_run():
+def test_dump_data_sources_does_not_error_for_missing_all_databases_with_dry_run():
     databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/all'
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_to_restore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mysql_to_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
@@ -391,11 +391,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_to_restore():
         extra_environment=None,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -407,31 +407,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_to_restore():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_errors_when_database_missing_from_configuration():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
-    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
-
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.restore_database_dump(
-            databases_config,
-            {},
-            'test.yaml',
-            database_name='other',
-            dry_run=False,
-            extract_process=extract_process,
-            connection_params={
-                'hostname': None,
-                'port': None,
-                'username': None,
-                'password': None,
-            },
-        )
-
-
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_options():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'restore_options': '--harder'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mysql_with_options():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'restore_options': '--harder'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
@@ -442,11 +419,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_options():
         extra_environment=None,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -458,8 +435,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_options():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_hostname_and_port():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mysql_with_hostname_and_port():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
@@ -479,11 +456,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_hostname_and_port():
         extra_environment=None,
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -495,8 +472,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_hostname_and_port():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_username_and_password():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_mysql_with_username_and_password():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'root', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
@@ -507,11 +484,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_username_and_password():
         extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'trustsome1'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -523,8 +500,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_mysql_with_username_and_password():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'username': 'root',
@@ -556,11 +533,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
         extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'clipassword'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -572,8 +549,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'username': 'root',
@@ -607,11 +584,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
         extra_environment={'MYSQL_PWD': 'restorepass'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -623,16 +600,16 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo'}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=True,
         extract_process=flexmock(),
         connection_params={

tests/unit/hooks/test_ntfy.py

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ custom_base_url = 'https://ntfy.example.com'
 topic = 'borgmatic-unit-testing'
 
 custom_message_config = {
-    'title': 'Borgmatic unit testing',
-    'message': 'Borgmatic unit testing',
+    'title': 'borgmatic unit testing',
+    'message': 'borgmatic unit testing',
     'priority': 'min',
     'tags': '+1',
 }
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ custom_message_headers = {
 
 def return_default_message_headers(state=Enum):
     headers = {
-        'X-Title': f'A Borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
-        'X-Message': f'A Borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+        'X-Title': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
+        'X-Message': f'A borgmatic {state.name} event happened',
         'X-Priority': 'default',
         'X-Tags': 'borgmatic',
     }

tests/unit/hooks/test_postgresql.py

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def test_database_names_to_dump_with_all_and_psql_command_uses_custom_command():
     )
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_for_each_database():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dump_for_each_database():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_for_each_database():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',)).and_return(
         ('bar',)
     )
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -217,69 +217,69 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_for_each_database():
             run_to_completion=False,
         ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_raises_when_no_database_names_to_dump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_raises_when_no_database_names_to_dump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+        module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_does_not_raise_when_no_database_names_to_dump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_does_not_raise_when_no_database_names_to_dump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(())
 
