Bump version for release.

Reviewed-on: https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/pulls/696

.drone.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
+---
 kind: pipeline
 name: python-3-8-alpine-3-13
 
 services:
   - name: postgresql
-    image: postgres:13.1-alpine
+    image: docker.io/postgres:13.1-alpine
     environment:
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test
       POSTGRES_DB: test
   - name: mysql
-    image: mariadb:10.5
+    image: docker.io/mariadb:10.5
     environment:
       MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
       MYSQL_DATABASE: test
   - name: mongodb
-    image: mongo:5.0.5
+    image: docker.io/mongo:5.0.5
     environment:
       MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
       MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
@@ -23,34 +24,41 @@ clone:
 
 steps:
 - name: build
-  image: alpine:3.13
+  image: docker.io/alpine:3.13
+  environment:
+    TEST_CONTAINER: true
   pull: always
   commands:
     - scripts/run-full-tests
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 name: documentation
+type: exec
+
+platform:
+  os: linux
+  arch: amd64
 
 clone:
   skip_verify: true
 
 steps:
 - name: build
-  image: plugins/docker
-  settings:
-    username:
+  environment:
+    USERNAME:
       from_secret: docker_username
-    password:
+    PASSWORD:
       from_secret: docker_password
-    registry: projects.torsion.org
-    repo: projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic
-    tags: docs
-    dockerfile: docs/Dockerfile
+    IMAGE_NAME: projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic:docs
+  commands:
+    - podman login --username "$USERNAME" --password "$PASSWORD" projects.torsion.org
+    - podman build --tag "$IMAGE_NAME" --file docs/Dockerfile --storage-opt "overlay.mount_program=/usr/bin/fuse-overlayfs" .
+    - podman push "$IMAGE_NAME"
 
 trigger:
   repo:
     - borgmatic-collective/borgmatic
   branch:
-    - master
+    - main
   event:
     - push

.eleventy.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const pluginSyntaxHighlight = require("@11ty/eleventy-plugin-syntaxhighlight");
+const codeClipboard = require("eleventy-plugin-code-clipboard");
 const inclusiveLangPlugin = require("@11ty/eleventy-plugin-inclusive-language");
 const navigationPlugin = require("@11ty/eleventy-navigation");
 
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
     eleventyConfig.addPlugin(pluginSyntaxHighlight);
     eleventyConfig.addPlugin(inclusiveLangPlugin);
     eleventyConfig.addPlugin(navigationPlugin);
+    eleventyConfig.addPlugin(codeClipboard);
 
     let markdownIt = require("markdown-it");
     let markdownItAnchor = require("markdown-it-anchor");
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
         markdownIt(markdownItOptions)
             .use(markdownItAnchor, markdownItAnchorOptions)
             .use(markdownItReplaceLink)
+            .use(codeClipboard.markdownItCopyButton)
     );
 
     eleventyConfig.addPassthroughCopy({"docs/static": "static"});

.flake8

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+select = Q0

NEWS

@@ -1,3 +1,176 @@
+1.7.13
+ * #375: Restore particular PostgreSQL schemas from a database dump via "borgmatic restore --schema"
+   flag. See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/#restore-particular-schemas
+ * #678: Fix error from PostgreSQL when dumping a database with a "format" of "plain".
+ * #678: Fix PostgreSQL hook to support "psql_command" and "pg_restore_command" options containing
+   commands with arguments.
+ * #678: Fix calls to psql in PostgreSQL hook to ignore "~/.psqlrc", whose settings can break
+   database dumping.
+ * #680: Add support for logging each log line as a JSON object via global "--log-json" flag.
+ * #682: Fix "source_directories_must_exist" option to expand globs and tildes in source directories.
+ * #684: Rename "master" development branch to "main" to use more inclusive language. You'll need to
+   update your development checkouts accordingly.
+ * #686: Add fish shell completion script so you can tab-complete on the borgmatic command-line. See
+   the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#shell-completion
+ * #687: Fix borgmatic error when not finding the configuration schema for certain "pip install
+   --editable" development installs.
+ * #688: Fix archive checks being skipped even when particular archives haven't been checked
+   recently. This occurred when using multiple borgmatic configuration files with different
+   "archive_name_format"s, for instance.
+ * #691: Fix error in "borgmatic restore" action when the configured repository path is relative
+   instead of absolute.
+ * #694: Run "borgmatic borg" action without capturing output so interactive prompts and flags like
+   "--progress" still work.
+
+1.7.12
+ * #413: Add "log_file" context to command hooks so your scripts can consume the borgmatic log file.
+   See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/
+ * #666, #670: Fix error when running the "info" action with the "--match-archives" or "--archive"
+   flags. Also fix the "--match-archives"/"--archive" flags to correctly override the
+   "match_archives" configuration option for the "transfer", "list", "rlist", and "info" actions.
+ * #668: Fix error when running the "prune" action with both "archive_name_format" and "prefix"
+   options set.
+ * #672: Selectively shallow merge certain mappings or sequences when including configuration files.
+   See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#shallow-merge
+ * #672: Selectively omit list values when including configuration files. See the documentation for
+   more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#list-merge
+ * #673: View the results of configuration file merging via "validate-borgmatic-config --show" flag.
+   See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#debugging-includes
+ * Add optional support for running end-to-end tests and building documentation with rootless Podman
+   instead of Docker.
+
+1.7.11
+ * #479, #588: BREAKING: Automatically use the "archive_name_format" option to filter which archives
+   get used for borgmatic actions that operate on multiple archives. Override this behavior with the
+   new "match_archives" option in the storage section. This change is "breaking" in that it silently
+   changes which archives get considered for "rlist", "prune", "check", etc. See the documentation
+   for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#archive-naming
+ * #479, #588: The "prefix" options have been deprecated in favor of the new "archive_name_format"
+   auto-matching behavior and the "match_archives" option.
+ * #658: Add "--log-file-format" flag for customizing the log message format. See the documentation
+   for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/#logging-to-file
+ * #662: Fix regression in which the "check_repositories" option failed to match repositories.
+ * #663: Fix regression in which the "transfer" action produced a traceback.
+ * Add spellchecking of source code during test runs.
+
+1.7.10
+ * #396: When a database command errors, display and log the error message instead of swallowing it.
+ * #501: Optionally error if a source directory does not exist via "source_directories_must_exist"
+   option in borgmatic's location configuration.
+ * #576: Add support for "file://" paths within "repositories" option.
+ * #612: Define and use custom constants in borgmatic configuration files. See the documentation for
+   more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/#constant-interpolation
+ * #618: Add support for BORG_FILES_CACHE_TTL environment variable via "borg_files_cache_ttl" option
+   in borgmatic's storage configuration.
+ * #623: Fix confusing message when an error occurs running actions for a configuration file.
+ * #635: Add optional repository labels so you can select a repository via "--repository yourlabel"
+   at the command-line. See the configuration reference for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/
+ * #649: Add documentation on backing up a database running in a container:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/#containers
+ * #655: Fix error when databases are configured and a source directory doesn't exist.
+ * Add code style plugins to enforce use of Python f-strings and prevent single-letter variables.
+   To join in the pedantry, refresh your test environment with "tox --recreate".
+ * Rename scripts/run-full-dev-tests to scripts/run-end-to-end-dev-tests and make it run end-to-end
+   tests only. Continue using tox to run unit and integration tests.
+
+1.7.9
+ * #295: Add a SQLite database dump/restore hook.
+ * #304: Change the default action order when no actions are specified on the command-line to:
+   "create", "prune", "compact", "check". If you'd like to retain the old ordering ("prune" and
+   "compact" first), then specify actions explicitly on the command-line.
+ * #304: Run any command-line actions in the order specified instead of using a fixed ordering.
+ * #564: Add "--repository" flag to all actions where it makes sense, so you can run borgmatic on
+   a single configured repository instead of all of them.
+ * #628: Add a Healthchecks "log" state to send borgmatic logs to Healthchecks without signalling
+   success or failure.
+ * #647: Add "--strip-components all" feature on the "extract" action to remove leading path
+   components of files you extract. Must be used with the "--path" flag.
+ * Add support for Python 3.11.
+
+1.7.8
+ * #620: With the "create" action and the "--list" ("--files") flag, only show excluded files at
+   verbosity 2.
+ * #621: Add optional authentication to the ntfy monitoring hook.
+ * With the "create" action, only one of "--list" ("--files") and "--progress" flags can be used.
+   This lines up with the new behavior in Borg 2.0.0b5.
+ * Internally support new Borg 2.0.0b5 "--filter" status characters / item flags for the "create"
+   action.
+ * Fix the "create" action with the "--dry-run" flag querying for databases when a PostgreSQL/MySQL
+   "all" database is configured. Now, these queries are skipped due to the dry run.
+ * Add "--repository" flag to the "rcreate" action to optionally select one configured repository to
+   create.
+ * Add "--progress" flag to the "transfer" action, new in Borg 2.0.0b5.
+ * Add "checkpoint_volume" configuration option to creates checkpoints every specified number of
+   bytes during a long-running backup, new in Borg 2.0.0b5.
+
+1.7.7
+ * #642: Add MySQL database hook "add_drop_database" configuration option to control whether dumped
+   MySQL databases get dropped right before restore.
+ * #643: Fix for potential data loss (data not getting backed up) when dumping large "directory"
+   format PostgreSQL/MongoDB databases. Prior to the fix, these dumps would not finish writing to
+   disk before Borg consumed them. Now, the dumping process completes before Borg starts. This only
+   applies to "directory" format databases; other formats still stream to Borg without using
+   temporary disk space.
+ * Fix MongoDB "directory" format to work with mongodump/mongorestore without error. Prior to this
+   fix, only the "archive" format worked.
+
+1.7.6
+ * #393, #438, #560: Optionally dump "all" PostgreSQL/MySQL databases to separate files instead of
+   one combined dump file, allowing more convenient restores of individual databases. You can enable
+   this by specifying the database dump "format" option when the database is named "all".
+ * #602: Fix logs that interfere with JSON output by making warnings go to stderr instead of stdout.
+ * #622: Fix traceback when include merging configuration files on ARM64.
+ * #629: Skip warning about excluded special files when no special files have been excluded.
+ * #630: Add configuration options for database command customization: "list_options",
+   "restore_options", and "analyze_options" for PostgreSQL, "restore_options" for MySQL, and
+   "restore_options" for MongoDB.
+
+1.7.5
+ * #311: Override PostgreSQL dump/restore commands via configuration options.
+ * #604: Fix traceback when a configuration section is present but lacking any options.
+ * #607: Clarify documentation examples for include merging and deep merging.
+ * #611: Fix "data" consistency check to support "check_last" and consistency "prefix" options.
+ * #613: Clarify documentation about multiple repositories and separate configuration files.
+
+1.7.4
+ * #596: Fix special file detection erroring when broken symlinks are encountered.
+ * #597, #598: Fix regression in which "check" action errored on certain systems ("Cannot determine
+   Borg repository ID").
+
+1.7.3
+ * #357: Add "break-lock" action for removing any repository and cache locks leftover from Borg
+   aborting.
+ * #360: To prevent Borg hangs, unconditionally delete stale named pipes before dumping databases.
+ * #587: When database hooks are enabled, auto-exclude special files from a "create" action to
+   prevent Borg from hanging. You can override/prevent this behavior by explicitly setting the
+   "read_special" option to true.
+ * #587: Warn when ignoring a configured "read_special" value of false, as true is needed when
+   database hooks are enabled.
+ * #589: Update sample systemd service file to allow system "idle" (e.g. a video monitor turning
+   off) while borgmatic is running.
+ * #590: Fix for potential data loss (data not getting backed up) when the "patterns_from" option
+   was used with "source_directories" (or the "~/.borgmatic" path existed, which got injected into
+   "source_directories" implicitly). The fix is for borgmatic to convert "source_directories" into
+   patterns whenever "patterns_from" is used, working around a Borg bug:
+   https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/issues/6994
+ * #590: In "borgmatic create --list" output, display which files get excluded from the backup due
+   to patterns or excludes.
+ * #591: Add support for Borg 2's "--match-archives" flag. This replaces "--glob-archives", which
+   borgmatic now treats as an alias for "--match-archives". But note that the two flags have
+   slightly different syntax. See the Borg 2 changelog for more information:
+   https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/2.0.0b3/changes.html#version-2-0-0b3-2022-10-02
+ * Fix for "borgmatic --archive latest" not finding the latest archive when a verbosity is set.
+
 1.7.2
  * #577: Fix regression in which "borgmatic info --archive ..." showed repository info instead of
    archive info with Borg 1.
@@ -10,7 +183,7 @@
  * #574: Fix for potential data loss (data not getting backed up) when the "patterns" option was
    used with "source_directories" (or the "~/.borgmatic" path existed, which got injected into
    "source_directories" implicitly). The fix is for borgmatic to convert "source_directories" into
-   patterns whenever "patterns" is used, working around a potential Borg bug:
+   patterns whenever "patterns" is used, working around a Borg bug:
    https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/issues/6994
 
 1.7.0
@@ -215,7 +388,7 @@
  * #398: Clarify canonical home of borgmatic in documentation.
  * #406: Clarify that spaces in path names should not be backslashed in path names.
  * #423: Fix error handling to error loudly when Borg gets killed due to running out of memory!
- * Fix build so as not to attempt to build and push documentation for a non-master branch.
+ * Fix build so as not to attempt to build and push documentation for a non-main branch.
  * "Fix" build failure with Alpine Edge by switching from Edge to Alpine 3.13.
  * Move #borgmatic IRC channel from Freenode to Libera Chat due to Freenode takeover drama.
    IRC connection info: https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues
@@ -278,7 +451,7 @@
    configuration schema descriptions.
 
 1.5.6
- * #292: Allow before_backup and similiar hooks to exit with a soft failure without altering the
+ * #292: Allow before_backup and similar hooks to exit with a soft failure without altering the
    monitoring status on Healthchecks or other providers. Support this by waiting to ping monitoring
    services with a "start" status until after before_* hooks finish. Failures in before_* hooks
    still trigger a monitoring "fail" status.
@@ -347,7 +520,7 @@
  * For "list" and "info" actions, show repository names even at verbosity 0.
 
 1.4.22
- * #276, #285: Disable colored output when "--json" flag is used, so as to produce valid JSON ouput.
+ * #276, #285: Disable colored output when "--json" flag is used, so as to produce valid JSON output.
  * After a backup of a database dump in directory format, properly remove the dump directory.
  * In "borgmatic --help", don't expand $HOME in listing of default "--config" paths.
 
@@ -719,7 +892,7 @@
  * #77: Skip non-"*.yaml" config filenames in /etc/borgmatic.d/ so as not to parse backup files,
    editor swap files, etc.
  * #81: Document user-defined hooks run before/after backup, or on error.
- * Add code style guidelines to the documention.
+ * Add code style guidelines to the documentation.
 
 1.2.0
  * #61: Support for Borg --list option via borgmatic command-line to list all archives.

README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ borgmatic is simple, configuration-driven backup software for servers and
 workstations. Protect your files with client-side encryption. Backup your
 databases too. Monitor it all with integrated third-party services.
 
-The canonical home of borgmatic is at <a href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic">https://torsion.org/borgmatic</a>.
+The canonical home of borgmatic is at <a href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic">https://torsion.org/borgmatic/</a>
 
 Here's an example configuration file:
 
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ location:
 
     # Paths of local or remote repositories to backup to.
     repositories:
-        - ssh://1234@usw-s001.rsync.net/./backups.borg
-        - ssh://k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com/./repo
-        - /var/lib/backups/local.borg
+        - path: ssh://k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com/./repo
+          label: borgbase
+        - path: /var/lib/backups/local.borg
+          label: local
 
 retention:
     # Retention policy for how many backups to keep.
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ borgmatic is powered by [Borg Backup](https://www.borgbackup.org/).
 <a href="https://www.mysql.com/"><img src="docs/static/mysql.png" alt="MySQL" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <a href="https://mariadb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mariadb.png" alt="MariaDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/"><img src="docs/static/mongodb.png" alt="MongoDB" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<a href="https://sqlite.org/"><img src="docs/static/sqlite.png" alt="SQLite" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <a href="https://healthchecks.io/"><img src="docs/static/healthchecks.png" alt="Healthchecks" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <a href="https://cronitor.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronitor.png" alt="Cronitor" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <a href="https://cronhub.io/"><img src="docs/static/cronhub.png" alt="Cronhub" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:20px;"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
@@ -80,8 +82,8 @@ borgmatic is powered by [Borg Backup](https://www.borgbackup.org/).
 Your first step is to [install and configure
 borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/).
 
-For additional documentation, check out the links above for <a
-href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#documentation">borgmatic how-to and
+For additional documentation, check out the links above (left panel on wide screens)
+for <a href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#documentation">borgmatic how-to and
 reference guides</a>.
 
 
@@ -104,23 +106,38 @@ offerings, but do not currently fund borgmatic development or hosting.
 
 ### Issues
 
-You've got issues? Or an idea for a feature enhancement? We've got an [issue
-tracker](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues). In order to
-create a new issue or comment on an issue, you'll need to [login
-first](https://projects.torsion.org/user/login). Note that you can login with
-an existing GitHub account if you prefer.
-
-If you'd like to chat with borgmatic developers or users, head on over to the
-`#borgmatic` IRC channel on Libera Chat, either via <a
-href="https://web.libera.chat/#borgmatic">web chat</a> or a
-native <a href="ircs://irc.libera.chat:6697">IRC client</a>. If you
-don't get a response right away, please hang around a while—or file a ticket
-instead.
+Are you experiencing an issue with borgmatic? Or do you have an idea for a
+feature enhancement? Head on over to our [issue
+tracker](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues).
+In order to create a new issue or add a comment, you'll need to
+[register](https://projects.torsion.org/user/sign_up?invite_code=borgmatic)
+first. If you prefer to use an existing GitHub account, you can skip account
+creation and [login directly](https://projects.torsion.org/user/login).
 
 Also see the [security
 policy](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/security-policy/) for any security
 issues.
 
+
+### Social
+
+Check out the [Borg subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/BorgBackup/) for
+general Borg and borgmatic discussion and support.
+
+Also follow [borgmatic on Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@borgmatic).
+
+
+### Chat
+
+To chat with borgmatic developers or users, check out the `#borgmatic`
+IRC channel on Libera Chat, either via <a
+href="https://web.libera.chat/#borgmatic">web chat</a> or a native <a
+href="ircs://irc.libera.chat:6697">IRC client</a>. If you don't get a response
+right away, please hang around a while—or file a ticket instead.
+
+
+### Other
+
 Other questions or comments? Contact
 [witten@torsion.org](mailto:witten@torsion.org).
 
@@ -135,14 +152,18 @@ borgmatic is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3 or any
 later version.
 
 If you'd like to contribute to borgmatic development, please feel free to
-submit a [Pull Request](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/pulls)
-or open an [issue](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues) first
-to discuss your idea. We also accept Pull Requests on GitHub, if that's more
-your thing. In general, contributions are very welcome. We don't bite! 
+submit a [Pull
+Request](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/pulls) or
+open an
+[issue](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues) to
+discuss your idea. Note that you'll need to
+[register](https://projects.torsion.org/user/sign_up?invite_code=borgmatic)
+first. We also accept Pull Requests on GitHub, if that's more your thing. In
+general, contributions are very welcome. We don't bite!
 
 Also, please check out the [borgmatic development
 how-to](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/) for
 info on cloning source code, running tests, etc.
 
-<a href="https://build.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic" alt="build status">![Build Status](https://build.torsion.org/api/badges/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/status.svg?ref=refs/heads/master)</a>
+<a href="https://build.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic" alt="build status">![Build Status](https://build.torsion.org/api/badges/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/status.svg?ref=refs/heads/main)</a>
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ permalink: security-policy/index.html
 
 While we want to hear about security vulnerabilities in all versions of
 borgmatic, security fixes are only made to the most recently released version.
-It's simply not practical for our small volunteer effort to maintain multiple
-release branches and put out separate security patches for each.
+It's not practical for our small volunteer effort to maintain multiple release
+branches and put out separate security patches for each.
 