-    module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+    module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_with_duplicate_dump_skips_pg_dump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_with_duplicate_dump_skips_pg_dump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',)).and_return(
         ('bar',)
     )
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_with_dry_run_skips_pg_dump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_with_dry_run_skips_pg_dump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',)).and_return(
         ('bar',)
     )
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_named_pipe_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_hostname_and_port():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dump_with_hostname_and_port():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/database.example.org/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_hostname_and_port():
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_username_and_password():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dump_with_username_and_password():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'postgres', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return(
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_username_and_password():
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_username_and_password():
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_directory_format():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dump_with_directory_format():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'directory'}]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -373,16 +373,16 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_directory_format():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).and_return(flexmock()).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_options():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dump_with_options():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'options': '--stuff=such'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -406,16 +406,16 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_options():
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dumpall_for_all_databases():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_pg_dumpall_for_all_databases():
     databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('all',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/all'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -428,16 +428,16 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dumpall_for_all_databases():
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_runs_non_default_pg_dump():
+def test_dump_data_sources_runs_non_default_pg_dump():
     databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'pg_dump_command': 'special_pg_dump'}]
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('database_names_to_dump').and_return(('foo',))
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         'databases/localhost/foo'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -460,16 +460,16 @@ def test_dump_databases_runs_non_default_pg_dump():
         run_to_completion=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == [process]
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_pg_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}, {'name': 'bar'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -499,11 +499,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -515,39 +515,15 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_errors_when_database_missing_from_configuration():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}, {'name': 'bar'}]
-    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
-
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.restore_database_dump(
-            databases_config,
-            {},
-            'test.yaml',
-            database_name='other',
-            dry_run=False,
-            extract_process=extract_process,
-            connection_params={
-                'hostname': None,
-                'port': None,
-                'username': None,
-                'password': None,
-            },
-        )
-
-
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_hostname_and_port():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_hostname_and_port():
+    hook_config = [
         {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433, 'schemas': None}
     ]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -585,11 +561,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_hostname_and_port():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -601,8 +577,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_hostname_and_port():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
+    hook_config = [
         {'name': 'foo', 'username': 'postgres', 'password': 'trustsome1', 'schemas': None}
     ]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
@@ -611,7 +587,7 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
         {'PGPASSWORD': 'trustsome1', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'}
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -645,11 +621,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
         extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'trustsome1', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -661,8 +637,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'hostname': 'database.example.org',
@@ -682,7 +658,7 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
         {'PGPASSWORD': 'clipassword', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'}
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -724,11 +700,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
         extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'clipassword', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -740,8 +716,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'hostname': 'database.example.org',
@@ -761,7 +737,7 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
         {'PGPASSWORD': 'restorepassword', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'}
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -803,11 +779,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
         extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'restorepassword', 'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -819,8 +795,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_options():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_options():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'restore_options': '--harder',
@@ -832,7 +808,7 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_options():
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -864,11 +840,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_options():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -880,13 +856,13 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_pg_restore_with_options():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'all', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'all', 'schemas': None}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'psql',
@@ -903,11 +879,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='all',
+        data_source={'name': 'all'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -919,13 +895,13 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_all_database_dump():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_plain_database_dump():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'plain', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_psql_for_plain_database_dump():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'plain', 'schemas': None}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         ('psql', '--no-password', '--no-psqlrc', '--dbname', 'foo'),
         processes=[extract_process],
@@ -947,11 +923,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_plain_database_dump():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -963,8 +939,8 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_psql_for_plain_database_dump():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_runs_non_default_pg_restore_and_psql():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_runs_non_default_pg_restore_and_psql():
+    hook_config = [
         {
             'name': 'foo',
             'pg_restore_command': 'docker exec mycontainer pg_restore',
@@ -976,7 +952,7 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_non_default_pg_restore_and_psql():
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'docker',
@@ -1012,11 +988,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_non_default_pg_restore_and_psql():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={
@@ -1028,19 +1004,19 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_runs_non_default_pg_restore_and_psql():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=True,
         extract_process=flexmock(),
         connection_params={
@@ -1052,12 +1028,12 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_dry_run_skips_restore():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': None}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -1088,11 +1064,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source={'name': 'foo'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=None,
         connection_params={
@@ -1104,12 +1080,12 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_extract_process_restores_from_disk():
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_schemas_restores_schemas():
-    databases_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': ['bar', 'baz']}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_schemas_restores_schemas():
+    hook_config = [{'name': 'foo', 'schemas': ['bar', 'baz']}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_extra_environment').and_return({'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return('/dump/path')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
         (
             'pg_restore',
@@ -1144,11 +1120,11 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_schemas_restores_schemas():
         extra_environment={'PGSSLMODE': 'disable'},
     ).once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='foo',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=None,
         connection_params={

tests/unit/hooks/test_sqlite.py

@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
 import logging
 
-import pytest
 from flexmock import flexmock
 
 from borgmatic.hooks import sqlite as module
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_logs_and_skips_if_dump_already_exists():
+def test_dump_data_sources_logs_and_skips_if_dump_already_exists():
     databases = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('/path/to/dump')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         '/path/to/dump/database'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_parent_directory_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == []
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_dumps_each_database():
+def test_dump_data_sources_dumps_each_database():
     databases = [
         {'path': '/path/to/database1', 'name': 'database1'},
         {'path': '/path/to/database2', 'name': 'database2'},
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_each_database():
     processes = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('/path/to/dump')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         '/path/to/dump/database'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def test_dump_databases_dumps_each_database():
         processes[1]
     )
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
 def test_dumping_database_with_non_existent_path_warns_and_dumps_database():
@@ -48,14 +47,14 @@ def test_dumping_database_with_non_existent_path_warns_and_dumps_database():
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('/path/to/dump')
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('warning').once()
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         '/path/to/dump/database'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_parent_directory_for_dump')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').and_return(processes[0])
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
 def test_dumping_database_with_name_all_warns_and_dumps_all_databases():
@@ -68,32 +67,32 @@ def test_dumping_database_with_name_all_warns_and_dumps_all_databases():
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive(
         'warning'
     ).twice()  # once for the name=all, once for the non-existent path
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         '/path/to/dump/database'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_parent_directory_for_dump')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').and_return(processes[0])
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False) == processes
 
 
-def test_dump_databases_does_not_dump_if_dry_run():
+def test_dump_data_sources_does_not_dump_if_dry_run():
     databases = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}]
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_dump_path').and_return('/path/to/dump')
-    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+    flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('make_data_source_dump_filename').and_return(
         '/path/to/dump/database'
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.dump).should_receive('create_parent_directory_for_dump').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
-    assert module.dump_databases(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
+    assert module.dump_data_sources(databases, {}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True) == []
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_restores_database():
-    databases_config = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}, {'name': 'other'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_restores_database():
+    hook_config = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}, {'name': 'other'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').with_args(
@@ -108,19 +107,19 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_restores_database():
 
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='database',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={'restore_path': None},
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database', 'restore_path': 'config/path/to/database'}
     ]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
@@ -137,19 +136,19 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_with_connection_params_uses_connection_params_for
 
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='database',
+        data_source={'name': 'database'},
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={'restore_path': 'cli/path/to/database'},
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
-    databases_config = [
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_config_for_restore():
+    hook_config = [
         {'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database', 'restore_path': 'config/path/to/database'}
     ]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
@@ -166,46 +165,30 @@ def test_restore_database_dump_without_connection_params_uses_restore_params_in_
 
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').once()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='database',
+        data_source=hook_config[0],
         dry_run=False,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={'restore_path': None},
     )
 
 
-def test_restore_database_dump_does_not_restore_database_if_dry_run():
-    databases_config = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}]
+def test_restore_data_source_dump_does_not_restore_database_if_dry_run():
+    hook_config = [{'path': '/path/to/database', 'name': 'database'}]
     extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_with_processes').never()
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').never()
 
-    module.restore_database_dump(
-        databases_config,
+    module.restore_data_source_dump(
+        hook_config,
         {},
         'test.yaml',
-        database_name='database',
+        data_source={'name': 'database'},
         dry_run=True,
         extract_process=extract_process,
         connection_params={'restore_path': None},
     )
-
-
-def test_restore_database_dump_raises_error_if_database_config_is_empty():
-    databases_config = []
-    extract_process = flexmock(stdout=flexmock())
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        module.restore_database_dump(
-            databases_config,
-            {},
-            'test.yaml',
-            database_name='database',
-            dry_run=False,
-            extract_process=extract_process,
-            connection_params={'restore_path': None},
-        )

tests/unit/test_logger.py

@@ -174,16 +174,18 @@ def test_add_logging_level_skips_global_setting_if_already_set():
     module.add_logging_level('PLAID', 99)
 
 
-def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux():
+def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
     syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
@@ -191,19 +193,21 @@ def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux():
         address='/dev/log'
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
 
-    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO)
+    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
-def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos():
+def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/run/syslog').and_return(True)
@@ -212,19 +216,21 @@ def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos():
         address='/var/run/syslog'
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
 