 ## Reporting a vulnerability
 

borgmatic/actions/borg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.borg
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_borg(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    borg_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "borg" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if borg_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, borg_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Running arbitrary Borg command'
+        )
+        archive_name = borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+            repository['path'],
+            borg_arguments.archive,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
+        )
+        borgmatic.borg.borg.run_arbitrary_borg(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            options=borg_arguments.options,
+            archive=archive_name,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )

borgmatic/actions/break_lock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.break_lock
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_break_lock(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    break_lock_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "break-lock" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if break_lock_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, break_lock_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Breaking repository and cache locks'
+        )
+        borgmatic.borg.break_lock.break_lock(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )

borgmatic/actions/check.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.check
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_check(
+    config_filename,
+    repository,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    consistency,
+    hooks,
+    hook_context,
+    local_borg_version,
+    check_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "check" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if check_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, check_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('before_check'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'pre-check',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )
+    logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Running consistency checks')
+    borgmatic.borg.check.check_archives(
+        repository['path'],
+        location,
+        storage,
+        consistency,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+        progress=check_arguments.progress,
+        repair=check_arguments.repair,
+        only_checks=check_arguments.only,
+        force=check_arguments.force,
+    )
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('after_check'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'post-check',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/compact.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.compact
+import borgmatic.borg.feature
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_compact(
+    config_filename,
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    retention,
+    hooks,
+    hook_context,
+    local_borg_version,
+    compact_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    dry_run_label,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "compact" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if compact_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, compact_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('before_compact'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'pre-compact',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )
+    if borgmatic.borg.feature.available(borgmatic.borg.feature.Feature.COMPACT, local_borg_version):
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Compacting segments{dry_run_label}'
+        )
+        borgmatic.borg.compact.compact_segments(
+            global_arguments.dry_run,
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+            progress=compact_arguments.progress,
+            cleanup_commits=compact_arguments.cleanup_commits,
+            threshold=compact_arguments.threshold,
+        )
+    else:  # pragma: nocover
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Skipping compact (only available/needed in Borg 1.2+)'
+        )
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('after_compact'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'post-compact',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/create.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.create
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.command
+import borgmatic.hooks.dispatch
+import borgmatic.hooks.dump
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_create(
+    config_filename,
+    repository,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    hooks,
+    hook_context,
+    local_borg_version,
+    create_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    dry_run_label,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "create" action for the given repository.
+
+    If create_arguments.json is True, yield the JSON output from creating the archive.
+    '''
+    if create_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, create_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('before_backup'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'pre-backup',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )
+    logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Creating archive{dry_run_label}')
+    borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
+        'remove_database_dumps',
+        hooks,
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+    )
+    active_dumps = borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
+        'dump_databases',
+        hooks,
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+    )
+    stream_processes = [process for processes in active_dumps.values() for process in processes]
+
+    json_output = borgmatic.borg.create.create_archive(
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        repository['path'],
+        location,
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+        progress=create_arguments.progress,
+        stats=create_arguments.stats,
+        json=create_arguments.json,
+        list_files=create_arguments.list_files,
+        stream_processes=stream_processes,
+    )
+    if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
+        yield json.loads(json_output)
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
+        'remove_database_dumps',
+        hooks,
+        config_filename,
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+    )
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('after_backup'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'post-backup',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/export_tar.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.export_tar
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_export_tar(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    export_tar_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "export-tar" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if export_tar_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, export_tar_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository["path"]}: Exporting archive {export_tar_arguments.archive} as tar file'
+        )
+        borgmatic.borg.export_tar.export_tar_archive(
+            global_arguments.dry_run,
+            repository['path'],
+            borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+                repository['path'],
+                export_tar_arguments.archive,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            ),
+            export_tar_arguments.paths,
+            export_tar_arguments.destination,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+            tar_filter=export_tar_arguments.tar_filter,
+            list_files=export_tar_arguments.list_files,
+            strip_components=export_tar_arguments.strip_components,
+        )

borgmatic/actions/extract.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.extract
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_extract(
+    config_filename,
+    repository,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    hooks,
+    hook_context,
+    local_borg_version,
+    extract_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "extract" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('before_extract'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'pre-extract',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )
+    if extract_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, extract_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        logger.info(
+            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Extracting archive {extract_arguments.archive}'
+        )
+        borgmatic.borg.extract.extract_archive(
+            global_arguments.dry_run,
+            repository['path'],
+            borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+                repository['path'],
+                extract_arguments.archive,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            ),
+            extract_arguments.paths,
+            location,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+            destination_path=extract_arguments.destination,
+            strip_components=extract_arguments.strip_components,
+            progress=extract_arguments.progress,
+        )
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('after_extract'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'post-extract',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/info.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.info
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_info(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    info_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "info" action for the given repository and archive.
+
+    If info_arguments.json is True, yield the JSON output from the info for the archive.
+    '''
+    if info_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, info_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        if not info_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
+            logger.answer(
+                f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Displaying archive summary information'
+            )
+        info_arguments.archive = borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+            repository['path'],
+            info_arguments.archive,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
+        )
+        json_output = borgmatic.borg.info.display_archives_info(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            info_arguments,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
+        )
+        if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
+            yield json.loads(json_output)

borgmatic/actions/list.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.list
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_list(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    list_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "list" action for the given repository and archive.
+
+    If list_arguments.json is True, yield the JSON output from listing the archive.
+    '''
+    if list_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, list_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        if not list_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
+            if list_arguments.find_paths:
+                logger.answer(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Searching archives')
+            elif not list_arguments.archive:
+                logger.answer(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Listing archives')
+        list_arguments.archive = borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+            repository['path'],
+            list_arguments.archive,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
+        )
+        json_output = borgmatic.borg.list.list_archive(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            list_arguments,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
+        )
+        if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
+            yield json.loads(json_output)

borgmatic/actions/mount.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.mount
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_mount(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    mount_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "mount" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if mount_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, mount_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        if mount_arguments.archive:
+            logger.info(
+                f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Mounting archive {mount_arguments.archive}'
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: nocover
+            logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Mounting repository')
+
+        borgmatic.borg.mount.mount_archive(
+            repository['path'],
+            borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+                repository['path'],
+                mount_arguments.archive,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            ),
+            mount_arguments.mount_point,
+            mount_arguments.paths,
+            mount_arguments.foreground,
+            mount_arguments.options,
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )

borgmatic/actions/prune.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.prune
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_prune(
+    config_filename,
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    retention,
+    hooks,
+    hook_context,
+    local_borg_version,
+    prune_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    dry_run_label,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "prune" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if prune_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, prune_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('before_prune'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'pre-prune',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )
+    logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Pruning archives{dry_run_label}')
+    borgmatic.borg.prune.prune_archives(
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        repository['path'],
+        storage,
+        retention,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+        stats=prune_arguments.stats,
+        list_archives=prune_arguments.list_archives,
+    )
+    borgmatic.hooks.command.execute_hook(
+        hooks.get('after_prune'),
+        hooks.get('umask'),
+        config_filename,
+        'post-prune',
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        **hook_context,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/rcreate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.rcreate
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_rcreate(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    rcreate_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "rcreate" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    if rcreate_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, rcreate_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    logger.info(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Creating repository')
+    borgmatic.borg.rcreate.create_repository(
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        repository['path'],
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        rcreate_arguments.encryption_mode,
+        rcreate_arguments.source_repository,
+        rcreate_arguments.copy_crypt_key,
+        rcreate_arguments.append_only,
+        rcreate_arguments.storage_quota,
+        rcreate_arguments.make_parent_dirs,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+    )

borgmatic/actions/restore.py

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+import copy
+import logging
+import os
+
+import borgmatic.borg.extract
+import borgmatic.borg.list
+import borgmatic.borg.mount
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.borg.state
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+import borgmatic.hooks.dispatch
+import borgmatic.hooks.dump
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+UNSPECIFIED_HOOK = object()
+
+
+def get_configured_database(
+    hooks, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name, configuration_database_name=None
+):
+    '''
+    Find the first database with the given hook name and database name in the configured hooks
+    dict and the given archive database names dict (from hook name to database names contained in
+    a particular backup archive). If UNSPECIFIED_HOOK is given as the hook name, search all database
+    hooks for the named database. If a configuration database name is given, use that instead of the
+    database name to lookup the database in the given hooks configuration.
+
+    Return the found database as a tuple of (found hook name, database configuration dict).
+    '''
+    if not configuration_database_name:
+        configuration_database_name = database_name
+
+    if hook_name == UNSPECIFIED_HOOK:
+        hooks_to_search = hooks
+    else:
+        hooks_to_search = {hook_name: hooks[hook_name]}
+
+    return next(
+        (
+            (name, hook_database)
+            for (name, hook) in hooks_to_search.items()
+            for hook_database in hook
+            if hook_database['name'] == configuration_database_name
+            and database_name in archive_database_names.get(name, [])
+        ),
+        (None, None),
+    )
+
+
+def get_configured_hook_name_and_database(hooks, database_name):
+    '''
+    Find the hook name and first database dict with the given database name in the configured hooks
+    dict. This searches across all database hooks.
+    '''
+
+
+def restore_single_database(
+    repository,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    hooks,
+    local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+    archive_name,
+    hook_name,
+    database,
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Given (among other things) an archive name, a database hook name, and a configured database
+    configuration dict, restore that database from the archive.
+    '''
+    logger.info(
+        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring database {database["name"]}'
+    )
+
+    dump_pattern = borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
+        'make_database_dump_pattern',
+        hooks,
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        database['name'],
+    )[hook_name]
+
+    # Kick off a single database extract to stdout.
+    extract_process = borgmatic.borg.extract.extract_archive(
+        dry_run=global_arguments.dry_run,
+        repository=repository['path'],
+        archive=archive_name,
+        paths=borgmatic.hooks.dump.convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns([dump_pattern]),
+        location_config=location,
+        storage_config=storage,
+        local_borg_version=local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments=global_arguments,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+        destination_path='/',
+        # A directory format dump isn't a single file, and therefore can't extract
+        # to stdout. In this case, the extract_process return value is None.
+        extract_to_stdout=bool(database.get('format') != 'directory'),
+    )
+
+    # Run a single database restore, consuming the extract stdout (if any).
+    borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks(
+        'restore_database_dump',
+        {hook_name: [database]},
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        extract_process,
+    )
+
+
+def collect_archive_database_names(
+    repository,
+    archive,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a resolved archive name, a location configuration dict,
+    a storage configuration dict, the local Borg version, global_arguments an argparse.Namespace,
+    and local and remote Borg paths, query the archive for the names of databases it contains and
+    return them as a dict from hook name to a sequence of database names.
+    '''
+    borgmatic_source_directory = os.path.expanduser(
+        location.get(
+            'borgmatic_source_directory', borgmatic.borg.state.DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
+        )
+    ).lstrip('/')
+    parent_dump_path = os.path.expanduser(
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.make_database_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, '*_databases/*/*')
+    )
+    dump_paths = borgmatic.borg.list.capture_archive_listing(
+        repository,
+        archive,
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        list_path=parent_dump_path,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+    )
+
+    # Determine the database names corresponding to the dumps found in the archive and
+    # add them to restore_names.
+    archive_database_names = {}
+
+    for dump_path in dump_paths:
+        try:
+            (hook_name, _, database_name) = dump_path.split(
+                borgmatic_source_directory + os.path.sep, 1
+            )[1].split(os.path.sep)[0:3]
+        except (ValueError, IndexError):
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{repository}: Ignoring invalid database dump path "{dump_path}" in archive {archive}'
+            )
+        else:
+            if database_name not in archive_database_names.get(hook_name, []):
+                archive_database_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend([database_name])
+
+    return archive_database_names
+
+
+def find_databases_to_restore(requested_database_names, archive_database_names):
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of requested database names to restore and a dict of hook name to the names of
+    databases found in an archive, return an expanded sequence of database names to restore,
+    replacing "all" with actual database names as appropriate.
+
+    Raise ValueError if any of the requested database names cannot be found in the archive.
+    '''
+    # A map from database hook name to the database names to restore for that hook.
+    restore_names = (
+        {UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: requested_database_names}
+        if requested_database_names
+        else {UNSPECIFIED_HOOK: ['all']}
+    )
+
+    # If "all" is in restore_names, then replace it with the names of dumps found within the
+    # archive.
+    if 'all' in restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
+        restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK].remove('all')
+
+        for hook_name, database_names in archive_database_names.items():
+            restore_names.setdefault(hook_name, []).extend(database_names)
+
+            # If a database is to be restored as part of "all", then remove it from restore names so
+            # it doesn't get restored twice.
+            for database_name in database_names:
+                if database_name in restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
+                    restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK].remove(database_name)
+
+    if not restore_names[UNSPECIFIED_HOOK]:
+        restore_names.pop(UNSPECIFIED_HOOK)
+
+    combined_restore_names = set(
+        name for database_names in restore_names.values() for name in database_names
+    )
+    combined_archive_database_names = set(
+        name for database_names in archive_database_names.values() for name in database_names
+    )
+
+    missing_names = sorted(set(combined_restore_names) - combined_archive_database_names)
+    if missing_names:
+        joined_names = ', '.join(f'"{name}"' for name in missing_names)
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot restore database{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from archive"
+        )
+
+    return restore_names
+
+
+def ensure_databases_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names):
+    '''
+    Given a dict from hook name to database names to restore, a dict from hook name to remaining
+    database names to restore, and a sequence of found (actually restored) database names, raise
+    ValueError if requested databases to restore were missing from the archive and/or configuration.
+    '''
+    combined_restore_names = set(
+        name
+        for database_names in tuple(restore_names.values())
+        + tuple(remaining_restore_names.values())
+        for name in database_names
+    )
+
+    if not combined_restore_names and not found_names:
+        raise ValueError('No databases were found to restore')
+
+    missing_names = sorted(set(combined_restore_names) - set(found_names))
+    if missing_names:
+        joined_names = ', '.join(f'"{name}"' for name in missing_names)
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Cannot restore database{'s' if len(missing_names) > 1 else ''} {joined_names} missing from borgmatic's configuration"
+        )
+
+
+def run_restore(
+    repository,
+    location,
+    storage,
+    hooks,
+    local_borg_version,
+    restore_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "restore" action for the given repository, but only if the repository matches the
+    requested repository in restore arguments.
+
+    Raise ValueError if a configured database could not be found to restore.
+    '''
+    if restore_arguments.repository and not borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, restore_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        return
+
+    logger.info(
+        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Restoring databases from archive {restore_arguments.archive}'
+    )
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
+        'remove_database_dumps',
+        hooks,
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+    )
+
+    archive_name = borgmatic.borg.rlist.resolve_archive_name(
+        repository['path'],
+        restore_arguments.archive,
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
+    )
+    archive_database_names = collect_archive_database_names(
+        repository['path'],
+        archive_name,
+        location,
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
+    )
+    restore_names = find_databases_to_restore(restore_arguments.databases, archive_database_names)
+    found_names = set()
+    remaining_restore_names = {}
+
+    for hook_name, database_names in restore_names.items():
+        for database_name in database_names:
+            found_hook_name, found_database = get_configured_database(
+                hooks, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name
+            )
+
+            if not found_database:
+                remaining_restore_names.setdefault(found_hook_name or hook_name, []).append(
+                    database_name
+                )
+                continue
+
+            found_names.add(database_name)
+            restore_single_database(
+                repository,
+                location,
+                storage,
+                hooks,
+                local_borg_version,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+                archive_name,
+                found_hook_name or hook_name,
+                dict(found_database, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
+            )
+
+    # For any database that weren't found via exact matches in the hooks configuration, try to
+    # fallback to "all" entries.
+    for hook_name, database_names in remaining_restore_names.items():
+        for database_name in database_names:
+            found_hook_name, found_database = get_configured_database(
+                hooks, archive_database_names, hook_name, database_name, 'all'
+            )
+
+            if not found_database:
+                continue
+
+            found_names.add(database_name)
+            database = copy.copy(found_database)
+            database['name'] = database_name
+
+            restore_single_database(
+                repository,
+                location,
+                storage,
+                hooks,
+                local_borg_version,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+                archive_name,
+                found_hook_name or hook_name,
+                dict(database, **{'schemas': restore_arguments.schemas}),
+            )
+
+    borgmatic.hooks.dispatch.call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(
+        'remove_database_dumps',
+        hooks,
+        repository['path'],
+        borgmatic.hooks.dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
+        location,
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+    )
+
+    ensure_databases_found(restore_names, remaining_restore_names, found_names)

borgmatic/actions/rinfo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.rinfo
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_rinfo(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    rinfo_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "rinfo" action for the given repository.
+
+    If rinfo_arguments.json is True, yield the JSON output from the info for the repository.
+    '''
+    if rinfo_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, rinfo_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        if not rinfo_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
+            logger.answer(
+                f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Displaying repository summary information'
+            )
+
+        json_output = borgmatic.borg.rinfo.display_repository_info(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            rinfo_arguments=rinfo_arguments,
+            global_arguments=global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )
+        if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
+            yield json.loads(json_output)

borgmatic/actions/rlist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import json
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.rlist
+import borgmatic.config.validate
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_rlist(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    rlist_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "rlist" action for the given repository.
+
+    If rlist_arguments.json is True, yield the JSON output from listing the repository.
+    '''
+    if rlist_arguments.repository is None or borgmatic.config.validate.repositories_match(
+        repository, rlist_arguments.repository
+    ):
+        if not rlist_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
+            logger.answer(f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Listing repository')
+
+        json_output = borgmatic.borg.rlist.list_repository(
+            repository['path'],
+            storage,
+            local_borg_version,
+            rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
+            global_arguments=global_arguments,
+            local_path=local_path,
+            remote_path=remote_path,
+        )
+        if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
+            yield json.loads(json_output)

borgmatic/actions/transfer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import logging
+
+import borgmatic.borg.transfer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_transfer(
+    repository,
+    storage,
+    local_borg_version,
+    transfer_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path,
+    remote_path,
+):
+    '''
+    Run the "transfer" action for the given repository.
+    '''
+    logger.info(
+        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Transferring archives to repository'
+    )
+    borgmatic.borg.transfer.transfer_archives(
+        global_arguments.dry_run,
+        repository['path'],
+        storage,
+        local_borg_version,
+        transfer_arguments,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path=local_path,
+        remote_path=remote_path,
+    )

borgmatic/borg/borg.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import logging
 
+import borgmatic.commands.arguments
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ BORG_SUBCOMMANDS_WITHOUT_REPOSITORY = (('debug', 'info'), ('debug', 'convert-pro
 
 
 def run_arbitrary_borg(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     options,
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ def run_arbitrary_borg(
     sequence of arbitrary command-line Borg options, and an optional archive name, run an arbitrary
     Borg command on the given repository/archive.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
 
     try:
@@ -34,6 +37,14 @@ def run_arbitrary_borg(
         command_options_start_index = 2 if options[0] in BORG_SUBCOMMANDS_WITH_SUBCOMMANDS else 1
         borg_command = tuple(options[:command_options_start_index])
         command_options = tuple(options[command_options_start_index:])
+
+        if (
+            borg_command
+            and borg_command[0] in borgmatic.commands.arguments.SUBPARSER_ALIASES.keys()
+        ):
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Borg's {borg_command[0]} subcommand is supported natively by borgmatic. Try this instead: borgmatic {borg_command[0]}"
+            )
     except IndexError:
         borg_command = ()
         command_options = ()
@@ -42,10 +53,10 @@ def run_arbitrary_borg(
         repository_archive_flags = ()
     elif archive:
         repository_archive_flags = flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
-            repository, archive, local_borg_version
+            repository_path, archive, local_borg_version
         )
     else:
-        repository_archive_flags = flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        repository_archive_flags = flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
 
     full_command = (
         (local_path,)
@@ -60,7 +71,7 @@ def run_arbitrary_borg(
 
     return execute_command(
         full_command,
-        output_log_level=logging.WARNING,
+        output_file=DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
         borg_local_path=local_path,
         extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
     )

borgmatic/borg/break_lock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import logging
+
+from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def break_lock(
+    repository_path,
+    storage_config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path='borg',
+    remote_path=None,
+):
+    '''
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage configuration dict, the local Borg version,
+    an argparse.Namespace of global arguments, and optional local and remote Borg paths, break any
+    repository and cache locks leftover from Borg aborting.
+    '''
+    umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
+    lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
+
+    full_command = (
+        (local_path, 'break-lock')
+        + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
+        + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
+        + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
+        + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
+        + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
+    )
+
+    borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
+    execute_command(full_command, borg_local_path=local_path, extra_environment=borg_environment)

borgmatic/borg/check.py

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 import argparse
 import datetime
+import hashlib
+import itertools
 import json
 import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
 
-from borgmatic.borg import environment, extract, flags, rinfo, state
+from borgmatic.borg import environment, extract, feature, flags, rinfo, state
 from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
 
 DEFAULT_CHECKS = (
     {'name': 'repository', 'frequency': '1 month'},
     {'name': 'archives', 'frequency': '1 month'},
 )
-DEFAULT_PREFIX = '{hostname}-'
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -89,12 +90,18 @@ def parse_frequency(frequency):
 
 
 def filter_checks_on_frequency(
-    location_config, consistency_config, borg_repository_id, checks, force
+    location_config,
+    consistency_config,
+    borg_repository_id,
+    checks,
+    force,
+    archives_check_id=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a location config, a consistency config with a "checks" sequence of dicts, a Borg
-    repository ID, a sequence of checks, and whether to force checks to run, filter down those
-    checks based on the configured "frequency" for each check as compared to its check time file.
+    repository ID, a sequence of checks, whether to force checks to run, and an ID for the archives
+    check potentially being run (if any), filter down those checks based on the configured
+    "frequency" for each check as compared to its check time file.
 
     In other words, a check whose check time file's timestamp is too new (based on the configured
     frequency) will get cut from the returned sequence of checks. Example:
@@ -128,8 +135,8 @@ def filter_checks_on_frequency(
         if not frequency_delta:
             continue
 
-        check_time = read_check_time(
-            make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check)
+        check_time = probe_for_check_time(
+            location_config, borg_repository_id, check, archives_check_id
         )
         if not check_time:
             continue
@@ -139,16 +146,68 @@ def filter_checks_on_frequency(
         if datetime.datetime.now() < check_time + frequency_delta:
             remaining = check_time + frequency_delta - datetime.datetime.now()
             logger.info(
-                f"Skipping {check} check due to configured frequency; {remaining} until next check"
+                f'Skipping {check} check due to configured frequency; {remaining} until next check'
             )
             filtered_checks.remove(check)
 
     return tuple(filtered_checks)
 
 
-def make_check_flags(checks, check_last=None, prefix=None):
+def make_archive_filter_flags(
+    local_borg_version, storage_config, checks, check_last=None, prefix=None
+):
     '''
-    Given a parsed sequence of checks, transform it into tuple of command-line flags.
+    Given the local Borg version, a storage configuration dict, a parsed sequence of checks, the
+    check last value, and a consistency check prefix, transform the checks into tuple of
+    command-line flags for filtering archives in a check command.
+
+    If a check_last value is given and "archives" is in checks, then include a "--last" flag. And if
+    a prefix value is given and "archives" is in checks, then include a "--match-archives" flag.
+    '''
+    if 'archives' in checks or 'data' in checks:
+        return (('--last', str(check_last)) if check_last else ()) + (
+            (
+                ('--match-archives', f'sh:{prefix}*')
+                if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version)
+                else ('--glob-archives', f'{prefix}*')
+            )
+            if prefix
+            else (
+                flags.make_match_archives_flags(
+                    storage_config.get('match_archives'),
+                    storage_config.get('archive_name_format'),
+                    local_borg_version,
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    if check_last:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Ignoring check_last option, as "archives" or "data" are not in consistency checks'
+        )
+    if prefix:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Ignoring consistency prefix option, as "archives" or "data" are not in consistency checks'
+        )
+
+    return ()
+
+
+def make_archives_check_id(archive_filter_flags):
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of flags to filter archives, return a unique hash corresponding to those
+    particular flags. If there are no flags, return None.
+    '''
+    if not archive_filter_flags:
+        return None
+
+    return hashlib.sha256(' '.join(archive_filter_flags).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def make_check_flags(checks, archive_filter_flags):
+    '''
+    Given a parsed sequence of checks and a sequence of flags to filter archives, transform the
+    checks into tuple of command-line check flags.
 
     For example, given parsed checks of:
 
@@ -160,53 +219,45 @@ def make_check_flags(checks, check_last=None, prefix=None):
 
     However, if both "repository" and "archives" are in checks, then omit them from the returned
     flags because Borg does both checks by default. If "data" is in checks, that implies "archives".
-
-    Additionally, if a check_last value is given and "archives" is in checks, then include a
-    "--last" flag. And if a prefix value is given and "archives" is in checks, then include a
-    "--glob-archives" flag.
     '''
-    if 'archives' in checks:
-        last_flags = ('--last', str(check_last)) if check_last else ()
-        glob_archives_flags = ('--glob-archives', f'{prefix}*') if prefix else ()
-    else:
-        last_flags = ()
-        glob_archives_flags = ()
-        if check_last:
-            logger.info('Ignoring check_last option, as "archives" is not in consistency checks')
-        if prefix:
-            logger.info(
-                'Ignoring consistency prefix option, as "archives" is not in consistency checks'
-            )
-
     if 'data' in checks:
         data_flags = ('--verify-data',)
         checks += ('archives',)
     else:
         data_flags = ()
 
-    common_flags = last_flags + glob_archives_flags + data_flags
+    common_flags = archive_filter_flags + data_flags
 
     if {'repository', 'archives'}.issubset(set(checks)):
         return common_flags
 
     return (
-        tuple('--{}-only'.format(check) for check in checks if check in ('repository', 'archives'))
+        tuple(f'--{check}-only' for check in checks if check in ('repository', 'archives'))
         + common_flags
     )
 
 
-def make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check_type):
+def make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check_type, archives_check_id=None):
     '''
-    Given a location configuration dict, a Borg repository ID, and the name of a check type
-    ("repository", "archives", etc.), return a path for recording that check's time (the time of
-    that check last occurring).
+    Given a location configuration dict, a Borg repository ID, the name of a check type
+    ("repository", "archives", etc.), and a unique hash of the archives filter flags, return a
+    path for recording that check's time (the time of that check last occurring).
     '''
+    borgmatic_source_directory = os.path.expanduser(
+        location_config.get('borgmatic_source_directory', state.DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+    )
+
+    if check_type in ('archives', 'data'):
+        return os.path.join(
+            borgmatic_source_directory,
+            'checks',
+            borg_repository_id,
+            check_type,
+            archives_check_id if archives_check_id else 'all',
+        )
+
     return os.path.join(
-        os.path.expanduser(
-            location_config.get(
-                'borgmatic_source_directory', state.DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
-            )
-        ),
+        borgmatic_source_directory,
         'checks',
         borg_repository_id,
         check_type,
@@ -236,12 +287,81 @@ def read_check_time(path):
         return None
 
 
+def probe_for_check_time(location_config, borg_repository_id, check, archives_check_id):
+    '''
+    Given a location configuration dict, a Borg repository ID, the name of a check type
+    ("repository", "archives", etc.), and a unique hash of the archives filter flags, return a
+    the corresponding check time or None if such a check time does not exist.
+
+    When the check type is "archives" or "data", this function probes two different paths to find
+    the check time, e.g.:
+
+      ~/.borgmatic/checks/1234567890/archives/9876543210
+      ~/.borgmatic/checks/1234567890/archives/all
+
+    ... and returns the modification time of the first file found (if any). The first path
+    represents a more specific archives check time (a check on a subset of archives), and the second
+    is a fallback to the last "all" archives check.
+
+    For other check types, this function reads from a single check time path, e.g.:
+
+      ~/.borgmatic/checks/1234567890/repository
+    '''
+    check_times = (
+        read_check_time(group[0])
+        for group in itertools.groupby(
+            (
+                make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check, archives_check_id),
+                make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check),
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+    try:
+        return next(check_time for check_time in check_times if check_time)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return None
+
+
+def upgrade_check_times(location_config, borg_repository_id):
+    '''
+    Given a location configuration dict and a Borg repository ID, upgrade any corresponding check
+    times on disk from old-style paths to new-style paths.
+
+    Currently, the only upgrade performed is renaming an archive or data check path that looks like:
+
+      ~/.borgmatic/checks/1234567890/archives
+
+    to:
+
+      ~/.borgmatic/checks/1234567890/archives/all
+    '''
+    for check_type in ('archives', 'data'):
+        new_path = make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check_type, 'all')
+        old_path = os.path.dirname(new_path)
+        temporary_path = f'{old_path}.temp'
+
+        if not os.path.isfile(old_path) and not os.path.isfile(temporary_path):
+            return
+
+        logger.debug(f'Upgrading archives check time from {old_path} to {new_path}')
+
+        try:
+            os.rename(old_path, temporary_path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+
+        os.mkdir(old_path)
+        os.rename(temporary_path, new_path)
+
+
 def check_archives(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     location_config,
     storage_config,
     consistency_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     progress=None,
@@ -262,30 +382,41 @@ def check_archives(
     try:
         borg_repository_id = json.loads(
             rinfo.display_repository_info(
-                repository,
+                repository_path,
                 storage_config,
                 local_borg_version,
                 argparse.Namespace(json=True),
+                global_arguments,
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
         )['repository']['id']
     except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError):
-        raise ValueError(f'Cannot determine Borg repository ID for {repository}')
+        raise ValueError(f'Cannot determine Borg repository ID for {repository_path}')
+
+    upgrade_check_times(location_config, borg_repository_id)
+
+    check_last = consistency_config.get('check_last', None)
+    prefix = consistency_config.get('prefix')
+    configured_checks = parse_checks(consistency_config, only_checks)
+    lock_wait = None
+    extra_borg_options = storage_config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('check', '')
+    archive_filter_flags = make_archive_filter_flags(
+        local_borg_version, storage_config, configured_checks, check_last, prefix
+    )
+    archives_check_id = make_archives_check_id(archive_filter_flags)
 
     checks = filter_checks_on_frequency(
         location_config,
         consistency_config,
         borg_repository_id,
-        parse_checks(consistency_config, only_checks),
+        configured_checks,
         force,
+        archives_check_id,
     )
-    check_last = consistency_config.get('check_last', None)
-    lock_wait = None
-    extra_borg_options = storage_config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('check', '')
 
     if set(checks).intersection({'repository', 'archives', 'data'}):
-        lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
+        lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait')
 
         verbosity_flags = ()
         if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):
@@ -293,18 +424,17 @@ def check_archives(
         if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
             verbosity_flags = ('--debug', '--show-rc')
 
-        prefix = consistency_config.get('prefix', DEFAULT_PREFIX)
-
         full_command = (
             (local_path, 'check')
             + (('--repair',) if repair else ())
-            + make_check_flags(checks, check_last, prefix)
+            + make_check_flags(checks, archive_filter_flags)
             + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
+            + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
             + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
             + verbosity_flags
             + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
             + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-            + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+            + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
         )
 
         borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
@@ -319,10 +449,18 @@ def check_archives(
             execute_command(full_command, extra_environment=borg_environment)
 
         for check in checks:
-            write_check_time(make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check))
+            write_check_time(
+                make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, check, archives_check_id)
+            )
 
     if 'extract' in checks:
         extract.extract_last_archive_dry_run(
-            storage_config, local_borg_version, repository, lock_wait, local_path, remote_path
+            storage_config,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            repository_path,
+            lock_wait,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
         )
         write_check_time(make_check_time_path(location_config, borg_repository_id, 'extract'))

borgmatic/borg/compact.py

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def compact_segments(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     progress=False,
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ def compact_segments(
         (local_path, 'compact')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
         + (('--cleanup-commits',) if cleanup_commits else ())
@@ -36,11 +38,11 @@ def compact_segments(
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
     if dry_run:
-        logging.info(f'{repository}: Skipping compact (dry run)')
+        logging.info(f'{repository_path}: Skipping compact (dry run)')
         return
 
     execute_command(

borgmatic/borg/create.py

@@ -3,10 +3,17 @@ import itertools
 import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
+import stat
 import tempfile
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags, state
-from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command, execute_command_with_processes
+from borgmatic.execute import (
+    DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
+    execute_command,
+    execute_command_and_capture_output,
+    execute_command_with_processes,
+)
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -104,18 +111,23 @@ def deduplicate_directories(directory_devices, additional_directory_devices):
     return tuple(sorted(deduplicated))
 
 
-def write_pattern_file(patterns=None, sources=None):
+def write_pattern_file(patterns=None, sources=None, pattern_file=None):
     '''
     Given a sequence of patterns and an optional sequence of source directories, write them to a
     named temporary file (with the source directories as additional roots) and return the file.
+    If an optional open pattern file is given, overwrite it instead of making a new temporary file.
     Return None if no patterns are provided.
     '''
-    if not patterns:
+    if not patterns and not sources:
         return None
 
-    pattern_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('w')
+    if pattern_file is None:
+        pattern_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('w')
+    else:
+        pattern_file.seek(0)
+
     pattern_file.write(
-        '\n'.join(tuple(patterns) + tuple(f'R {source}' for source in (sources or [])))
+        '\n'.join(tuple(patterns or ()) + tuple(f'R {source}' for source in (sources or [])))
     )
     pattern_file.flush()
 
@@ -184,10 +196,31 @@ def make_exclude_flags(location_config, exclude_filename=None):
     )
 
 
-DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT = '{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}'
+def make_list_filter_flags(local_borg_version, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Given the local Borg version and whether this is a dry run, return the corresponding flags for
+    passing to "--list --filter". The general idea is that excludes are shown for a dry run or when
+    the verbosity is debug.
+    '''
+    base_flags = 'AME'
+    show_excludes = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    if feature.available(feature.Feature.EXCLUDED_FILES_MINUS, local_borg_version):
+        if show_excludes or dry_run:
+            return f'{base_flags}+-'
+        else:
+            return base_flags
+
+    if show_excludes:
+        return f'{base_flags}x-'
+    else:
+        return f'{base_flags}-'
 
 
-def borgmatic_source_directories(borgmatic_source_directory):
+DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT = '{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}'  # noqa: FS003
+
+
+def collect_borgmatic_source_directories(borgmatic_source_directory):
     '''
     Return a list of borgmatic-specific source directories used for state like database backups.
     '''
@@ -218,12 +251,82 @@ def pattern_root_directories(patterns=None):
     ]
 
 
+def special_file(path):
+    '''
+    Return whether the given path is a special file (character device, block device, or named pipe
+    / FIFO).
+    '''
+    try:
+        mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+    except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+    return stat.S_ISCHR(mode) or stat.S_ISBLK(mode) or stat.S_ISFIFO(mode)
+
+
+def any_parent_directories(path, candidate_parents):
+    '''
+    Return whether any of the given candidate parent directories are an actual parent of the given
+    path. This includes grandparents, etc.
+    '''
+    for parent in candidate_parents:
+        if pathlib.PurePosixPath(parent) in pathlib.PurePath(path).parents:
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def collect_special_file_paths(
+    create_command, local_path, working_directory, borg_environment, skip_directories
+):
+    '''
+    Given a Borg create command as a tuple, a local Borg path, a working directory, and a dict of
+    environment variables to pass to Borg, and a sequence of parent directories to skip, collect the
+    paths for any special files (character devices, block devices, and named pipes / FIFOs) that
+    Borg would encounter during a create. These are all paths that could cause Borg to hang if its
+    --read-special flag is used.
+    '''
+    paths_output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        create_command + ('--dry-run', '--list'),
+        capture_stderr=True,
+        working_directory=working_directory,
+        extra_environment=borg_environment,
+    )
+
+    paths = tuple(
+        path_line.split(' ', 1)[1]
+        for path_line in paths_output.split('\n')
+        if path_line and path_line.startswith('- ') or path_line.startswith('+ ')
+    )
+
+    return tuple(
+        path
+        for path in paths
+        if special_file(path) and not any_parent_directories(path, skip_directories)
+    )
+
+
+def check_all_source_directories_exist(source_directories):
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of source directories, check that they all exist. If any do not, raise an
+    exception.
+    '''
+    missing_directories = [
+        source_directory
+        for source_directory in source_directories
+        if not all([os.path.exists(directory) for directory in expand_directory(source_directory)])
+    ]
+    if missing_directories:
+        raise ValueError(f"Source directories do not exist: {', '.join(missing_directories)}")
+
+
 def create_archive(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     location_config,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     progress=False,
@@ -239,11 +342,16 @@ def create_archive(
     If a sequence of stream processes is given (instances of subprocess.Popen), then execute the
     create command while also triggering the given processes to produce output.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+    borgmatic_source_directories = expand_directories(
+        collect_borgmatic_source_directories(location_config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'))
+    )
+    if location_config.get('source_directories_must_exist', False):
+        check_all_source_directories_exist(location_config.get('source_directories'))
     sources = deduplicate_directories(
         map_directories_to_devices(
             expand_directories(
-                location_config.get('source_directories', [])
-                + borgmatic_source_directories(location_config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'))
+                tuple(location_config.get('source_directories', ())) + borgmatic_source_directories
             )
         ),
         additional_directory_devices=map_directories_to_devices(
@@ -251,20 +359,29 @@ def create_archive(
         ),
     )
 
+    ensure_files_readable(location_config.get('patterns_from'), location_config.get('exclude_from'))
+
     try:
         working_directory = os.path.expanduser(location_config.get('working_directory'))
     except TypeError:
         working_directory = None
-    pattern_file = write_pattern_file(location_config.get('patterns'), sources)
+
+    pattern_file = (
+        write_pattern_file(location_config.get('patterns'), sources)
+        if location_config.get('patterns') or location_config.get('patterns_from')
+        else None
+    )
     exclude_file = write_pattern_file(
         expand_home_directories(location_config.get('exclude_patterns'))
     )
     checkpoint_interval = storage_config.get('checkpoint_interval', None)
+    checkpoint_volume = storage_config.get('checkpoint_volume', None)
     chunker_params = storage_config.get('chunker_params', None)
     compression = storage_config.get('compression', None)
     upload_rate_limit = storage_config.get('upload_rate_limit', None)
     umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
+    list_filter_flags = make_list_filter_flags(local_borg_version, dry_run)
     files_cache = location_config.get('files_cache')
     archive_name_format = storage_config.get('archive_name_format', DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME_FORMAT)
     extra_borg_options = storage_config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('create', '')
@@ -293,14 +410,18 @@ def create_archive(
             ('--remote-ratelimit', str(upload_rate_limit)) if upload_rate_limit else ()
         )
 
-    ensure_files_readable(location_config.get('patterns_from'), location_config.get('exclude_from'))
+    if stream_processes and location_config.get('read_special') is False:
+        logger.warning(
+            f'{repository_path}: Ignoring configured "read_special" value of false, as true is needed for database hooks.'
+        )
 
-    full_command = (
+    create_command = (
         tuple(local_path.split(' '))
         + ('create',)
         + make_pattern_flags(location_config, pattern_file.name if pattern_file else None)
         + make_exclude_flags(location_config, exclude_file.name if exclude_file else None)
         + (('--checkpoint-interval', str(checkpoint_interval)) if checkpoint_interval else ())
+        + (('--checkpoint-volume', str(checkpoint_volume)) if checkpoint_volume else ())
         + (('--chunker-params', chunker_params) if chunker_params else ())
         + (('--compression', compression) if compression else ())
         + upload_ratelimit_flags
@@ -313,28 +434,30 @@ def create_archive(
         + atime_flags
         + (('--noctime',) if location_config.get('ctime') is False else ())
         + (('--nobirthtime',) if location_config.get('birthtime') is False else ())
-        + (('--read-special',) if (location_config.get('read_special') or stream_processes) else ())
+        + (('--read-special',) if location_config.get('read_special') or stream_processes else ())
         + noflags_flags
         + (('--files-cache', files_cache) if files_cache else ())
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
-        + (('--list', '--filter', 'AME-') if list_files and not json and not progress else ())
-        + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO and not json else ())
-        + (('--stats',) if stats and not json and not dry_run else ())
-        + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and not json else ())
+        + (
+            ('--list', '--filter', list_filter_flags)
+            if list_files and not json and not progress
+            else ()
+        )
         + (('--dry-run',) if dry_run else ())
-        + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
-        + (('--json',) if json else ())
         + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(repository, archive_name_format, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
+            repository_path, archive_name_format, local_borg_version
+        )
         + (sources if not pattern_file else ())
     )
 
     if json:
         output_log_level = None
-    elif (stats or list_files) and logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING:
-        output_log_level = logging.WARNING
+    elif list_files or (stats and not dry_run):
+        output_log_level = logging.ANSWER
     else:
         output_log_level = logging.INFO
 
@@ -344,9 +467,41 @@ def create_archive(
 
     borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
 
+    # If database hooks are enabled (as indicated by streaming processes), exclude files that might
+    # cause Borg to hang. But skip this if the user has explicitly set the "read_special" to True.
+    if stream_processes and not location_config.get('read_special'):
+        logger.debug(f'{repository_path}: Collecting special file paths')
+        special_file_paths = collect_special_file_paths(
+            create_command,
+            local_path,
+            working_directory,
+            borg_environment,
+            skip_directories=borgmatic_source_directories,
+        )
+
+        if special_file_paths:
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{repository_path}: Excluding special files to prevent Borg from hanging: {", ".join(special_file_paths)}'
+            )
+            exclude_file = write_pattern_file(
+                expand_home_directories(
+                    tuple(location_config.get('exclude_patterns') or ()) + special_file_paths
+                ),
+                pattern_file=exclude_file,
+            )
+            create_command += make_exclude_flags(location_config, exclude_file.name)
+
+    create_command += (
+        (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO and not json else ())
+        + (('--stats',) if stats and not json and not dry_run else ())
+        + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and not json else ())
+        + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
+        + (('--json',) if json else ())
+    )
+
     if stream_processes:
         return execute_command_with_processes(
-            full_command,
+            create_command,
             stream_processes,
             output_log_level,
             output_file,
@@ -354,12 +509,18 @@ def create_archive(
             working_directory=working_directory,
             extra_environment=borg_environment,
         )
-
-    return execute_command(
-        full_command,
-        output_log_level,
-        output_file,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
-        working_directory=working_directory,
-        extra_environment=borg_environment,
-    )
+    elif output_log_level is None:
+        return execute_command_and_capture_output(
+            create_command,
+            working_directory=working_directory,
+            extra_environment=borg_environment,
+        )
+    else:
+        execute_command(
+            create_command,
+            output_log_level,
+            output_file,
+            borg_local_path=local_path,
+            working_directory=working_directory,
+            extra_environment=borg_environment,
+        )

borgmatic/borg/environment.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ OPTION_TO_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE = {
     'borg_base_directory': 'BORG_BASE_DIR',
     'borg_config_directory': 'BORG_CONFIG_DIR',
     'borg_cache_directory': 'BORG_CACHE_DIR',
+    'borg_files_cache_ttl': 'BORG_FILES_CACHE_TTL',
     'borg_security_directory': 'BORG_SECURITY_DIR',
     'borg_keys_directory': 'BORG_KEYS_DIR',
     'encryption_passcommand': 'BORG_PASSCOMMAND',
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ def make_environment(storage_config):
         value = storage_config.get(option_name)
 
         if value:
-            environment[environment_variable_name] = value
+            environment[environment_variable_name] = str(value)
 
     for (
         option_name,

borgmatic/borg/export_tar.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import logging
-import os
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
 from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
 
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def export_tar_archive(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     archive,
     paths,
     destination_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     tar_filter=None,
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ def export_tar_archive(
 
     If the destination path is "-", then stream the output to stdout instead of to a file.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
 
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ def export_tar_archive(
         (local_path, 'export-tar')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--list',) if list_files else ())
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ def export_tar_archive(
         + (('--tar-filter', tar_filter) if tar_filter else ())
         + (('--strip-components', str(strip_components)) if strip_components else ())
         + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
-            repository if ':' in repository else os.path.abspath(repository),
+            repository_path,
             archive,
             local_borg_version,
         )
@@ -53,13 +56,13 @@ def export_tar_archive(
         + (tuple(paths) if paths else ())
     )
 
-    if list_files and logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING:
-        output_log_level = logging.WARNING
+    if list_files:
+        output_log_level = logging.ANSWER
     else:
         output_log_level = logging.INFO
 
     if dry_run:
-        logging.info('{}: Skipping export to tar file (dry run)'.format(repository))
+        logging.info(f'{repository_path}: Skipping export to tar file (dry run)')
         return
 
     execute_command(

borgmatic/borg/extract.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 import subprocess
 
+import borgmatic.config.validate
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags, rlist
 from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
 
@@ -11,7 +12,8 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def extract_last_archive_dry_run(
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
-    repository,
+    global_arguments,
+    repository_path,
     lock_wait=None,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
@@ -20,8 +22,6 @@ def extract_last_archive_dry_run(
     Perform an extraction dry-run of the most recent archive. If there are no archives, skip the
     dry-run.
     '''
-    remote_path_flags = ('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ()
-    lock_wait_flags = ('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ()
     verbosity_flags = ()
     if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
         verbosity_flags = ('--debug', '--show-rc')
@@ -30,7 +30,13 @@ def extract_last_archive_dry_run(
 
     try:
         last_archive_name = rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-            repository, 'latest', storage_config, local_borg_version, local_path, remote_path
+            repository_path,
+            'latest',
+            storage_config,
+            local_borg_version,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
         )
     except ValueError:
         logger.warning('No archives found. Skipping extract consistency check.')
@@ -40,11 +46,14 @@ def extract_last_archive_dry_run(
     borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
     full_extract_command = (
         (local_path, 'extract', '--dry-run')
-        + remote_path_flags
-        + lock_wait_flags
+        + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
+        + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + verbosity_flags
         + list_flag
-        + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(repository, last_archive_name, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
+            repository_path, last_archive_name, local_borg_version
+        )
     )
 
     execute_command(
@@ -60,6 +69,7 @@ def extract_archive(
     location_config,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     destination_path=None,
@@ -69,9 +79,9 @@ def extract_archive(
 ):
     '''
     Given a dry-run flag, a local or remote repository path, an archive name, zero or more paths to
-    restore from the archive, the local Borg version string, location/storage configuration dicts,
-    optional local and remote Borg paths, and an optional destination path to extract to, extract
-    the archive into the current directory.
+    restore from the archive, the local Borg version string, an argparse.Namespace of global
+    arguments, location/storage configuration dicts, optional local and remote Borg paths, and an
+    optional destination path to extract to, extract the archive into the current directory.
 