-    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO)
+    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
-def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebsd():
+def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebsd():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/run/syslog').and_return(False)
@@ -234,85 +240,56 @@ def test_configure_logging_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebsd():
         address='/var/run/log'
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
 
-    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO)
+    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
-def test_configure_logging_sets_global_logger_to_most_verbose_log_level():
+def test_configure_logging_without_syslog_log_level_skips_syslog():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=tuple
-    ).once()
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+        level=logging.INFO, handlers=list
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
 
-    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
+    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO)
 
 
 def test_configure_logging_skips_syslog_if_not_found():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.INFO, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
 
-    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO)
-
-
-def test_configure_logging_skips_syslog_if_interactive_console():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
-    )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
-    )
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
-
-    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO)
-
-
-def test_configure_logging_skips_syslog_if_syslog_logging_is_disabled():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
-    )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').never()
-    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
-    )
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
-
-    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DISABLED)
+    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
 def test_configure_logging_skips_log_file_if_log_file_logging_is_disabled():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
 
-    # syslog skipped in non-interactive console if --log-file argument provided
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.INFO, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
@@ -327,13 +304,13 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_log_file_instead_of_syslog():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
 
-    # syslog skipped in non-interactive console if --log-file argument provided
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
@@ -343,7 +320,40 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_log_file_instead_of_syslog():
     ).and_return(file_handler).once()
 
     module.configure_logging(
-        console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file_log_level=logging.DEBUG, log_file='/tmp/logfile'
+        console_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        syslog_log_level=logging.DISABLED,
+        log_file_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        log_file='/tmp/logfile',
+    )
+
+
+def test_configure_logging_to_both_log_file_and_syslog():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
+    )
+
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
+    syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').with_args(
+        address='/dev/log'
+    ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
+    file_handler = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler('/tmp/logfile')
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('WatchedFileHandler').with_args(
+        '/tmp/logfile'
+    ).and_return(file_handler).once()
+
+    module.configure_logging(
+        console_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        log_file_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        log_file='/tmp/logfile',
     )
 
 
@@ -354,12 +364,14 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_log_file_formats_with_custom_log_format():
         '{message}', style='{'  # noqa: FS003
     ).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
@@ -380,13 +392,13 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_log_file_if_argument_is_none():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(
-        flexmock(setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None)
+        flexmock(
+            setFormatter=lambda formatter: None, setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO
+        )
     )
 
-    # No WatchedFileHandler added if argument --log-file is None
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
-        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+        level=logging.INFO, handlers=list
     )
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('WatchedFileHandler').never()

tests/unit/test_signals.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import pytest
 from flexmock import flexmock
 
 from borgmatic import signals as module
@@ -34,6 +35,17 @@ def test_handle_signal_exits_on_sigterm():
     module.handle_signal(signal_number, frame)
 
 
+def test_handle_signal_raises_on_sigint():
+    signal_number = module.signal.SIGINT
+    frame = flexmock(f_back=flexmock(f_code=flexmock(co_name='something')))
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getpgrp').and_return(flexmock)
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('killpg')
+    flexmock(module.sys).should_receive('exit').never()
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        module.handle_signal(signal_number, frame)
+
+
 def test_configure_signals_installs_signal_handlers():
     flexmock(module.signal).should_receive('signal').at_least().once()
 

tox.ini

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py37,py38,py39,py310,py311
+env_list = py37,py38,py39,py310,py311
 skip_missing_interpreters = True
-skipsdist = True
-minversion = 3.14.1
+package = editable
+min_version = 4.0
 
 [testenv]
-usedevelop = True
-deps = -rtest_requirements.txt
+deps =
+    -r test_requirements.txt
 whitelist_externals = 
     find
     sh
@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ commands =
     pytest {posargs}
 
 [testenv:end-to-end]
-usedevelop = False
-deps = -rtest_requirements.txt
+package = editable
+deps =
+    -r test_requirements.txt
+    pymongo==4.4.1
        .
-passenv = COVERAGE_FILE
+pass_env = COVERAGE_FILE
 commands =
     pytest {posargs} --no-cov tests/end-to-end