     If extract to stdout is True, then start the extraction streaming to stdout, and return that
     extract process as an instance of subprocess.Popen.
@@ -87,11 +97,19 @@ def extract_archive(
     else:
         numeric_ids_flags = ('--numeric-owner',) if location_config.get('numeric_ids') else ()
 
+    if strip_components == 'all':
+        if not paths:
+            raise ValueError('The --strip-components flag with "all" requires at least one --path')
+
+        # Calculate the maximum number of leading path components of the given paths.
+        strip_components = max(0, *(len(path.split(os.path.sep)) - 1 for path in paths))
+
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'extract')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + numeric_ids_flags
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--list', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
@@ -100,7 +118,9 @@ def extract_archive(
         + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
         + (('--stdout',) if extract_to_stdout else ())
         + flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
-            repository if ':' in repository else os.path.abspath(repository),
+            # Make the repository path absolute so the working directory changes below don't
+            # prevent Borg from finding the repo.
+            borgmatic.config.validate.normalize_repository_path(repository),
             archive,
             local_borg_version,
         )

borgmatic/borg/feature.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from enum import Enum
 
-from pkg_resources import parse_version
+from packaging.version import parse
 
 
 class Feature(Enum):
@@ -13,18 +13,22 @@ class Feature(Enum):
     RCREATE = 7
     RLIST = 8
     RINFO = 9
+    MATCH_ARCHIVES = 10
+    EXCLUDED_FILES_MINUS = 11
 
 
 FEATURE_TO_MINIMUM_BORG_VERSION = {
-    Feature.COMPACT: parse_version('1.2.0a2'),  # borg compact
-    Feature.ATIME: parse_version('1.2.0a7'),  # borg create --atime
-    Feature.NOFLAGS: parse_version('1.2.0a8'),  # borg create --noflags
-    Feature.NUMERIC_IDS: parse_version('1.2.0b3'),  # borg create/extract/mount --numeric-ids
-    Feature.UPLOAD_RATELIMIT: parse_version('1.2.0b3'),  # borg create --upload-ratelimit
-    Feature.SEPARATE_REPOSITORY_ARCHIVE: parse_version('2.0.0a2'),  # --repo with separate archive
-    Feature.RCREATE: parse_version('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rcreate
-    Feature.RLIST: parse_version('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rlist
-    Feature.RINFO: parse_version('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rinfo
+    Feature.COMPACT: parse('1.2.0a2'),  # borg compact
+    Feature.ATIME: parse('1.2.0a7'),  # borg create --atime
+    Feature.NOFLAGS: parse('1.2.0a8'),  # borg create --noflags
+    Feature.NUMERIC_IDS: parse('1.2.0b3'),  # borg create/extract/mount --numeric-ids
+    Feature.UPLOAD_RATELIMIT: parse('1.2.0b3'),  # borg create --upload-ratelimit
+    Feature.SEPARATE_REPOSITORY_ARCHIVE: parse('2.0.0a2'),  # --repo with separate archive
+    Feature.RCREATE: parse('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rcreate
+    Feature.RLIST: parse('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rlist
+    Feature.RINFO: parse('2.0.0a2'),  # borg rinfo
+    Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES: parse('2.0.0b3'),  # borg --match-archives
+    Feature.EXCLUDED_FILES_MINUS: parse('2.0.0b5'),  # --list --filter uses "-" for excludes
 }
 
 
@@ -33,4 +37,4 @@ def available(feature, borg_version):
     Given a Borg Feature constant and a Borg version string, return whether that feature is
     available in that version of Borg.
     '''
-    return FEATURE_TO_MINIMUM_BORG_VERSION[feature] <= parse_version(borg_version)
+    return FEATURE_TO_MINIMUM_BORG_VERSION[feature] <= parse(borg_version)

borgmatic/borg/flags.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import itertools
+import re
 
 from borgmatic.borg import feature
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ def make_flags(name, value):
     if not value:
         return ()
 
-    flag = '--{}'.format(name.replace('_', '-'))
+    flag = f"--{name.replace('_', '-')}"
 
     if value is True:
         return (flag,)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def make_flags_from_arguments(arguments, excludes=()):
     )
 
 
-def make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version):
+def make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version):
     '''
     Given the path of a Borg repository and the local Borg version, return Borg-version-appropriate
     command-line flags (as a tuple) for selecting that repository.
@@ -42,17 +43,41 @@ def make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version):
         ('--repo',)
         if feature.available(feature.Feature.SEPARATE_REPOSITORY_ARCHIVE, local_borg_version)
         else ()
-    ) + (repository,)
+    ) + (repository_path,)
 
 
-def make_repository_archive_flags(repository, archive, local_borg_version):
+def make_repository_archive_flags(repository_path, archive, local_borg_version):
     '''
     Given the path of a Borg repository, an archive name or pattern, and the local Borg version,
     return Borg-version-appropriate command-line flags (as a tuple) for selecting that repository
     and archive.
     '''
     return (
-        ('--repo', repository, archive)
+        ('--repo', repository_path, archive)
         if feature.available(feature.Feature.SEPARATE_REPOSITORY_ARCHIVE, local_borg_version)
-        else (f'{repository}::{archive}',)
+        else (f'{repository_path}::{archive}',)
     )
+
+
+def make_match_archives_flags(match_archives, archive_name_format, local_borg_version):
+    '''
+    Return match archives flags based on the given match archives value, if any. If it isn't set,
+    return match archives flags to match archives created with the given archive name format, if
+    any. This is done by replacing certain archive name format placeholders for ephemeral data (like
+    "{now}") with globs.
+    '''
+    if match_archives:
+        if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version):
+            return ('--match-archives', match_archives)
+        else:
+            return ('--glob-archives', re.sub(r'^sh:', '', match_archives))
+
+    if not archive_name_format:
+        return ()
+
+    derived_match_archives = re.sub(r'\{(now|utcnow|pid)([:%\w\.-]*)\}', '*', archive_name_format)
+
+    if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version):
+        return ('--match-archives', f'sh:{derived_match_archives}')
+    else:
+        return ('--glob-archives', f'{derived_match_archives}')

borgmatic/borg/info.py

@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 import logging
 
-from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+import borgmatic.logger
+from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_and_capture_output
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def display_archives_info(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     info_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
-    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, and the
-    arguments to the info action, display summary information for Borg archives in the repository or
-    return JSON summary information.
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, global
+    arguments as an argparse.Namespace, and the arguments to the info action, display summary
+    information for Borg archives in the repository or return JSON summary information.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
 
     full_command = (
@@ -34,22 +37,40 @@ def display_archives_info(
             else ()
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
         + (
-            flags.make_flags('glob-archives', f'{info_arguments.prefix}*')
+            (
+                flags.make_flags('match-archives', f'sh:{info_arguments.prefix}*')
+                if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version)
+                else flags.make_flags('glob-archives', f'{info_arguments.prefix}*')
+            )
             if info_arguments.prefix
-            else ()
+            else (
+                flags.make_match_archives_flags(
+                    info_arguments.match_archives
+                    or info_arguments.archive
+                    or storage_config.get('match_archives'),
+                    storage_config.get('archive_name_format'),
+                    local_borg_version,
+                )
+            )
         )
         + flags.make_flags_from_arguments(
-            info_arguments, excludes=('repository', 'archive', 'prefix')
+            info_arguments, excludes=('repository', 'archive', 'prefix', 'match_archives')
         )
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
-        + flags.make_flags('glob-archives', info_arguments.archive)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
-    return execute_command(
-        full_command,
-        output_log_level=None if info_arguments.json else logging.WARNING,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
-        extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
-    )
+    if info_arguments.json:
+        return execute_command_and_capture_output(
+            full_command,
+            extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
+        )
+    else:
+        execute_command(
+            full_command,
+            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+            borg_local_path=local_path,
+            extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
+        )

borgmatic/borg/list.py

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ import copy
 import logging
 import re
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags, rlist
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_and_capture_output
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-ARCHIVE_FILTER_FLAGS_MOVED_TO_RLIST = ('prefix', 'glob_archives', 'sort_by', 'first', 'last')
+ARCHIVE_FILTER_FLAGS_MOVED_TO_RLIST = ('prefix', 'match_archives', 'sort_by', 'first', 'last')
 MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES = (
     'repository',
     'archive',
@@ -20,10 +21,11 @@ MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES = (
 
 
 def make_list_command(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     list_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
@@ -47,14 +49,15 @@ def make_list_command(
             else ()
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
         + flags.make_flags_from_arguments(list_arguments, excludes=MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES)
         + (
             flags.make_repository_archive_flags(
-                repository, list_arguments.archive, local_borg_version
+                repository_path, list_arguments.archive, local_borg_version
             )
             if list_arguments.archive
-            else flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+            else flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
         )
         + (tuple(list_arguments.paths) if list_arguments.paths else ())
     )
@@ -84,21 +87,68 @@ def make_find_paths(find_paths):
     )
 
 
-def list_archive(
-    repository,
+def capture_archive_listing(
+    repository_path,
+    archive,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
-    list_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    list_path=None,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
-    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, the
-    arguments to the list action, and local and remote Borg paths, display the output of listing
-    the files of a Borg archive (or return JSON output). If list_arguments.find_paths are given,
-    list the files by searching across multiple archives. If neither find_paths nor archive name
-    are given, instead list the archives in the given repository.
+    Given a local or remote repository path, an archive name, a storage config dict, the local Borg
+    version, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace, the archive path in which to list files, and
+    local and remote Borg paths, capture the output of listing that archive and return it as a list
+    of file paths.
     '''
+    borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
+
+    return tuple(
+        execute_command_and_capture_output(
+            make_list_command(
+                repository_path,
+                storage_config,
+                local_borg_version,
+                argparse.Namespace(
+                    repository=repository_path,
+                    archive=archive,
+                    paths=[f'sh:{list_path}'],
+                    find_paths=None,
+                    json=None,
+                    format='{path}{NL}',  # noqa: FS003
+                ),
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            ),
+            extra_environment=borg_environment,
+        )
+        .strip('\n')
+        .split('\n')
+    )
+
+
+def list_archive(
+    repository_path,
+    storage_config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    list_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path='borg',
+    remote_path=None,
+):
+    '''
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, global
+    arguments as an argparse.Namespace, the arguments to the list action as an argparse.Namespace,
+    and local and remote Borg paths, display the output of listing the files of a Borg archive (or
+    return JSON output). If list_arguments.find_paths are given, list the files by searching across
+    multiple archives. If neither find_paths nor archive name are given, instead list the archives
+    in the given repository.
+    '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+
     if not list_arguments.archive and not list_arguments.find_paths:
         if feature.available(feature.Feature.RLIST, local_borg_version):
             logger.warning(
@@ -106,18 +156,24 @@ def list_archive(
             )
 
         rlist_arguments = argparse.Namespace(
-            repository=repository,
+            repository=repository_path,
             short=list_arguments.short,
             format=list_arguments.format,
             json=list_arguments.json,
             prefix=list_arguments.prefix,
-            glob_archives=list_arguments.glob_archives,
+            match_archives=list_arguments.match_archives,
             sort_by=list_arguments.sort_by,
             first=list_arguments.first,
             last=list_arguments.last,
         )
         return rlist.list_repository(
-            repository, storage_config, local_borg_version, rlist_arguments, local_path, remote_path
+            repository_path,
+            storage_config,
+            local_borg_version,
+            rlist_arguments,
+            global_arguments,
+            local_path,
+            remote_path,
         )
 
     if list_arguments.archive:
@@ -138,12 +194,12 @@ def list_archive(
     # getting a list of archives to search.
     if list_arguments.find_paths and not list_arguments.archive:
         rlist_arguments = argparse.Namespace(
-            repository=repository,
+            repository=repository_path,
             short=True,
             format=None,
             json=None,
             prefix=list_arguments.prefix,
-            glob_archives=list_arguments.glob_archives,
+            match_archives=list_arguments.match_archives,
             sort_by=list_arguments.sort_by,
             first=list_arguments.first,
             last=list_arguments.last,
@@ -151,17 +207,16 @@ def list_archive(
 
         # Ask Borg to list archives. Capture its output for use below.
         archive_lines = tuple(
-            execute_command(
+            execute_command_and_capture_output(
                 rlist.make_rlist_command(
-                    repository,
+                    repository_path,
                     storage_config,
                     local_borg_version,
                     rlist_arguments,
+                    global_arguments,
                     local_path,
                     remote_path,
                 ),
-                output_log_level=None,
-                borg_local_path=local_path,
                 extra_environment=borg_environment,
             )
             .strip('\n')
@@ -172,7 +227,7 @@ def list_archive(
 
     # For each archive listed by Borg, run list on the contents of that archive.
     for archive in archive_lines:
-        logger.warning(f'{repository}: Listing archive {archive}')
+        logger.answer(f'{repository_path}: Listing archive {archive}')
 
         archive_arguments = copy.copy(list_arguments)
         archive_arguments.archive = archive
@@ -183,17 +238,18 @@ def list_archive(
             setattr(archive_arguments, name, None)
 
         main_command = make_list_command(
-            repository,
+            repository_path,
             storage_config,
             local_borg_version,
             archive_arguments,
+            global_arguments,
             local_path,
             remote_path,
         ) + make_find_paths(list_arguments.find_paths)
 
         execute_command(
             main_command,
-            output_log_level=logging.WARNING,
+            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
             borg_local_path=local_path,
             extra_environment=borg_environment,
         )

borgmatic/borg/mount.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def mount_archive(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     archive,
     mount_point,
     paths,
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ def mount_archive(
     options,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, an optional archive name, a filesystem mount point,
     zero or more paths to mount from the archive, extra Borg mount options, a storage configuration
-    dict, the local Borg version, and optional local and remote Borg paths, mount the archive onto
-    the mount point.
+    dict, the local Borg version, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace instance, and optional
+    local and remote Borg paths, mount the archive onto the mount point.
     '''
     umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ def mount_archive(
         (local_path, 'mount')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
@@ -38,14 +40,18 @@ def mount_archive(
         + (('-o', options) if options else ())
         + (
             (
-                flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
-                + ('--glob-archives', archive)
+                flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
+                + (
+                    ('--match-archives', archive)
+                    if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version)
+                    else ('--glob-archives', archive)
+                )
             )
             if feature.available(feature.Feature.SEPARATE_REPOSITORY_ARCHIVE, local_borg_version)
             else (
-                flags.make_repository_archive_flags(repository, archive, local_borg_version)
+                flags.make_repository_archive_flags(repository_path, archive, local_borg_version)
                 if archive
-                else flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+                else flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
             )
         )
         + (mount_point,)

borgmatic/borg/prune.py

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import logging
 
-from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
+import borgmatic.logger
+from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags
 from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def make_prune_flags(retention_config):
+def make_prune_flags(storage_config, retention_config, local_borg_version):
     '''
-    Given a retention config dict mapping from option name to value, tranform it into an iterable of
-    command-line name-value flag pairs.
+    Given a retention config dict mapping from option name to value, transform it into an sequence of
+    command-line flags.
 
     For example, given a retention config of:
 
@@ -23,21 +24,36 @@ def make_prune_flags(retention_config):
         )
     '''
     config = retention_config.copy()
-    prefix = config.pop('prefix', '{hostname}-')
-    if prefix:
-        config['glob_archives'] = f'{prefix}*'
+    prefix = config.pop('prefix', None)
 
-    return (
+    flag_pairs = (
         ('--' + option_name.replace('_', '-'), str(value)) for option_name, value in config.items()
     )
 
+    return tuple(element for pair in flag_pairs for element in pair) + (
+        (
+            ('--match-archives', f'sh:{prefix}*')
+            if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version)
+            else ('--glob-archives', f'{prefix}*')
+        )
+        if prefix
+        else (
+            flags.make_match_archives_flags(
+                storage_config.get('match_archives'),
+                storage_config.get('archive_name_format'),
+                local_borg_version,
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
 
 def prune_archives(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     retention_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
     stats=False,
@@ -48,15 +64,17 @@ def prune_archives(
     retention config dict, prune Borg archives according to the retention policy specified in that
     configuration.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
     extra_borg_options = storage_config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('prune', '')
 
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'prune')
-        + tuple(element for pair in make_prune_flags(retention_config) for element in pair)
+        + make_prune_flags(storage_config, retention_config, local_borg_version)
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--stats',) if stats and not dry_run else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
@@ -64,11 +82,11 @@ def prune_archives(
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + (('--dry-run',) if dry_run else ())
         + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
-    if (stats or list_archives) and logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.WARNING:
-        output_log_level = logging.WARNING
+    if stats or list_archives:
+        output_log_level = logging.ANSWER
     else:
         output_log_level = logging.INFO
 

borgmatic/borg/rcreate.py

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ RINFO_REPOSITORY_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_CODE = 2
 
 def create_repository(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
     encryption_mode,
     source_repository=None,
     copy_crypt_key=False,
@@ -33,19 +34,21 @@ def create_repository(
     '''
     try:
         rinfo.display_repository_info(
-            repository,
+            repository_path,
             storage_config,
             local_borg_version,
             argparse.Namespace(json=True),
+            global_arguments,
             local_path,
             remote_path,
         )
-        logger.info(f'{repository}: Repository already exists. Skipping creation.')
+        logger.info(f'{repository_path}: Repository already exists. Skipping creation.')
         return
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         if error.returncode != RINFO_REPOSITORY_NOT_FOUND_EXIT_CODE:
             raise
 
+    lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait')
     extra_borg_options = storage_config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('rcreate', '')
 
     rcreate_command = (
@@ -63,13 +66,15 @@ def create_repository(
         + (('--make-parent-dirs',) if make_parent_dirs else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug',) if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if global_arguments.log_json else ())
+        + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (tuple(extra_borg_options.split(' ')) if extra_borg_options else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
     if dry_run:
-        logging.info(f'{repository}: Skipping repository creation (dry run)')
+        logging.info(f'{repository_path}: Skipping repository creation (dry run)')
         return
 
     # Do not capture output here, so as to support interactive prompts.

borgmatic/borg/rinfo.py

@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 import logging
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_and_capture_output
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def display_repository_info(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     rinfo_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
-    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, and the
-    arguments to the rinfo action, display summary information for the Borg repository or return
-    JSON summary information.
+    Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, the
+    arguments to the rinfo action, and global arguments as an argparse.Namespace, display summary
+    information for the Borg repository or return JSON summary information.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
 
     full_command = (
@@ -39,14 +42,23 @@ def display_repository_info(
             else ()
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
         + (('--json',) if rinfo_arguments.json else ())
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
-    return execute_command(
-        full_command,
-        output_log_level=None if rinfo_arguments.json else logging.WARNING,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
-        extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
-    )
+    extra_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
+
+    if rinfo_arguments.json:
+        return execute_command_and_capture_output(
+            full_command,
+            extra_environment=extra_environment,
+        )
+    else:
+        execute_command(
+            full_command,
+            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+            borg_local_path=local_path,
+            extra_environment=extra_environment,
+        )

borgmatic/borg/rlist.py

@@ -1,44 +1,47 @@
 import logging
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, feature, flags
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_and_capture_output
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def resolve_archive_name(
-    repository, archive, storage_config, local_borg_version, local_path='borg', remote_path=None
+    repository_path,
+    archive,
+    storage_config,
+    local_borg_version,
+    global_arguments,
+    local_path='borg',
+    remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
-    Given a local or remote repository path, an archive name, a storage config dict, a local Borg
-    path, and a remote Borg path, simply return the archive name. But if the archive name is
-    "latest", then instead introspect the repository for the latest archive and return its name.
+    Given a local or remote repository path, an archive name, a storage config dict, the local Borg
+    version, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace, a local Borg path, and a remote Borg path,
+    return the archive name. But if the archive name is "latest", then instead introspect the
+    repository for the latest archive and return its name.
 
     Raise ValueError if "latest" is given but there are no archives in the repository.
     '''
-    if archive != "latest":
+    if archive != 'latest':
         return archive
 
-    lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
-
     full_command = (
         (
             local_path,
             'rlist' if feature.available(feature.Feature.RLIST, local_borg_version) else 'list',
         )
-        + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
-        + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
-        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
+        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', storage_config.get('lock_wait'))
         + flags.make_flags('last', 1)
         + ('--short',)
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
-    output = execute_command(
+    output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
         full_command,
-        output_log_level=None,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
         extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
     )
     try:
@@ -46,29 +49,28 @@ def resolve_archive_name(
     except IndexError:
         raise ValueError('No archives found in the repository')
 
-    logger.debug('{}: Latest archive is {}'.format(repository, latest_archive))
+    logger.debug(f'{repository_path}: Latest archive is {latest_archive}')
 
     return latest_archive
 
 
-MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES = ('repository', 'prefix')
+MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES = ('repository', 'prefix', 'match_archives')
 
 
 def make_rlist_command(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     rlist_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, the
-    arguments to the rlist action, and local and remote Borg paths, return a command as a tuple to
-    list archives with a repository.
+    arguments to the rlist action, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace instance, and local and
+    remote Borg paths, return a command as a tuple to list archives with a repository.
     '''
-    lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
-
     return (
         (
             local_path,
@@ -85,42 +87,62 @@ def make_rlist_command(
             else ()
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
-        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
+        + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', storage_config.get('lock_wait'))
         + (
-            flags.make_flags('glob-archives', f'{rlist_arguments.prefix}*')
+            (
+                flags.make_flags('match-archives', f'sh:{rlist_arguments.prefix}*')
+                if feature.available(feature.Feature.MATCH_ARCHIVES, local_borg_version)
+                else flags.make_flags('glob-archives', f'{rlist_arguments.prefix}*')
+            )
             if rlist_arguments.prefix
-            else ()
+            else (
+                flags.make_match_archives_flags(
+                    rlist_arguments.match_archives or storage_config.get('match_archives'),
+                    storage_config.get('archive_name_format'),
+                    local_borg_version,
+                )
+            )
         )
         + flags.make_flags_from_arguments(rlist_arguments, excludes=MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES)
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
     )
 
 
 def list_repository(
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     rlist_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg version, the
-    arguments to the list action, and local and remote Borg paths, display the output of listing
-    Borg archives in the given repository (or return JSON output).
+    arguments to the list action, global arguments as an argparse.Namespace instance, and local and
+    remote Borg paths, display the output of listing Borg archives in the given repository (or
+    return JSON output).
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
     borg_environment = environment.make_environment(storage_config)
 
     main_command = make_rlist_command(
-        repository, storage_config, local_borg_version, rlist_arguments, local_path, remote_path
-    )
-
-    output = execute_command(
-        main_command,
-        output_log_level=None if rlist_arguments.json else logging.WARNING,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
-        extra_environment=borg_environment,
+        repository_path,
+        storage_config,
+        local_borg_version,
+        rlist_arguments,
+        global_arguments,
+        local_path,
+        remote_path,
     )
 
     if rlist_arguments.json:
-        return output
+        return execute_command_and_capture_output(main_command, extra_environment=borg_environment)
+    else:
+        execute_command(
+            main_command,
+            output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+            borg_local_path=local_path,
+            extra_environment=borg_environment,
+        )

borgmatic/borg/transfer.py

@@ -1,45 +1,60 @@
 import logging
 
+import borgmatic.logger
 from borgmatic.borg import environment, flags
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import DO_NOT_CAPTURE, execute_command
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def transfer_archives(
     dry_run,
-    repository,
+    repository_path,
     storage_config,
     local_borg_version,
     transfer_arguments,
+    global_arguments,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
 ):
     '''
     Given a dry-run flag, a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, the local Borg
-    version, and the arguments to the transfer action, transfer archives to the given repository.
+    version, the arguments to the transfer action, and global arguments as an argparse.Namespace
+    instance, transfer archives to the given repository.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'transfer')
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
+        + flags.make_flags('log-json', global_arguments.log_json)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', storage_config.get('lock_wait', None))
-        + flags.make_flags(
-            'glob-archives', transfer_arguments.glob_archives or transfer_arguments.archive
+        + (
+            flags.make_flags_from_arguments(
+                transfer_arguments,
+                excludes=('repository', 'source_repository', 'archive', 'match_archives'),
+            )
+            or (
+                flags.make_match_archives_flags(
+                    transfer_arguments.match_archives
+                    or transfer_arguments.archive
+                    or storage_config.get('match_archives'),
+                    storage_config.get('archive_name_format'),
+                    local_borg_version,
+                )
+            )
         )
-        + flags.make_flags_from_arguments(
-            transfer_arguments,
-            excludes=('repository', 'source_repository', 'archive', 'glob_archives'),
-        )
-        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository, local_borg_version)
+        + flags.make_repository_flags(repository_path, local_borg_version)
         + flags.make_flags('other-repo', transfer_arguments.source_repository)
         + flags.make_flags('dry-run', dry_run)
     )
 
     return execute_command(
         full_command,
-        output_log_level=logging.WARNING,
+        output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
+        output_file=DO_NOT_CAPTURE if transfer_arguments.progress else None,
         borg_local_path=local_path,
         extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
     )

borgmatic/borg/version.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 
 from borgmatic.borg import environment
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command_and_capture_output
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ def local_borg_version(storage_config, local_path='borg'):
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
     )
-    output = execute_command(
+    output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
         full_command,
-        output_log_level=None,
-        borg_local_path=local_path,
         extra_environment=environment.make_environment(storage_config),
     )
 

borgmatic/commands/arguments.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ SUBPARSER_ALIASES = {
     'rinfo': [],
     'info': ['-i'],
     'transfer': [],
+    'break-lock': [],
     'borg': [],
 }
 
@@ -45,11 +46,12 @@ def parse_subparser_arguments(unparsed_arguments, subparsers):
     if 'borg' in unparsed_arguments:
         subparsers = {'borg': subparsers['borg']}
 
-    for subparser_name, subparser in subparsers.items():
-        if subparser_name not in remaining_arguments:
-            continue
+    for argument in remaining_arguments:
+        canonical_name = alias_to_subparser_name.get(argument, argument)
+        subparser = subparsers.get(canonical_name)
 
-        canonical_name = alias_to_subparser_name.get(subparser_name, subparser_name)
+        if not subparser:
+            continue
 
         # If a parsed value happens to be the same as the name of a subparser, remove it from the
         # remaining arguments. This prevents, for instance, "check --only extract" from triggering
@@ -66,9 +68,9 @@ def parse_subparser_arguments(unparsed_arguments, subparsers):
 
         arguments[canonical_name] = parsed
 
-    # If no actions are explicitly requested, assume defaults: prune, compact, create, and check.
+    # If no actions are explicitly requested, assume defaults.
     if not arguments and '--help' not in unparsed_arguments and '-h' not in unparsed_arguments:
-        for subparser_name in ('prune', 'compact', 'create', 'check'):
+        for subparser_name in ('create', 'prune', 'compact', 'check'):
             subparser = subparsers[subparser_name]
             parsed, unused_remaining = subparser.parse_known_args(unparsed_arguments)
             arguments[subparser_name] = parsed
@@ -129,9 +131,7 @@ def make_parsers():
         nargs='*',
         dest='config_paths',
         default=config_paths,
-        help='Configuration filenames or directories, defaults to: {}'.format(
-            ' '.join(unexpanded_config_paths)
-        ),
+        help=f"Configuration filenames or directories, defaults to: {' '.join(unexpanded_config_paths)}",
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--excludes',
@@ -180,9 +180,18 @@ def make_parsers():
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--log-file',
         type=str,
-        default=None,
         help='Write log messages to this file instead of syslog',
     )
+    global_group.add_argument(
+        '--log-file-format',
+        type=str,
+        help='Log format string used for log messages written to the log file',
+    )
+    global_group.add_argument(
+        '--log-json',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Write log messages and console output as one JSON object per log line instead of formatted text',
+    )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--override',
         metavar='SECTION.OPTION=VALUE',
@@ -203,6 +212,12 @@ def make_parsers():
         action='store_true',
         help='Show bash completion script and exit',
     )
+    global_group.add_argument(
+        '--fish-completion',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Show fish completion script and exit',
+    )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--version',
         dest='version',
@@ -214,7 +229,7 @@ def make_parsers():
     top_level_parser = ArgumentParser(
         description='''
             Simple, configuration-driven backup software for servers and workstations. If none of
-            the action options are given, then borgmatic defaults to: prune, compact, create, and
+            the action options are given, then borgmatic defaults to: create, prune, compact, and
             check.
             ''',
         parents=[global_parser],
@@ -223,7 +238,7 @@ def make_parsers():
     subparsers = top_level_parser.add_subparsers(
         title='actions',
         metavar='',
-        help='Specify zero or more actions. Defaults to prune, compact, create, and check. Use --help with action for details:',
+        help='Specify zero or more actions. Defaults to create, prune, compact, and check. Use --help with action for details:',
     )
     rcreate_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         'rcreate',
@@ -246,16 +261,23 @@ def make_parsers():
         metavar='KEY_REPOSITORY',
         help='Path to an existing Borg repository whose key material should be reused (Borg 2.x+ only)',
     )
+    rcreate_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of the new repository to create (must be already specified in a borgmatic configuration file), defaults to the configured repository if there is only one',
+    )
     rcreate_group.add_argument(
         '--copy-crypt-key',
         action='store_true',
         help='Copy the crypt key used for authenticated encryption from the source repository, defaults to a new random key (Borg 2.x+ only)',
     )
     rcreate_group.add_argument(
-        '--append-only', action='store_true', help='Create an append-only repository',
+        '--append-only',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Create an append-only repository',
     )
     rcreate_group.add_argument(
-        '--storage-quota', help='Create a repository with a fixed storage quota',
+        '--storage-quota',
+        help='Create a repository with a fixed storage quota',
     )
     rcreate_group.add_argument(
         '--make-parent-dirs',
@@ -289,13 +311,20 @@ def make_parsers():
     )
     transfer_group.add_argument(
         '--upgrader',
-        help='Upgrader type used to convert the transfered data, e.g. "From12To20" to upgrade data from Borg 1.2 to 2.0 format, defaults to no conversion',
+        help='Upgrader type used to convert the transferred data, e.g. "From12To20" to upgrade data from Borg 1.2 to 2.0 format, defaults to no conversion',
+    )
+    transfer_group.add_argument(
+        '--progress',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Display progress as each archive is transferred',
     )
     transfer_group.add_argument(
         '-a',
+        '--match-archives',
         '--glob-archives',
-        metavar='GLOB',
-        help='Only transfer archives with names matching this glob',
+        metavar='PATTERN',
+        help='Only transfer archives with names matching this pattern',
     )
     transfer_group.add_argument(
         '--sort-by', metavar='KEYS', help='Comma-separated list of sorting keys'
@@ -320,6 +349,10 @@ def make_parsers():
         add_help=False,
     )
     prune_group = prune_parser.add_argument_group('prune arguments')
+    prune_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of specific existing repository to prune (must be already specified in a borgmatic configuration file)',
+    )
     prune_group.add_argument(
         '--stats',
         dest='stats',
@@ -335,11 +368,15 @@ def make_parsers():
     compact_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         'compact',
         aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['compact'],
-        help='Compact segments to free space (Borg 1.2+ only)',
-        description='Compact segments to free space (Borg 1.2+ only)',
+        help='Compact segments to free space (Borg 1.2+, borgmatic 1.5.23+ only)',
+        description='Compact segments to free space (Borg 1.2+, borgmatic 1.5.23+ only)',
         add_help=False,
     )
     compact_group = compact_parser.add_argument_group('compact arguments')
+    compact_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of specific existing repository to compact (must be already specified in a borgmatic configuration file)',
+    )
     compact_group.add_argument(
         '--progress',
         dest='progress',
@@ -372,6 +409,10 @@ def make_parsers():
         add_help=False,
     )
     create_group = create_parser.add_argument_group('create arguments')
+    create_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of specific existing repository to backup to (must be already specified in a borgmatic configuration file)',
+    )
     create_group.add_argument(
         '--progress',
         dest='progress',
@@ -402,6 +443,10 @@ def make_parsers():
         add_help=False,
     )
     check_group = check_parser.add_argument_group('check arguments')
+    check_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of specific existing repository to check (must be already specified in a borgmatic configuration file)',
+    )
     check_group.add_argument(
         '--progress',
         dest='progress',
@@ -463,10 +508,9 @@ def make_parsers():
     )
     extract_group.add_argument(
         '--strip-components',
-        type=int,
+        type=lambda number: number if number == 'all' else int(number),
         metavar='NUMBER',
-        dest='strip_components',
-        help='Number of leading path components to remove from each extracted path. Skip paths with fewer elements',
+        help='Number of leading path components to remove from each extracted path or "all" to strip all leading path components. Skip paths with fewer elements',
     )
     extract_group.add_argument(
         '--progress',
@@ -599,7 +643,14 @@ def make_parsers():
         metavar='NAME',
         nargs='+',
         dest='databases',
-        help='Names of databases to restore from archive, defaults to all databases. Note that any databases to restore must be defined in borgmatic\'s configuration',
+        help="Names of databases to restore from archive, defaults to all databases. Note that any databases to restore must be defined in borgmatic's configuration",
+    )
+    restore_group.add_argument(
+        '--schema',
+        metavar='NAME',
+        nargs='+',
+        dest='schemas',
+        help='Names of schemas to restore from the database, defaults to all schemas. Schemas are only supported for PostgreSQL and MongoDB databases',
     )
     restore_group.add_argument(
         '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
@@ -614,7 +665,8 @@ def make_parsers():
     )
     rlist_group = rlist_parser.add_argument_group('rlist arguments')
     rlist_group.add_argument(
-        '--repository', help='Path of repository to list, defaults to the configured repositories',
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of repository to list, defaults to the configured repositories',
     )
     rlist_group.add_argument(
         '--short', default=False, action='store_true', help='Output only archive names'
@@ -624,10 +676,14 @@ def make_parsers():
         '--json', default=False, action='store_true', help='Output results as JSON'
     )
     rlist_group.add_argument(
-        '-P', '--prefix', help='Only list archive names starting with this prefix'
+        '-P', '--prefix', help='Deprecated. Only list archive names starting with this prefix'
     )
     rlist_group.add_argument(
-        '-a', '--glob-archives', metavar='GLOB', help='Only list archive names matching this glob'
+        '-a',
+        '--match-archives',
+        '--glob-archives',
+        metavar='PATTERN',
+        help='Only list archive names matching this pattern',
     )
     rlist_group.add_argument(
         '--sort-by', metavar='KEYS', help='Comma-separated list of sorting keys'
@@ -675,10 +731,14 @@ def make_parsers():
         '--json', default=False, action='store_true', help='Output results as JSON'
     )
     list_group.add_argument(
-        '-P', '--prefix', help='Only list archive names starting with this prefix'
+        '-P', '--prefix', help='Deprecated. Only list archive names starting with this prefix'
     )
     list_group.add_argument(
-        '-a', '--glob-archives', metavar='GLOB', help='Only list archive names matching this glob'
+        '-a',
+        '--match-archives',
+        '--glob-archives',
+        metavar='PATTERN',
+        help='Only list archive names matching this pattern',
     )
     list_group.add_argument(
         '--successful',
@@ -743,13 +803,16 @@ def make_parsers():
         '--json', dest='json', default=False, action='store_true', help='Output results as JSON'
     )
     info_group.add_argument(
-        '-P', '--prefix', help='Only show info for archive names starting with this prefix'
+        '-P',
+        '--prefix',
+        help='Deprecated. Only show info for archive names starting with this prefix',
     )
     info_group.add_argument(
         '-a',
+        '--match-archives',
         '--glob-archives',
-        metavar='GLOB',
-        help='Only show info for archive names matching this glob',
+        metavar='PATTERN',
+        help='Only show info for archive names matching this pattern',
     )
     info_group.add_argument(
         '--sort-by', metavar='KEYS', help='Comma-separated list of sorting keys'
@@ -764,11 +827,27 @@ def make_parsers():
     )
     info_group.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit')
 
+    break_lock_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
+        'break-lock',
+        aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['break-lock'],
+        help='Break the repository and cache locks left behind by Borg aborting',
+        description='Break Borg repository and cache locks left behind by Borg aborting',
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+    break_lock_group = break_lock_parser.add_argument_group('break-lock arguments')
+    break_lock_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of repository to break the lock for, defaults to the configured repository if there is only one',
+    )
+    break_lock_group.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
+    )
+
     borg_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         'borg',
         aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['borg'],
         help='Run an arbitrary Borg command',
-        description='Run an arbitrary Borg command based on borgmatic\'s configuration',
+        description="Run an arbitrary Borg command based on borgmatic's configuration",
         add_help=False,
     )
     borg_group = borg_parser.add_argument_group('borg arguments')
@@ -806,6 +885,15 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
             'The --excludes flag has been replaced with exclude_patterns in configuration.'
         )
 
+    if 'create' in arguments and arguments['create'].list_files and arguments['create'].progress:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'With the create action, only one of --list (--files) and --progress flags can be used.'
+        )
+    if 'create' in arguments and arguments['create'].list_files and arguments['create'].json:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'With the create action, only one of --list (--files) and --json flags can be used.'
+        )
+
     if (
         ('list' in arguments and 'rinfo' in arguments and arguments['list'].json)
         or ('list' in arguments and 'info' in arguments and arguments['list'].json)
@@ -816,19 +904,29 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
     if (
         'transfer' in arguments
         and arguments['transfer'].archive
-        and arguments['transfer'].glob_archives
+        and arguments['transfer'].match_archives
     ):
         raise ValueError(
-            'With the transfer action, only one of --archive and --glob-archives flags can be used.'
+            'With the transfer action, only one of --archive and --match-archives flags can be used.'
+        )
+
+    if 'list' in arguments and (arguments['list'].prefix and arguments['list'].match_archives):
+        raise ValueError(
+            'With the list action, only one of --prefix or --match-archives flags can be used.'
+        )
+
+    if 'rlist' in arguments and (arguments['rlist'].prefix and arguments['rlist'].match_archives):
+        raise ValueError(
+            'With the rlist action, only one of --prefix or --match-archives flags can be used.'
         )
 
     if 'info' in arguments and (
         (arguments['info'].archive and arguments['info'].prefix)
-        or (arguments['info'].archive and arguments['info'].glob_archives)
-        or (arguments['info'].prefix and arguments['info'].glob_archives)
+        or (arguments['info'].archive and arguments['info'].match_archives)
+        or (arguments['info'].prefix and arguments['info'].match_archives)
     ):
         raise ValueError(
-            'With the info action, only one of --archive, --prefix, or --glob-archives flags can be used.'
+            'With the info action, only one of --archive, --prefix, or --match-archives flags can be used.'
         )
 
     return arguments

borgmatic/commands/borgmatic.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import collections
-import copy
 import json
 import logging
 import os
@@ -9,30 +8,35 @@ from queue import Queue
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 
 import colorama
-import pkg_resources
 
+try:
+    import importlib_metadata
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    import importlib.metadata as importlib_metadata
+
+import borgmatic.actions.borg
+import borgmatic.actions.break_lock
+import borgmatic.actions.check
+import borgmatic.actions.compact
+import borgmatic.actions.create
+import borgmatic.actions.export_tar
+import borgmatic.actions.extract
+import borgmatic.actions.info
+import borgmatic.actions.list
+import borgmatic.actions.mount
+import borgmatic.actions.prune
+import borgmatic.actions.rcreate
+import borgmatic.actions.restore
+import borgmatic.actions.rinfo
+import borgmatic.actions.rlist
+import borgmatic.actions.transfer
 import borgmatic.commands.completion
-from borgmatic.borg import borg as borg_borg
-from borgmatic.borg import check as borg_check
-from borgmatic.borg import compact as borg_compact
-from borgmatic.borg import create as borg_create
-from borgmatic.borg import export_tar as borg_export_tar
-from borgmatic.borg import extract as borg_extract
-from borgmatic.borg import feature as borg_feature
-from borgmatic.borg import info as borg_info
-from borgmatic.borg import list as borg_list
-from borgmatic.borg import mount as borg_mount
-from borgmatic.borg import prune as borg_prune
-from borgmatic.borg import rcreate as borg_rcreate
-from borgmatic.borg import rinfo as borg_rinfo
-from borgmatic.borg import rlist as borg_rlist
-from borgmatic.borg import transfer as borg_transfer
 from borgmatic.borg import umount as borg_umount
 from borgmatic.borg import version as borg_version
 from borgmatic.commands.arguments import parse_arguments
 from borgmatic.config import checks, collect, convert, validate
-from borgmatic.hooks import command, dispatch, dump, monitor
-from borgmatic.logger import configure_logging, should_do_markup
+from borgmatic.hooks import command, dispatch, monitor
+from borgmatic.logger import add_custom_log_levels, configure_logging, should_do_markup
 from borgmatic.signals import configure_signals
 from borgmatic.verbosity import verbosity_to_log_level
 
@@ -44,8 +48,8 @@ LEGACY_CONFIG_PATH = '/etc/borgmatic/config'
 def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
     '''
     Given a config filename, the corresponding parsed config dict, and command-line arguments as a
-    dict from subparser name to a namespace of parsed arguments, execute the defined prune, compact,
-    create, check, and/or other actions.
+    dict from subparser name to a namespace of parsed arguments, execute the defined create, prune,
+    compact, check, and/or other actions.
 
     Yield a combination of:
 
@@ -64,15 +68,13 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
     retry_wait = storage.get('retry_wait', 0)
     encountered_error = None
     error_repository = ''
-    using_primary_action = {'prune', 'compact', 'create', 'check'}.intersection(arguments)
+    using_primary_action = {'create', 'prune', 'compact', 'check'}.intersection(arguments)
     monitoring_log_level = verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity)
 
     try:
         local_borg_version = borg_version.local_borg_version(storage, local_path)
     except (OSError, CalledProcessError, ValueError) as error:
-        yield from log_error_records(
-            '{}: Error getting local Borg version'.format(config_filename), error
-        )
+        yield from log_error_records(f'{config_filename}: Error getting local Borg version', error)
         return
 
     try:
@@ -100,18 +102,25 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
             return
 
         encountered_error = error
-        yield from log_error_records('{}: Error pinging monitor'.format(config_filename), error)
+        yield from log_error_records(f'{config_filename}: Error pinging monitor', error)
 
     if not encountered_error:
         repo_queue = Queue()
         for repo in location['repositories']:
-            repo_queue.put((repo, 0),)
+            repo_queue.put(
+                (repo, 0),
+            )
 
         while not repo_queue.empty():
-            repository_path, retry_num = repo_queue.get()
+            repository, retry_num = repo_queue.get()
+            logger.debug(
+                f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Running actions for repository'
+            )
             timeout = retry_num * retry_wait
             if timeout:
-                logger.warning(f'{config_filename}: Sleeping {timeout}s before next retry')
+                logger.warning(
+                    f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Sleeping {timeout}s before next retry'
+                )
                 time.sleep(timeout)
             try:
                 yield from run_actions(
@@ -125,21 +134,23 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
                     local_path=local_path,
                     remote_path=remote_path,
                     local_borg_version=local_borg_version,
-                    repository_path=repository_path,
+                    repository=repository,
                 )
             except (OSError, CalledProcessError, ValueError) as error:
                 if retry_num < retries:
-                    repo_queue.put((repository_path, retry_num + 1),)
+                    repo_queue.put(
+                        (repository, retry_num + 1),
+                    )
                     tuple(  # Consume the generator so as to trigger logging.
                         log_error_records(
-                            '{}: Error running actions for repository'.format(repository_path),
+                            f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Error running actions for repository',
                             error,
                             levelno=logging.WARNING,
                             log_command_error_output=True,
                         )
                     )
                     logger.warning(
-                        f'{config_filename}: Retrying... attempt {retry_num + 1}/{retries}'
+                        f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Retrying... attempt {retry_num + 1}/{retries}'
                     )
                     continue
 
@@ -147,10 +158,30 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
                     return
 
                 yield from log_error_records(
-                    '{}: Error running actions for repository'.format(repository_path), error
+                    f'{repository.get("label", repository["path"])}: Error running actions for repository',
+                    error,
                 )
                 encountered_error = error
-                error_repository = repository_path
+                error_repository = repository['path']
+
+    try:
+        if using_primary_action:
+            # send logs irrespective of error
+            dispatch.call_hooks(
+                'ping_monitor',
+                hooks,
+                config_filename,
+                monitor.MONITOR_HOOK_NAMES,
+                monitor.State.LOG,
+                monitoring_log_level,
+                global_arguments.dry_run,
+            )
+    except (OSError, CalledProcessError) as error:
+        if command.considered_soft_failure(config_filename, error):
+            return
+
+        encountered_error = error
+        yield from log_error_records(f'{repository["path"]}: Error pinging monitor', error)
 
     if not encountered_error:
         try:
@@ -177,7 +208,7 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
                 return
 
             encountered_error = error
-            yield from log_error_records('{}: Error pinging monitor'.format(config_filename), error)
+            yield from log_error_records(f'{config_filename}: Error pinging monitor', error)
 
     if encountered_error and using_primary_action:
         try:
@@ -212,9 +243,7 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
             if command.considered_soft_failure(config_filename, error):
                 return
 
-            yield from log_error_records(
-                '{}: Error running on-error hook'.format(config_filename), error
-            )
+            yield from log_error_records(f'{config_filename}: Error running on-error hook', error)
 
 
 def run_actions(
@@ -229,7 +258,7 @@ def run_actions(
     local_path,
     remote_path,
     local_borg_version,
-    repository_path,
+    repository,
 ):
     '''
     Given parsed command-line arguments as an argparse.ArgumentParser instance, the configuration
@@ -243,13 +272,15 @@ def run_actions(
     action or a hook. Raise ValueError if the arguments or configuration passed to action are
     invalid.
     '''
-    repository = os.path.expanduser(repository_path)
+    add_custom_log_levels()
+    repository_path = os.path.expanduser(repository['path'])
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not making any changes)' if global_arguments.dry_run else ''
     hook_context = {
         'repository': repository_path,
         # Deprecated: For backwards compatibility with borgmatic < 1.6.0.
-        'repositories': ','.join(location['repositories']),
+        'repositories': ','.join([repo['path'] for repo in location['repositories']]),
+        'log_file': global_arguments.log_file if global_arguments.log_file else '',
     }
 
     command.execute_hook(
@@ -261,497 +292,193 @@ def run_actions(
         **hook_context,
     )
 
-    if 'rcreate' in arguments:
-        logger.info('{}: Creating repository'.format(repository))
-        borg_rcreate.create_repository(
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            repository,
-            storage,
-            local_borg_version,
-            arguments['rcreate'].encryption_mode,
-            arguments['rcreate'].source_repository,
-            arguments['rcreate'].copy_crypt_key,
-            arguments['rcreate'].append_only,
-            arguments['rcreate'].storage_quota,
-            arguments['rcreate'].make_parent_dirs,
-            local_path=local_path,
-            remote_path=remote_path,
-        )
-    if 'transfer' in arguments:
-        logger.info(f'{repository}: Transferring archives to repository')
-        borg_transfer.transfer_archives(
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            repository,
-            storage,
-            local_borg_version,
-            transfer_arguments=arguments['transfer'],
-            local_path=local_path,
-            remote_path=remote_path,
-        )
-    if 'prune' in arguments:
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('before_prune'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'pre-prune',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-        logger.info('{}: Pruning archives{}'.format(repository, dry_run_label))
-        borg_prune.prune_archives(
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            repository,
-            storage,
-            retention,
-            local_borg_version,
-            local_path=local_path,
-            remote_path=remote_path,
-            stats=arguments['prune'].stats,
-            list_archives=arguments['prune'].list_archives,
-        )
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('after_prune'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'post-prune',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-    if 'compact' in arguments:
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('before_compact'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'pre-compact',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-        )
-        if borg_feature.available(borg_feature.Feature.COMPACT, local_borg_version):
-            logger.info('{}: Compacting segments{}'.format(repository, dry_run_label))
-            borg_compact.compact_segments(
-                global_arguments.dry_run,
+    for action_name, action_arguments in arguments.items():
+        if action_name == 'rcreate':
+            borgmatic.actions.rcreate.run_rcreate(
                 repository,
                 storage,
                 local_borg_version,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-                progress=arguments['compact'].progress,
-                cleanup_commits=arguments['compact'].cleanup_commits,
-                threshold=arguments['compact'].threshold,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
             )
-        else:  # pragma: nocover
-            logger.info(
-                '{}: Skipping compact (only available/needed in Borg 1.2+)'.format(repository)
+        elif action_name == 'transfer':
+            borgmatic.actions.transfer.run_transfer(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
             )
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('after_compact'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'post-compact',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-        )
-    if 'create' in arguments:
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('before_backup'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'pre-backup',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-        logger.info('{}: Creating archive{}'.format(repository, dry_run_label))
-        dispatch.call_hooks(
-            'remove_database_dumps',
-            hooks,
-            repository,
-            dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-            location,
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-        )
-        active_dumps = dispatch.call_hooks(
-            'dump_databases',
-            hooks,
-            repository,
-            dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-            location,
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-        )
-        stream_processes = [process for processes in active_dumps.values() for process in processes]
-
-        json_output = borg_create.create_archive(
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            repository,
-            location,
-            storage,
-            local_borg_version,
-            local_path=local_path,
-            remote_path=remote_path,
-            progress=arguments['create'].progress,
-            stats=arguments['create'].stats,
-            json=arguments['create'].json,
-            list_files=arguments['create'].list_files,
-            stream_processes=stream_processes,
-        )
-        if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
-            yield json.loads(json_output)
-
-        dispatch.call_hooks(
-            'remove_database_dumps',
-            hooks,
-            config_filename,
-            dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-            location,
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-        )
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('after_backup'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'post-backup',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-
-    if 'check' in arguments and checks.repository_enabled_for_checks(repository, consistency):
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('before_check'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'pre-check',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-        logger.info('{}: Running consistency checks'.format(repository))
-        borg_check.check_archives(
-            repository,
-            location,
-            storage,
-            consistency,
-            local_borg_version,
-            local_path=local_path,
-            remote_path=remote_path,
-            progress=arguments['check'].progress,
-            repair=arguments['check'].repair,
-            only_checks=arguments['check'].only,
-            force=arguments['check'].force,
-        )
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('after_check'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'post-check',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-    if 'extract' in arguments:
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('before_extract'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'pre-extract',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-        if arguments['extract'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['extract'].repository
-        ):
-            logger.info(
-                '{}: Extracting archive {}'.format(repository, arguments['extract'].archive)
-            )
-            borg_extract.extract_archive(
-                global_arguments.dry_run,
+        elif action_name == 'create':
+            yield from borgmatic.actions.create.run_create(
+                config_filename,
                 repository,
-                borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                    repository,
-                    arguments['extract'].archive,
-                    storage,
-                    local_borg_version,
-                    local_path,
-                    remote_path,
-                ),
-                arguments['extract'].paths,
                 location,
                 storage,
-                local_borg_version,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-                destination_path=arguments['extract'].destination,
-                strip_components=arguments['extract'].strip_components,
-                progress=arguments['extract'].progress,
-            )
-        command.execute_hook(
-            hooks.get('after_extract'),
-            hooks.get('umask'),
-            config_filename,
-            'post-extract',
-            global_arguments.dry_run,
-            **hook_context,
-        )
-    if 'export-tar' in arguments:
-        if arguments['export-tar'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['export-tar'].repository
-        ):
-            logger.info(
-                '{}: Exporting archive {} as tar file'.format(
-                    repository, arguments['export-tar'].archive
-                )
-            )
-            borg_export_tar.export_tar_archive(
-                global_arguments.dry_run,
-                repository,
-                borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                    repository,
-                    arguments['export-tar'].archive,
-                    storage,
-                    local_borg_version,
-                    local_path,
-                    remote_path,
-                ),
-                arguments['export-tar'].paths,
-                arguments['export-tar'].destination,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-                tar_filter=arguments['export-tar'].tar_filter,
-                list_files=arguments['export-tar'].list_files,
-                strip_components=arguments['export-tar'].strip_components,
-            )
-    if 'mount' in arguments:
-        if arguments['mount'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['mount'].repository
-        ):
-            if arguments['mount'].archive:
-                logger.info(
-                    '{}: Mounting archive {}'.format(repository, arguments['mount'].archive)
-                )
-            else:  # pragma: nocover
-                logger.info('{}: Mounting repository'.format(repository))
-
-            borg_mount.mount_archive(
-                repository,
-                borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                    repository,
-                    arguments['mount'].archive,
-                    storage,
-                    local_borg_version,
-                    local_path,
-                    remote_path,
-                ),
-                arguments['mount'].mount_point,
-                arguments['mount'].paths,
-                arguments['mount'].foreground,
-                arguments['mount'].options,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-            )
-    if 'restore' in arguments:  # pragma: nocover
-        if arguments['restore'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['restore'].repository
-        ):
-            logger.info(
-                '{}: Restoring databases from archive {}'.format(
-                    repository, arguments['restore'].archive
-                )
-            )
-            dispatch.call_hooks(
-                'remove_database_dumps',
                 hooks,
-                repository,
-                dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-                location,
-                global_arguments.dry_run,
-            )
-
-            restore_names = arguments['restore'].databases or []
-            if 'all' in restore_names:
-                restore_names = []
-
-            archive_name = borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                repository,
-                arguments['restore'].archive,
-                storage,
+                hook_context,
                 local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                dry_run_label,
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
-            found_names = set()
-
-            for hook_name, per_hook_restore_databases in hooks.items():
-                if hook_name not in dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES:
-                    continue
-
-                for restore_database in per_hook_restore_databases:
-                    database_name = restore_database['name']
-                    if restore_names and database_name not in restore_names:
-                        continue
-
-                    found_names.add(database_name)
-                    dump_pattern = dispatch.call_hooks(
-                        'make_database_dump_pattern',
-                        hooks,
-                        repository,
-                        dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-                        location,
-                        database_name,
-                    )[hook_name]
-
-                    # Kick off a single database extract to stdout.
-                    extract_process = borg_extract.extract_archive(
-                        dry_run=global_arguments.dry_run,
-                        repository=repository,
-                        archive=archive_name,
-                        paths=dump.convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns([dump_pattern]),
-                        location_config=location,
-                        storage_config=storage,
-                        local_borg_version=local_borg_version,
-                        local_path=local_path,
-                        remote_path=remote_path,
-                        destination_path='/',
-                        # A directory format dump isn't a single file, and therefore can't extract
-                        # to stdout. In this case, the extract_process return value is None.
-                        extract_to_stdout=bool(restore_database.get('format') != 'directory'),
-                    )
-
-                    # Run a single database restore, consuming the extract stdout (if any).
-                    dispatch.call_hooks(
-                        'restore_database_dump',
-                        {hook_name: [restore_database]},
-                        repository,
-                        dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-                        location,
-                        global_arguments.dry_run,
-                        extract_process,
-                    )
-
-            dispatch.call_hooks(
-                'remove_database_dumps',
+        elif action_name == 'prune':
+            borgmatic.actions.prune.run_prune(
+                config_filename,
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                retention,
                 hooks,
-                repository,
-                dump.DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES,
-                location,
-                global_arguments.dry_run,
+                hook_context,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                dry_run_label,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
             )
-
-            if not restore_names and not found_names:
-                raise ValueError('No databases were found to restore')
-
-            missing_names = sorted(set(restore_names) - found_names)
-            if missing_names:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    'Cannot restore database(s) {} missing from borgmatic\'s configuration'.format(
-                        ', '.join(missing_names)
-                    )
+        elif action_name == 'compact':
+            borgmatic.actions.compact.run_compact(
+                config_filename,
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                retention,
+                hooks,
+                hook_context,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                dry_run_label,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'check':
+            if checks.repository_enabled_for_checks(repository, consistency):
+                borgmatic.actions.check.run_check(
+                    config_filename,
+                    repository,
+                    location,
+                    storage,
+                    consistency,
+                    hooks,
+                    hook_context,
+                    local_borg_version,
+                    action_arguments,
+                    global_arguments,
+                    local_path,
+                    remote_path,
                 )
-    if 'rlist' in arguments:
-        if arguments['rlist'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['rlist'].repository
-        ):
-            rlist_arguments = copy.copy(arguments['rlist'])
-            if not rlist_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
-                logger.warning('{}: Listing repository'.format(repository))
-            json_output = borg_rlist.list_repository(
+        elif action_name == 'extract':
+            borgmatic.actions.extract.run_extract(
+                config_filename,
                 repository,
+                location,
                 storage,
+                hooks,
+                hook_context,
                 local_borg_version,
-                rlist_arguments=rlist_arguments,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-            )
-            if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
-                yield json.loads(json_output)
-    if 'list' in arguments:
-        if arguments['list'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['list'].repository
-        ):
-            list_arguments = copy.copy(arguments['list'])
-            if not list_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
-                if list_arguments.find_paths:
-                    logger.warning('{}: Searching archives'.format(repository))
-                elif not list_arguments.archive:
-                    logger.warning('{}: Listing archives'.format(repository))
-            list_arguments.archive = borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                repository,
-                list_arguments.archive,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
-            json_output = borg_list.list_archive(
+        elif action_name == 'export-tar':
+            borgmatic.actions.export_tar.run_export_tar(
                 repository,
                 storage,
                 local_borg_version,
-                list_arguments=list_arguments,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-            )
-            if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
-                yield json.loads(json_output)
-    if 'rinfo' in arguments:
-        if arguments['rinfo'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['rinfo'].repository
-        ):
-            rinfo_arguments = copy.copy(arguments['rinfo'])
-            if not rinfo_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
-                logger.warning('{}: Displaying repository summary information'.format(repository))
-            json_output = borg_rinfo.display_repository_info(
-                repository,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
-                rinfo_arguments=rinfo_arguments,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-            )
-            if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
-                yield json.loads(json_output)
-    if 'info' in arguments:
-        if arguments['info'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['info'].repository
-        ):
-            info_arguments = copy.copy(arguments['info'])
-            if not info_arguments.json:  # pragma: nocover
-                logger.warning('{}: Displaying archive summary information'.format(repository))
-            info_arguments.archive = borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                repository,
-                info_arguments.archive,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
-            json_output = borg_info.display_archives_info(
+        elif action_name == 'mount':
+            borgmatic.actions.mount.run_mount(
                 repository,
                 storage,
                 local_borg_version,
-                info_arguments=info_arguments,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
-            )
-            if json_output:  # pragma: nocover
-                yield json.loads(json_output)
-    if 'borg' in arguments:
-        if arguments['borg'].repository is None or validate.repositories_match(
-            repository, arguments['borg'].repository
-        ):
-            logger.warning('{}: Running arbitrary Borg command'.format(repository))
-            archive_name = borg_rlist.resolve_archive_name(
-                repository,
-                arguments['borg'].archive,
-                storage,
-                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
                 local_path,
                 remote_path,
             )
-            borg_borg.run_arbitrary_borg(
+        elif action_name == 'restore':
+            borgmatic.actions.restore.run_restore(
+                repository,
+                location,
+                storage,
+                hooks,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'rlist':
+            yield from borgmatic.actions.rlist.run_rlist(
                 repository,
                 storage,
                 local_borg_version,
-                options=arguments['borg'].options,
-                archive=archive_name,
-                local_path=local_path,
-                remote_path=remote_path,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'list':
+            yield from borgmatic.actions.list.run_list(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'rinfo':
+            yield from borgmatic.actions.rinfo.run_rinfo(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'info':
+            yield from borgmatic.actions.info.run_info(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'break-lock':
+            borgmatic.actions.break_lock.run_break_lock(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
+            )
+        elif action_name == 'borg':
+            borgmatic.actions.borg.run_borg(
+                repository,
+                storage,
+                local_borg_version,
+                action_arguments,
+                global_arguments,
+                local_path,
+                remote_path,
             )
 
     command.execute_hook(
@@ -788,9 +515,7 @@ def load_configurations(config_filenames, overrides=None, resolve_env=True):
                         dict(
                             levelno=logging.WARNING,
                             levelname='WARNING',
-                            msg='{}: Insufficient permissions to read configuration file'.format(
-                                config_filename
-                            ),
+                            msg=f'{config_filename}: Insufficient permissions to read configuration file',
                         )
                     ),
                 ]
@@ -802,7 +527,7 @@ def load_configurations(config_filenames, overrides=None, resolve_env=True):
                         dict(
                             levelno=logging.CRITICAL,
                             levelname='CRITICAL',
-                            msg='{}: Error parsing configuration file'.format(config_filename),
+                            msg=f'{config_filename}: Error parsing configuration file',
                         )
                     ),
                     logging.makeLogRecord(
@@ -903,9 +628,7 @@ def collect_configuration_run_summary_logs(configs, arguments):
 
     if not configs:
         yield from log_error_records(
-            '{}: No valid configuration files found'.format(
-                ' '.join(arguments['global'].config_paths)
-            )
+            f"{' '.join(arguments['global'].config_paths)}: No valid configuration files found",
         )
         return
 
@@ -931,26 +654,25 @@ def collect_configuration_run_summary_logs(configs, arguments):
         error_logs = tuple(result for result in results if isinstance(result, logging.LogRecord))
 
         if error_logs:
-            yield from log_error_records(
-                '{}: Error running configuration file'.format(config_filename)
-            )
+            yield from log_error_records(f'{config_filename}: An error occurred')
             yield from error_logs
         else:
             yield logging.makeLogRecord(
                 dict(
                     levelno=logging.INFO,
                     levelname='INFO',
-                    msg='{}: Successfully ran configuration file'.format(config_filename),
+                    msg=f'{config_filename}: Successfully ran configuration file',
                 )
             )
             if results:
                 json_results.extend(results)
 
     if 'umount' in arguments:
-        logger.info('Unmounting mount point {}'.format(arguments['umount'].mount_point))
+        logger.info(f"Unmounting mount point {arguments['umount'].mount_point}")
         try:
             borg_umount.unmount_archive(
-                mount_point=arguments['umount'].mount_point, local_path=get_local_path(configs),
+                mount_point=arguments['umount'].mount_point,
+                local_path=get_local_path(configs),
             )
         except (CalledProcessError, OSError) as error:
             yield from log_error_records('Error unmounting mount point', error)
@@ -995,16 +717,19 @@ def main():  # pragma: no cover
         if error.code == 0:
             raise error
         configure_logging(logging.CRITICAL)
-        logger.critical('Error parsing arguments: {}'.format(' '.join(sys.argv)))
+        logger.critical(f"Error parsing arguments: {' '.join(sys.argv)}")
         exit_with_help_link()
 
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
     if global_arguments.version:
-        print(pkg_resources.require('borgmatic')[0].version)
+        print(importlib_metadata.version('borgmatic'))
         sys.exit(0)
     if global_arguments.bash_completion:
         print(borgmatic.commands.completion.bash_completion())
         sys.exit(0)
+    if global_arguments.fish_completion:
+        print(borgmatic.commands.completion.fish_completion())
+        sys.exit(0)
 
     config_filenames = tuple(collect.collect_config_filenames(global_arguments.config_paths))
     configs, parse_logs = load_configurations(
@@ -1025,10 +750,11 @@ def main():  # pragma: no cover
             verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.log_file_verbosity),
             verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.monitoring_verbosity),
             global_arguments.log_file,
+            global_arguments.log_file_format,
         )
     except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError) as error:
         configure_logging(logging.CRITICAL)
-        logger.critical('Error configuring logging: {}'.format(error))
+        logger.critical(f'Error configuring logging: {error}')
         exit_with_help_link()
 
     logger.debug('Ensuring legacy configuration is upgraded')

borgmatic/commands/completion.py

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
+import shlex
+from argparse import Action
+from textwrap import dedent
+
 from borgmatic.commands import arguments
 
-UPGRADE_MESSAGE = '''
-Your bash completions script is from a different version of borgmatic than is
+
+def upgrade_message(language: str, upgrade_command: str, completion_file: str):
+    return f'''
+Your {language} completions script is from a different version of borgmatic than is
 currently installed. Please upgrade your script so your completions match the
 command-line flags in your installed borgmatic! Try this to upgrade:
 
-    sudo sh -c "borgmatic --bash-completion > $BASH_SOURCE"
-    source $BASH_SOURCE
+    {upgrade_command}
+    source {completion_file}
 '''
 
 
@@ -34,7 +40,11 @@ def bash_completion():
             '    local this_script="$(cat "$BASH_SOURCE" 2> /dev/null)"',
             '    local installed_script="$(borgmatic --bash-completion 2> /dev/null)"',
             '    if [ "$this_script" != "$installed_script" ] && [ "$installed_script" != "" ];'
-            '        then cat << EOF\n%s\nEOF' % UPGRADE_MESSAGE,
+            f'''        then cat << EOF\n{upgrade_message(
+                    'bash',
+                    'sudo sh -c "borgmatic --bash-completion > $BASH_SOURCE"',
+                    '$BASH_SOURCE',
+                )}\nEOF''',
             '    fi',
             '}',
             'complete_borgmatic() {',
@@ -48,10 +58,179 @@ def bash_completion():
             for action, subparser in subparsers.choices.items()
         )
         + (
-            '    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "%s %s" -- "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"))'
+            '    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "%s %s" -- "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"))'  # noqa: FS003
             % (actions, global_flags),
             '    (check_version &)',
             '}',
             '\ncomplete -o bashdefault -o default -F complete_borgmatic borgmatic',
         )
     )
+
+
+# fish section
+
+
+def has_file_options(action: Action):
+    '''
+    Given an argparse.Action instance, return True if it takes a file argument.
+    '''
+    return action.metavar in (
+        'FILENAME',
+        'PATH',
+    ) or action.dest in ('config_paths',)
+
+
+def has_choice_options(action: Action):
+    '''
+    Given an argparse.Action instance, return True if it takes one of a predefined set of arguments.
+    '''
+    return action.choices is not None
+
+
+def has_unknown_required_param_options(action: Action):
+    '''
+    A catch-all for options that take a required parameter, but we don't know what the parameter is.
+    This should be used last. These are actions that take something like a glob, a list of numbers, or a string.
+
+    Actions that match this pattern should not show the normal arguments, because those are unlikely to be valid.
+    '''
+    return (
+        action.required is True
+        or action.nargs
+        in (
+            '+',
+            '*',
+        )
+        or action.metavar in ('PATTERN', 'KEYS', 'N')
+        or (action.type is not None and action.default is None)
+    )
+
+
+def has_exact_options(action: Action):
+    return (
+        has_file_options(action)
+        or has_choice_options(action)
+        or has_unknown_required_param_options(action)
+    )
+
+
+def exact_options_completion(action: Action):
+    '''
+    Given an argparse.Action instance, return a completion invocation that forces file completions, options completion,
+    or just that some value follow the action, if the action takes such an argument and was the last action on the
+    command line prior to the cursor.
+
+    Otherwise, return an empty string.
+    '''
+
+    if not has_exact_options(action):
+        return ''
+
+    args = ' '.join(action.option_strings)
+
+    if has_file_options(action):
+        return f'''\ncomplete -c borgmatic -Fr -n "__borgmatic_current_arg {args}"'''
+
+    if has_choice_options(action):
+        return f'''\ncomplete -c borgmatic -f -a '{' '.join(map(str, action.choices))}' -n "__borgmatic_current_arg {args}"'''
+
+    if has_unknown_required_param_options(action):
+        return f'''\ncomplete -c borgmatic -x -n "__borgmatic_current_arg {args}"'''
+
+    raise ValueError(
+        f'Unexpected action: {action} passes has_exact_options but has no choices produced'
+    )
+
+
+def dedent_strip_as_tuple(string: str):
+    '''
+    Dedent a string, then strip it to avoid requiring your first line to have content, then return a tuple of the string.
+    Makes it easier to write multiline strings for completions when you join them with a tuple.
+    '''
+    return (dedent(string).strip('\n'),)
+
+
+def fish_completion():
+    '''
+    Return a fish completion script for the borgmatic command. Produce this by introspecting
+    borgmatic's command-line argument parsers.
+    '''
+    top_level_parser, subparsers = arguments.make_parsers()
+
+    all_subparsers = ' '.join(action for action in subparsers.choices.keys())
+
+    exact_option_args = tuple(
+        ' '.join(action.option_strings)
+        for subparser in subparsers.choices.values()
+        for action in subparser._actions
+        if has_exact_options(action)
+    ) + tuple(
+        ' '.join(action.option_strings)
+        for action in top_level_parser._actions
+        if len(action.option_strings) > 0
+        if has_exact_options(action)
+    )
+
+    # Avert your eyes.
+    return '\n'.join(
+        dedent_strip_as_tuple(
+            f'''
+            function __borgmatic_check_version
+                set -fx this_filename (status current-filename)
+                fish -c '
+                    if test -f "$this_filename"
+                        set this_script (cat $this_filename 2> /dev/null)
+                        set installed_script (borgmatic --fish-completion 2> /dev/null)
+                        if [ "$this_script" != "$installed_script" ] && [ "$installed_script" != "" ]
+                            echo "{upgrade_message(
+                            'fish',
+                            'borgmatic --fish-completion | sudo tee $this_filename',
+                            '$this_filename',
+                        )}"
+                        end
+                    end
+                ' &
+            end
+            __borgmatic_check_version
+
+            function __borgmatic_current_arg --description 'Check if any of the given arguments are the last on the command line before the cursor'
+                set -l all_args (commandline -poc)
+                # premature optimization to avoid iterating all args if there aren't enough
+                # to have a last arg beyond borgmatic
+                if [ (count $all_args) -lt 2 ]
+                    return 1
+                end
+                for arg in $argv
+                    if [ "$arg" = "$all_args[-1]" ]
+                        return 0
+                    end
+                end
+                return 1
+            end
+
+            set --local subparser_condition "not __fish_seen_subcommand_from {all_subparsers}"
+            set --local exact_option_condition "not __borgmatic_current_arg {' '.join(exact_option_args)}"
+            '''
+        )
+        + ('\n# subparser completions',)
+        + tuple(
+            f'''complete -c borgmatic -f -n "$subparser_condition" -n "$exact_option_condition" -a '{action_name}' -d {shlex.quote(subparser.description)}'''
+            for action_name, subparser in subparsers.choices.items()
+        )
+        + ('\n# global flags',)
+        + tuple(
+            # -n is checked in order, so put faster / more likely to be true checks first
+            f'''complete -c borgmatic -f -n "$exact_option_condition" -a '{' '.join(action.option_strings)}' -d {shlex.quote(action.help)}{exact_options_completion(action)}'''
+            for action in top_level_parser._actions
+            # ignore the noargs action, as this is an impossible completion for fish
+            if len(action.option_strings) > 0
+            if 'Deprecated' not in action.help
+        )
+        + ('\n# subparser flags',)
+        + tuple(
+            f'''complete -c borgmatic -f -n "$exact_option_condition" -a '{' '.join(action.option_strings)}' -d {shlex.quote(action.help)} -n "__fish_seen_subcommand_from {action_name}"{exact_options_completion(action)}'''
+            for action_name, subparser in subparsers.choices.items()
+            for action in subparser._actions
+            if 'Deprecated' not in action.help
+        )
+    )

borgmatic/commands/convert_config.py

@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*arguments):
         '--source-config',
         dest='source_config_filename',
         default=DEFAULT_SOURCE_CONFIG_FILENAME,
-        help='Source INI-style configuration filename. Default: {}'.format(
-            DEFAULT_SOURCE_CONFIG_FILENAME
-        ),
+        help=f'Source INI-style configuration filename. Default: {DEFAULT_SOURCE_CONFIG_FILENAME}',
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         '-e',
@@ -46,9 +44,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*arguments):
         '--destination-config',
         dest='destination_config_filename',
         default=DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME,
-        help='Destination YAML configuration filename. Default: {}'.format(
-            DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME
-        ),
+        help=f'Destination YAML configuration filename. Default: {DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME}',
     )
 
     return parser.parse_args(arguments)
@@ -59,19 +55,15 @@ TEXT_WRAP_CHARACTERS = 80
 
 def display_result(args):  # pragma: no cover
     result_lines = textwrap.wrap(
-        'Your borgmatic configuration has been upgraded. Please review the result in {}.'.format(
-            args.destination_config_filename
-        ),
+        f'Your borgmatic configuration has been upgraded. Please review the result in {args.destination_config_filename}.',
         TEXT_WRAP_CHARACTERS,
     )
 
+    excludes_phrase = (
+        f' and {args.source_excludes_filename}' if args.source_excludes_filename else ''
+    )
     delete_lines = textwrap.wrap(
-        'Once you are satisfied, you can safely delete {}{}.'.format(
-            args.source_config_filename,
-            ' and {}'.format(args.source_excludes_filename)
-            if args.source_excludes_filename
-            else '',
-        ),
+        f'Once you are satisfied, you can safely delete {args.source_config_filename}{excludes_phrase}.',
         TEXT_WRAP_CHARACTERS,
     )
 

borgmatic/commands/generate_config.py

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*arguments):
         '--destination',
         dest='destination_filename',
         default=DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME,
-        help='Destination YAML configuration file, default: {}'.format(
-            DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME
-        ),
+        help=f'Destination YAML configuration file, default: {DEFAULT_DESTINATION_CONFIG_FILENAME}',
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         '--overwrite',
@@ -48,17 +46,13 @@ def main():  # pragma: no cover
             overwrite=args.overwrite,
         )
 
-        print('Generated a sample configuration file at {}.'.format(args.destination_filename))
+        print(f'Generated a sample configuration file at {args.destination_filename}.')
         print()
         if args.source_filename:
-            print(
-                'Merged in the contents of configuration file at {}.'.format(args.source_filename)
-            )
+            print(f'Merged in the contents of configuration file at {args.source_filename}.')
             print('To review the changes made, run:')
             print()
-            print(
-                '    diff --unified {} {}'.format(args.source_filename, args.destination_filename)
-            )
+            print(f'    diff --unified {args.source_filename} {args.destination_filename}')
             print()
         print('This includes all available configuration options with example values. The few')
         print('required options are indicated. Please edit the file to suit your needs.')

borgmatic/commands/validate_config.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import logging
 import sys
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 
+import borgmatic.config.generate
 from borgmatic.config import collect, validate
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -21,20 +22,24 @@ def parse_arguments(*arguments):
         nargs='+',
         dest='config_paths',
         default=config_paths,
-        help='Configuration filenames or directories, defaults to: {}'.format(
-            ' '.join(config_paths)
-        ),
+        help=f'Configuration filenames or directories, defaults to: {config_paths}',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-s',
+        '--show',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Show the validated configuration after all include merging has occurred',
     )
 
     return parser.parse_args(arguments)
 
 
 def main():  # pragma: no cover
-    args = parse_arguments(*sys.argv[1:])
+    arguments = parse_arguments(*sys.argv[1:])
 
     logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s')
 
-    config_filenames = tuple(collect.collect_config_filenames(args.config_paths))
+    config_filenames = tuple(collect.collect_config_filenames(arguments.config_paths))
     if len(config_filenames) == 0:
         logger.critical('No files to validate found')
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -42,15 +47,22 @@ def main():  # pragma: no cover
     found_issues = False
     for config_filename in config_filenames:
         try:
-            validate.parse_configuration(config_filename, validate.schema_filename())
+            config, parse_logs = validate.parse_configuration(
+                config_filename, validate.schema_filename()
+            )
         except (ValueError, OSError, validate.Validation_error) as error:
-            logging.critical('{}: Error parsing configuration file'.format(config_filename))
+            logging.critical(f'{config_filename}: Error parsing configuration file')
             logging.critical(error)
             found_issues = True
+        else:
+            for log in parse_logs:
+                logger.handle(log)
+
+            if arguments.show:
+                print('---')
+                print(borgmatic.config.generate.render_configuration(config))
 
     if found_issues:
         sys.exit(1)
-    else:
-        logger.info(
-            'All given configuration files are valid: {}'.format(', '.join(config_filenames))
-        )
+
+    logger.info(f"All given configuration files are valid: {', '.join(config_filenames)}")

borgmatic/config/collect.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ def get_default_config_paths(expand_home=True):
     return [
         '/etc/borgmatic/config.yaml',
         '/etc/borgmatic.d',
-        '%s/borgmatic/config.yaml' % user_config_directory,
-        '%s/borgmatic.d' % user_config_directory,
+        os.path.join(user_config_directory, 'borgmatic/config.yaml'),
+        os.path.join(user_config_directory, 'borgmatic.d'),
     ]
 
 

borgmatic/config/convert.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def convert_legacy_parsed_config(source_config, source_excludes, schema):
         ]
     )
 
-    # Split space-seperated values into actual lists, make "repository" into a list, and merge in
+    # Split space-separated values into actual lists, make "repository" into a list, and merge in
     # excludes.
     location = destination_config['location']
     location['source_directories'] = source_config.location['source_directories'].split(' ')

borgmatic/config/environment.py

@@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ def _resolve_string(matcher):
     if matcher.group('escape') is not None:
         # in case of escaped envvar, unescape it
         return matcher.group('variable')
+
     # resolve the env var
     name, default = matcher.group('name'), matcher.group('default')
     out = os.getenv(name, default=default)
+
     if out is None:
-        raise ValueError('Cannot find variable ${name} in environment'.format(name=name))
+        raise ValueError(f'Cannot find variable {name} in environment')
+
     return out
 
 

borgmatic/config/generate.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def _schema_to_sample_configuration(schema, level=0, parent_is_sequence=False):
             config, schema, indent=indent, skip_first=parent_is_sequence
         )
     else:
-        raise ValueError('Schema at level {} is unsupported: {}'.format(level, schema))
+        raise ValueError(f'Schema at level {level} is unsupported: {schema}')
 
     return config
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def _comment_out_optional_configuration(rendered_config):
     for line in rendered_config.split('\n'):
         # Upon encountering an optional configuration option, comment out lines until the next blank
         # line.
-        if line.strip().startswith('# {}'.format(COMMENTED_OUT_SENTINEL)):
+        if line.strip().startswith(f'# {COMMENTED_OUT_SENTINEL}'):
             optional = True
             continue
 
@@ -117,9 +117,7 @@ def write_configuration(config_filename, rendered_config, mode=0o600, overwrite=
     '''
     if not overwrite and os.path.exists(config_filename):
         raise FileExistsError(
-            '{} already exists. Aborting. Use --overwrite to replace the file.'.format(
-                config_filename
-            )
+            f'{config_filename} already exists. Aborting. Use --overwrite to replace the file.'
         )
 
     try:
@@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ def remove_commented_out_sentinel(config, field_name):
     except KeyError:
         return
 
-    if last_comment_value == '# {}\n'.format(COMMENTED_OUT_SENTINEL):
+    if last_comment_value == f'# {COMMENTED_OUT_SENTINEL}\n':
         config.ca.items[field_name][RUAMEL_YAML_COMMENTS_INDEX].pop()
 
 
@@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ def merge_source_configuration_into_destination(destination_config, source_confi
             )
             continue
 
-        # This is some sort of scalar. Simply set it into the destination.
+        # This is some sort of scalar. Set it into the destination.
         destination_config[field_name] = source_config[field_name]
 
     return destination_config

borgmatic/config/legacy.py

@@ -70,13 +70,11 @@ def validate_configuration_format(parser, config_format):
         section_format.name for section_format in config_format
     )
     if unknown_section_names:
-        raise ValueError(
-            'Unknown config sections found: {}'.format(', '.join(unknown_section_names))
-        )
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown config sections found: {', '.join(unknown_section_names)}")
 
     missing_section_names = set(required_section_names) - section_names
     if missing_section_names:
-        raise ValueError('Missing config sections: {}'.format(', '.join(missing_section_names)))
+        raise ValueError(f"Missing config sections: {', '.join(missing_section_names)}")
 
     for section_format in config_format:
         if section_format.name not in section_names:
@@ -91,9 +89,7 @@ def validate_configuration_format(parser, config_format):
 
         if unexpected_option_names:
             raise ValueError(
-                'Unexpected options found in config section {}: {}'.format(
-                    section_format.name, ', '.join(sorted(unexpected_option_names))
-                )
+                f"Unexpected options found in config section {section_format.name}: {', '.join(sorted(unexpected_option_names))}",
             )
 
         missing_option_names = tuple(
@@ -105,9 +101,7 @@ def validate_configuration_format(parser, config_format):
 
         if missing_option_names:
             raise ValueError(
-                'Required options missing from config section {}: {}'.format(
-                    section_format.name, ', '.join(missing_option_names)
-                )
+                f"Required options missing from config section {section_format.name}: {', '.join(missing_option_names)}",
             )
 
 
@@ -137,7 +131,7 @@ def parse_configuration(config_filename, config_format):
     '''
     parser = RawConfigParser()
     if not parser.read(config_filename):
-        raise ValueError('Configuration file cannot be opened: {}'.format(config_filename))
+        raise ValueError(f'Configuration file cannot be opened: {config_filename}')
 
     validate_configuration_format(parser, config_format)
 

borgmatic/config/load.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import functools
+import json
 import logging
 import os
 
@@ -6,43 +8,17 @@ import ruamel.yaml
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class Yaml_with_loader_stream(ruamel.yaml.YAML):
+def include_configuration(loader, filename_node, include_directory):
     '''
-    A derived class of ruamel.yaml.YAML that simply tacks the loaded stream (file object) onto the
-    loader class so that it's available anywhere that's passed a loader (in this case,
-    include_configuration() below).
-    '''
-
-    def get_constructor_parser(self, stream):
-        constructor, parser = super(Yaml_with_loader_stream, self).get_constructor_parser(stream)
-        constructor.loader.stream = stream
-        return constructor, parser
-
-
-def load_configuration(filename):
-    '''
-    Load the given configuration file and return its contents as a data structure of nested dicts
-    and lists.
-
-    Raise ruamel.yaml.error.YAMLError if something goes wrong parsing the YAML, or RecursionError
-    if there are too many recursive includes.
-    '''
-    yaml = Yaml_with_loader_stream(typ='safe')
-    yaml.Constructor = Include_constructor
-
-    return yaml.load(open(filename))
-
-
-def include_configuration(loader, filename_node):
-    '''
-    Load the given YAML filename (ignoring the given loader so we can use our own) and return its
-    contents as a data structure of nested dicts and lists. If the filename is relative, probe for
-    it within 1. the current working directory and 2. the directory containing the YAML file doing
-    the including.
+    Given a ruamel.yaml.loader.Loader, a ruamel.yaml.serializer.ScalarNode containing the included
+    filename, and an include directory path to search for matching files, load the given YAML
+    filename (ignoring the given loader so we can use our own) and return its contents as a data
+    structure of nested dicts and lists. If the filename is relative, probe for it within 1. the
+    current working directory and 2. the given include directory.
 
     Raise FileNotFoundError if an included file was not found.
     '''
-    include_directories = [os.getcwd(), os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(loader.stream.name))]
+    include_directories = [os.getcwd(), os.path.abspath(include_directory)]
     include_filename = os.path.expanduser(filename_node.value)
 
     if not os.path.isabs(include_filename):
@@ -62,6 +38,127 @@ def include_configuration(loader, filename_node):
     return load_configuration(include_filename)
 
 
+def raise_retain_node_error(loader, node):
+    '''
+    Given a ruamel.yaml.loader.Loader and a YAML node, raise an error about "!retain" usage.
+
+    Raise ValueError if a mapping or sequence node is given, as that indicates that "!retain" was
+    used in a configuration file without a merge. In configuration files with a merge, mapping and
+    sequence nodes with "!retain" tags are handled by deep_merge_nodes() below.
+
+    Also raise ValueError if a scalar node is given, as "!retain" is not supported on scalar nodes.
+    '''
+    if isinstance(node, (ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode, ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode)):
+        raise ValueError(
+            'The !retain tag may only be used within a configuration file containing a merged !include tag.'
+        )
+
+    raise ValueError('The !retain tag may only be used on a YAML mapping or sequence.')
+
+
+def raise_omit_node_error(loader, node):
+    '''
+    Given a ruamel.yaml.loader.Loader and a YAML node, raise an error about "!omit" usage.
+
+    Raise ValueError unconditionally, as an "!omit" node here indicates it was used in a
+    configuration file without a merge. In configuration files with a merge, nodes with "!omit"
+    tags are handled by deep_merge_nodes() below.
+    '''
+    raise ValueError(
+        'The !omit tag may only be used on a scalar (e.g., string) list element within a configuration file containing a merged !include tag.'
+    )
+
+
+class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
+    '''
+    A YAML "constructor" (a ruamel.yaml concept) that supports a custom "!include" tag for including
+    separate YAML configuration files. Example syntax: `retention: !include common.yaml`
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, preserve_quotes=None, loader=None, include_directory=None):
+        super(Include_constructor, self).__init__(preserve_quotes, loader)
+        self.add_constructor(
+            '!include',
+            functools.partial(include_configuration, include_directory=include_directory),
+        )
+        self.add_constructor('!retain', raise_retain_node_error)
+        self.add_constructor('!omit', raise_omit_node_error)
+
+    def flatten_mapping(self, node):
+        '''
+        Support the special case of deep merging included configuration into an existing mapping
+        using the YAML '<<' merge key. Example syntax:
+
+        ```
+        retention:
+            keep_daily: 1
+
+        <<: !include common.yaml
+        ```
+
+        These includes are deep merged into the current configuration file. For instance, in this
+        example, any "retention" options in common.yaml will get merged into the "retention" section
+        in the example configuration file.
+        '''
+        representer = ruamel.yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter()
+
+        for index, (key_node, value_node) in enumerate(node.value):
+            if key_node.tag == u'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge' and value_node.tag == '!include':
+                included_value = representer.represent_data(self.construct_object(value_node))
+                node.value[index] = (key_node, included_value)
+
+        super(Include_constructor, self).flatten_mapping(node)
+
+        node.value = deep_merge_nodes(node.value)
+
+
+def load_configuration(filename):
+    '''
+    Load the given configuration file and return its contents as a data structure of nested dicts
+    and lists. Also, replace any "{constant}" strings with the value of the "constant" key in the
+    "constants" section of the configuration file.
+
+    Raise ruamel.yaml.error.YAMLError if something goes wrong parsing the YAML, or RecursionError
+    if there are too many recursive includes.
+    '''
+
+    # Use an embedded derived class for the include constructor so as to capture the filename
+    # value. (functools.partial doesn't work for this use case because yaml.Constructor has to be
+    # an actual class.)
+    class Include_constructor_with_include_directory(Include_constructor):
+        def __init__(self, preserve_quotes=None, loader=None):
+            super(Include_constructor_with_include_directory, self).__init__(
+                preserve_quotes, loader, include_directory=os.path.dirname(filename)
+            )
+
+    yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ='safe')
+    yaml.Constructor = Include_constructor_with_include_directory
+
+    with open(filename) as file:
+        file_contents = file.read()
+        config = yaml.load(file_contents)
+
+        if config and 'constants' in config:
+            for key, value in config['constants'].items():
+                value = json.dumps(value)
+                file_contents = file_contents.replace(f'{{{key}}}', value.strip('"'))
+
+            config = yaml.load(file_contents)
+            del config['constants']
+
+        return config
+
+
+def filter_omitted_nodes(nodes):
+    '''
+    Given a list of nodes, return a filtered list omitting any nodes with an "!omit" tag or with a
+    value matching such nodes.
+    '''
+    omitted_values = tuple(node.value for node in nodes if node.tag == '!omit')
+
+    return [node for node in nodes if node.value not in omitted_values]
+
+
 DELETED_NODE = object()
 
 
@@ -123,6 +220,8 @@ def deep_merge_nodes(nodes):
             ),
         ]
 
+    If a mapping or sequence node has a YAML "!retain" tag, then that node is not merged.
+
     The purpose of deep merging like this is to support, for instance, merging one borgmatic
     configuration file into another for reuse, such that a configuration section ("retention",
     etc.) does not completely replace the corresponding section in a merged file.
@@ -145,71 +244,43 @@ def deep_merge_nodes(nodes):
 
                 # If we're dealing with MappingNodes, recurse and merge its values as well.
                 if isinstance(b_value, ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode):
-                    replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
-                        b_key,
-                        ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
-                            tag=b_value.tag,
-                            value=deep_merge_nodes(a_value.value + b_value.value),
-                            start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
-                            end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
-                            flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
-                            comment=b_value.comment,
-                            anchor=b_value.anchor,
-                        ),
-                    )
+                    # A "!retain" tag says to skip deep merging for this node. Replace the tag so
+                    # downstream schema validation doesn't break on our application-specific tag.
+                    if b_value.tag == '!retain':
+                        b_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
+                    else:
+                        replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
+                            b_key,
+                            ruamel.yaml.nodes.MappingNode(
+                                tag=b_value.tag,
+                                value=deep_merge_nodes(a_value.value + b_value.value),
+                                start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
+                                end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
+                                flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
+                                comment=b_value.comment,
+                                anchor=b_value.anchor,
+                            ),
+                        )
                 # If we're dealing with SequenceNodes, merge by appending one sequence to the other.
                 elif isinstance(b_value, ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode):
-                    replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
-                        b_key,
-                        ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
-                            tag=b_value.tag,
-                            value=a_value.value + b_value.value,
-                            start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
-                            end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
-                            flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
-                            comment=b_value.comment,
-                            anchor=b_value.anchor,
-                        ),
-                    )
+                    # A "!retain" tag says to skip deep merging for this node. Replace the tag so
+                    # downstream schema validation doesn't break on our application-specific tag.
+                    if b_value.tag == '!retain':
+                        b_value.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq'
+                    else:
+                        replaced_nodes[(b_key, b_value)] = (
+                            b_key,
+                            ruamel.yaml.nodes.SequenceNode(
+                                tag=b_value.tag,
+                                value=filter_omitted_nodes(a_value.value + b_value.value),
+                                start_mark=b_value.start_mark,
+                                end_mark=b_value.end_mark,
+                                flow_style=b_value.flow_style,
+                                comment=b_value.comment,
+                                anchor=b_value.anchor,
+                            ),
+                        )
 
     return [
         replaced_nodes.get(node, node) for node in nodes if replaced_nodes.get(node) != DELETED_NODE
     ]
-
-
-class Include_constructor(ruamel.yaml.SafeConstructor):
-    '''
-    A YAML "constructor" (a ruamel.yaml concept) that supports a custom "!include" tag for including
-    separate YAML configuration files. Example syntax: `retention: !include common.yaml`
-    '''
-
-    def __init__(self, preserve_quotes=None, loader=None):
-        super(Include_constructor, self).__init__(preserve_quotes, loader)
-        self.add_constructor('!include', include_configuration)
-
-    def flatten_mapping(self, node):
-        '''
-        Support the special case of deep merging included configuration into an existing mapping
-        using the YAML '<<' merge key. Example syntax:
-
-        ```
-        retention:
-            keep_daily: 1
-
-        <<: !include common.yaml
-        ```
-
-        These includes are deep merged into the current configuration file. For instance, in this
-        example, any "retention" options in common.yaml will get merged into the "retention" section
-        in the example configuration file.
-        '''
-        representer = ruamel.yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter()
-
-        for index, (key_node, value_node) in enumerate(node.value):
-            if key_node.tag == u'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge' and value_node.tag == '!include':
-                included_value = representer.represent_data(self.construct_object(value_node))
-                node.value[index] = (key_node, included_value)
-
-        super(Include_constructor, self).flatten_mapping(node)
-
-        node.value = deep_merge_nodes(node.value)

borgmatic/config/normalize.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import os
 
 
 def normalize(config_filename, config):
@@ -8,53 +9,63 @@ def normalize(config_filename, config):
     message warnings produced based on the normalization performed.
     '''
     logs = []
+    location = config.get('location') or {}
+    storage = config.get('storage') or {}
+    consistency = config.get('consistency') or {}
+    hooks = config.get('hooks') or {}
 
     # Upgrade exclude_if_present from a string to a list.
-    exclude_if_present = config.get('location', {}).get('exclude_if_present')
+    exclude_if_present = location.get('exclude_if_present')
     if isinstance(exclude_if_present, str):
         config['location']['exclude_if_present'] = [exclude_if_present]
 
     # Upgrade various monitoring hooks from a string to a dict.
-    healthchecks = config.get('hooks', {}).get('healthchecks')
+    healthchecks = hooks.get('healthchecks')
     if isinstance(healthchecks, str):
         config['hooks']['healthchecks'] = {'ping_url': healthchecks}
 
-    cronitor = config.get('hooks', {}).get('cronitor')
+    cronitor = hooks.get('cronitor')
     if isinstance(cronitor, str):
         config['hooks']['cronitor'] = {'ping_url': cronitor}
 
-    pagerduty = config.get('hooks', {}).get('pagerduty')
+    pagerduty = hooks.get('pagerduty')
     if isinstance(pagerduty, str):
         config['hooks']['pagerduty'] = {'integration_key': pagerduty}
 
-    cronhub = config.get('hooks', {}).get('cronhub')
+    cronhub = hooks.get('cronhub')
     if isinstance(cronhub, str):
         config['hooks']['cronhub'] = {'ping_url': cronhub}
 
     # Upgrade consistency checks from a list of strings to a list of dicts.
-    checks = config.get('consistency', {}).get('checks')
+    checks = consistency.get('checks')
     if isinstance(checks, list) and len(checks) and isinstance(checks[0], str):
         config['consistency']['checks'] = [{'name': check_type} for check_type in checks]
 
     # Rename various configuration options.
-    numeric_owner = config.get('location', {}).pop('numeric_owner', None)
+    numeric_owner = location.pop('numeric_owner', None)
     if numeric_owner is not None:
         config['location']['numeric_ids'] = numeric_owner
 
-    bsd_flags = config.get('location', {}).pop('bsd_flags', None)
+    bsd_flags = location.pop('bsd_flags', None)
     if bsd_flags is not None:
         config['location']['flags'] = bsd_flags
 
-    remote_rate_limit = config.get('storage', {}).pop('remote_rate_limit', None)
+    remote_rate_limit = storage.pop('remote_rate_limit', None)
     if remote_rate_limit is not None:
         config['storage']['upload_rate_limit'] = remote_rate_limit
 
     # Upgrade remote repositories to ssh:// syntax, required in Borg 2.
-    repositories = config.get('location', {}).get('repositories')
+    repositories = location.get('repositories')
     if repositories:
+        if isinstance(repositories[0], str):
+            config['location']['repositories'] = [
+                {'path': repository} for repository in repositories
+            ]
+            repositories = config['location']['repositories']
         config['location']['repositories'] = []
-        for repository in repositories:
-            if '~' in repository:
+        for repository_dict in repositories:
+            repository_path = repository_dict['path']
+            if '~' in repository_path:
                 logs.append(
                     logging.makeLogRecord(
                         dict(
@@ -64,21 +75,37 @@ def normalize(config_filename, config):
                         )
                     )
                 )
-            if ':' in repository and not repository.startswith('ssh://'):
-                rewritten_repository = (
-                    f"ssh://{repository.replace(':~', '/~').replace(':/', '/').replace(':', '/./')}"
-                )
-                logs.append(
-                    logging.makeLogRecord(
+            if ':' in repository_path:
+                if repository_path.startswith('file://'):
+                    updated_repository_path = os.path.abspath(
+                        repository_path.partition('file://')[-1]
+                    )
+                    config['location']['repositories'].append(
                         dict(
-                            levelno=logging.WARNING,
-                            levelname='WARNING',
-                            msg=f'{config_filename}: Remote repository paths without ssh:// syntax are deprecated. Interpreting "{repository}" as "{rewritten_repository}"',
+                            repository_dict,
+                            path=updated_repository_path,
+                        )
+                    )
+                elif repository_path.startswith('ssh://'):
+                    config['location']['repositories'].append(repository_dict)
+                else:
+                    rewritten_repository_path = f"ssh://{repository_path.replace(':~', '/~').replace(':/', '/').replace(':', '/./')}"
+                    logs.append(
+                        logging.makeLogRecord(
+                            dict(
+                                levelno=logging.WARNING,
+                                levelname='WARNING',
+                                msg=f'{config_filename}: Remote repository paths without ssh:// syntax are deprecated. Interpreting "{repository_path}" as "{rewritten_repository_path}"',
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                    config['location']['repositories'].append(
+                        dict(
+                            repository_dict,
+                            path=rewritten_repository_path,
                         )
                     )
-                )
-                config['location']['repositories'].append(rewritten_repository)
             else:
-                config['location']['repositories'].append(repository)
+                config['location']['repositories'].append(repository_dict)
 
     return logs

borgmatic/config/override.py

@@ -57,7 +57,12 @@ def parse_overrides(raw_overrides):
     for raw_override in raw_overrides:
         try:
             raw_keys, value = raw_override.split('=', 1)
-            parsed_overrides.append((tuple(raw_keys.split('.')), convert_value_type(value),))
+            parsed_overrides.append(
+                (
+                    tuple(raw_keys.split('.')),
+                    convert_value_type(value),
+                )
+            )
         except ValueError:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"Invalid override '{raw_override}'. Make sure you use the form: SECTION.OPTION=VALUE"
@@ -70,10 +75,10 @@ def parse_overrides(raw_overrides):
 
 def apply_overrides(config, raw_overrides):
     '''
-    Given a sequence of configuration file override strings in the form of "section.option=value"
-    and a configuration dict, parse each override and set it the configuration dict.
+    Given a configuration dict and a sequence of configuration file override strings in the form of
+    "section.option=value", parse each override and set it the configuration dict.
     '''
     overrides = parse_overrides(raw_overrides)
 
-    for (keys, value) in overrides:
+    for keys, value in overrides:
         set_values(config, keys, value)

borgmatic/config/schema.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,17 @@ required:
     - location
 additionalProperties: false
 properties:
+    constants:
+        type: object
+        description: |
+            Constants to use in the configuration file. All occurrences of the
+            constant name within culy braces will be replaced with the value.
+            For example, if you have a constant named "hostname" with the value
+            "myhostname", then the string "{hostname}" will be replaced with
+            "myhostname" in the configuration file.
+        example:
+            hostname: myhostname
+            prefix: myprefix
     location:
         type: object
         description: |
@@ -19,8 +30,8 @@ properties:
                 items:
                     type: string
                 description: |
-                    List of source directories to backup. Globs and tildes are
-                    expanded. Do not backslash spaces in path names.
+                    List of source directories and files to backup. Globs and
+                    tildes are expanded. Do not backslash spaces in path names.
                 example:
                     - /home
                     - /etc
@@ -29,19 +40,32 @@ properties:
             repositories:
                 type: array
                 items:
-                    type: string
+                    type: object 
+                    required:
+                        - path
+                    properties:
+                        path:
+                            type: string
+                            example: ssh://user@backupserver/./{fqdn}
+                        label:
+                            type: string
+                            example: backupserver
                 description: |
-                    Paths to local or remote repositories (required). Tildes are
-                    expanded. Multiple repositories are backed up to in
-                    sequence. Borg placeholders can be used. See the output of
-                    "borg help placeholders" for details. See ssh_command for
-                    SSH options like identity file or port. If systemd service
-                    is used, then add local repository paths in the systemd
-                    service file to the ReadWritePaths list.
+                    A required list of local or remote repositories with paths
+                    and optional labels (which can be used with the --repository
+                    flag to select a repository). Tildes are expanded. Multiple
+                    repositories are backed up to in sequence. Borg placeholders
+                    can be used. See the output of "borg help placeholders" for
+                    details. See ssh_command for SSH options like identity file
+                    or port. If systemd service is used, then add local
+                    repository paths in the systemd service file to the
+                    ReadWritePaths list. Prior to borgmatic 1.7.10, repositories
+                    was a list of plain path strings.
                 example:
-                    - ssh://user@backupserver/./sourcehostname.borg
-                    - ssh://user@backupserver/./{fqdn}
-                    - /var/local/backups/local.borg
+                    - path: ssh://user@backupserver/./sourcehostname.borg
+                      label: backupserver
+                    - path: /mnt/backup
+                      label: local
             working_directory:
                 type: string
                 description: |
@@ -202,6 +226,12 @@ properties:
                     path prevents "borgmatic restore" from finding any database
                     dumps created before the change. Defaults to ~/.borgmatic
                 example: /tmp/borgmatic
+            source_directories_must_exist:
+                type: boolean
+                description: |
+                    If true, then source directories must exist, otherwise an
+                    error is raised. Defaults to false.
+                example: true
     storage:
         type: object
         description: |
@@ -240,6 +270,16 @@ properties:
                     for details. Defaults to checkpoints every 1800 seconds (30
                     minutes).
                 example: 1800
+            checkpoint_volume:
+                type: integer
+                description: |
+                    Number of backed up bytes between each checkpoint during a
+                    long-running backup. Only supported with Borg 2+. See
+                    https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq.html
+                    for details. Defaults to only time-based checkpointing (see
+                    "checkpoint_interval") instead of volume-based
+                    checkpointing.
+                example: 1048576
             chunker_params:
                 type: string
                 description: |
@@ -305,6 +345,12 @@ properties:
                     Path for Borg cache files. Defaults to
                     $borg_base_directory/.cache/borg
                 example: /path/to/base/cache
+            borg_files_cache_ttl:
+                type: integer
+                description: |
+                    Maximum time to live (ttl) for entries in the Borg files
+                    cache.
+                example: 20
             borg_security_directory:
                 type: string
                 description: |
@@ -332,12 +378,21 @@ properties:
                 description: |
                     Name of the archive. Borg placeholders can be used. See the
                     output of "borg help placeholders" for details. Defaults to
-                    "{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}". If you specify this
-                    option, consider also specifying a prefix in the retention
-                    and consistency sections to avoid accidental
-                    pruning/checking of archives with different archive name
-                    formats.
+                    "{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}". When running
+                    actions like rlist, info, or check, borgmatic automatically
+                    tries to match only archives created with this name format.
                 example: "{hostname}-documents-{now}"
+            match_archives:
+                type: string
+                description: |
+                    A Borg pattern for filtering down the archives used by
+                    borgmatic actions that operate on multiple archives. For
+                    Borg 1.x, use a shell pattern here and see the output of
+                    "borg help placeholders" for details. For Borg 2.x, see the
+                    output of "borg help match-archives". If match_archives is
+                    not specified, borgmatic defaults to deriving the
+                    match_archives value from archive_name_format.
+                example: "sh:{hostname}-*"
             relocated_repo_access_is_ok:
                 type: boolean
                 description: |
@@ -359,6 +414,11 @@ properties:
                         description: |
                           Extra command-line options to pass to "borg init".
                         example: "--extra-option"
+                    create:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                          Extra command-line options to pass to "borg create".
+                        example: "--extra-option"
                     prune:
                         type: string
                         description: |
@@ -369,11 +429,6 @@ properties:
                         description: |
                           Extra command-line options to pass to "borg compact".
                         example: "--extra-option"
-                    create:
-                        type: string
-                        description: |
-                          Extra command-line options to pass to "borg create".
-                        example: "--extra-option"
                     check:
                         type: string
                         description: |
@@ -431,10 +486,12 @@ properties:
             prefix:
                 type: string
                 description: |
-                    When pruning, only consider archive names starting with this
-                    prefix.  Borg placeholders can be used. See the output of
-                    "borg help placeholders" for details. Defaults to
-                    "{hostname}-". Use an empty value to disable the default.
+                    Deprecated. When pruning, only consider archive names
+                    starting with this prefix. Borg placeholders can be used.
+                    See the output of "borg help placeholders" for details.
+                    If a prefix is not specified, borgmatic defaults to
+                    matching archives based on the archive_name_format (see
+                    above).
                 example: sourcehostname
     consistency:
         type: object
@@ -492,12 +549,12 @@ properties:
                 items:
                     type: string
                 description: |
-                    Paths to a subset of the repositories in the location
-                    section on which to run consistency checks. Handy in case
-                    some of your repositories are very large, and so running
-                    consistency checks on them would take too long. Defaults to
-                    running consistency checks on all repositories configured in
-                    the location section.
+                    Paths or labels for a subset of the repositories in the
+                    location section on which to run consistency checks. Handy
+                    in case some of your repositories are very large, and so
+                    running consistency checks on them would take too long.
+                    Defaults to running consistency checks on all repositories
+                    configured in the location section.
                 example:
                     - user@backupserver:sourcehostname.borg
             check_last:
@@ -510,11 +567,12 @@ properties:
             prefix:
                 type: string
                 description: |
-                    When performing the "archives" check, only consider archive
-                    names starting with this prefix. Borg placeholders can be
-                    used. See the output of "borg help placeholders" for
-                    details. Defaults to "{hostname}-". Use an empty value to
-                    disable the default.
+                    Deprecated. When performing the "archives" check, only
+                    consider archive names starting with this prefix. Borg
+                    placeholders can be used. See the output of "borg help
+                    placeholders" for details. If a prefix is not specified,
+                    borgmatic defaults to matching archives based on the
+                    archive_name_format (see above).
                 example: sourcehostname
     output:
         type: object
@@ -653,11 +711,11 @@ properties:
                     type: string
                 description: |
                     List of one or more shell commands or scripts to execute
-                    when an exception occurs during a "prune", "compact",
-                    "create", or "check" action or an associated before/after
+                    when an exception occurs during a "create", "prune",
+                    "compact", or "check" action or an associated before/after
                     hook.
                 example:
-                    - echo "Error during prune/compact/create/check."
+                    - echo "Error during create/prune/compact/check."
             before_everything:
                 type: array
                 items:
@@ -691,10 +749,13 @@ properties:
                             type: string
                             description: |
                                 Database name (required if using this hook). Or
-                                "all" to dump all databases on the host. Note
-                                that using this database hook implicitly enables
-                                both read_special and one_file_system (see
-                                above) to support dump and restore streaming.
+                                "all" to dump all databases on the host. (Also
+                                set the "format" to dump each database to a
+                                separate file instead of one combined file.)
+                                Note that using this database hook implicitly
+                                enables both read_special and one_file_system
+                                (see above) to support dump and restore
+                                streaming.
                             example: users
                         hostname:
                             type: string
@@ -729,9 +790,14 @@ properties:
                             description: |
                                 Database dump output format. One of "plain",
                                 "custom", "directory", or "tar". Defaults to
-                                "custom" (unlike raw pg_dump). See pg_dump
-                                documentation for details. Note that format is
-                                ignored when the database name is "all".
+                                "custom" (unlike raw pg_dump) for a single
+                                database. Or, when database name is "all" and
+                                format is blank, dumps all databases to a single
+                                file. But if a format is specified with an "all"
+                                database name, dumps each database to a separate
+                                file of that format, allowing more convenient
+                                restores of individual databases. See the
+                                pg_dump documentation for more about formats.
                             example: directory
                         ssl_mode:
                             type: string
@@ -764,6 +830,32 @@ properties:
                             description: |
                                 Path to a certificate revocation list.
                             example: "/root/.postgresql/root.crl"
+                        pg_dump_command:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Command to use instead of "pg_dump" or
+                                "pg_dumpall". This can be used to run a specific
+                                pg_dump version (e.g., one inside a running
+                                container). Defaults to "pg_dump" for single
+                                database dump or "pg_dumpall" to dump all
+                                databases.
+                            example: docker exec my_pg_container pg_dump
+                        pg_restore_command:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Command to use instead of "pg_restore". This
+                                can be used to run a specific pg_restore
+                                version (e.g., one inside a running container).
+                                Defaults to "pg_restore".
+                            example: docker exec my_pg_container pg_restore
+                        psql_command:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Command to use instead of "psql". This can be
+                                used to run a specific psql version (e.g.,
+                                one inside a running container). Defaults to
+                                "psql".
+                            example: docker exec my_pg_container psql
                         options:
                             type: string
                             description: |
@@ -772,6 +864,30 @@ properties:
                                 any validation on them. See pg_dump
                                 documentation for details.
                             example: --role=someone
+                        list_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional psql options to pass directly to the
+                                psql command that lists available databases,
+                                without performing any validation on them. See
+                                psql documentation for details.
+                            example: --role=someone
+                        restore_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional pg_restore/psql options to pass
+                                directly to the restore command, without
+                                performing any validation on them. See
+                                pg_restore/psql documentation for details.
+                            example: --role=someone
+                        analyze_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional psql options to pass directly to the
+                                analyze command run after a restore, without
+                                performing any validation on them. See psql
+                                documentation for details.
+                            example: --role=someone
                 description: |
                     List of one or more PostgreSQL databases to dump before
                     creating a backup, run once per configuration file. The
@@ -821,14 +937,26 @@ properties:
                                 configured to trust the configured username
                                 without a password.
                             example: trustsome1
-                        list_options:
+                        format:
                             type: string
+                            enum: ['sql']
                             description: |
-                                Additional mysql options to pass directly to
-                                the mysql command that lists available
-                                databases, without performing any validation on
-                                them. See mysql documentation for details.
-                            example: --defaults-extra-file=my.cnf
+                                Database dump output format. Currently only
+                                "sql" is supported. Defaults to "sql" for a
+                                single database. Or, when database name is "all"
+                                and format is blank, dumps all databases to a
+                                single file. But if a format is specified with
+                                an "all" database name, dumps each database to a
+                                separate file of that format, allowing more
+                                convenient restores of individual databases.
+                            example: directory
+                        add_drop_database:
+                            type: boolean
+                            description: |
+                                Use the "--add-drop-database" flag with
+                                mysqldump, causing the database to be dropped
+                                right before restore. Defaults to true.
+                            example: false
                         options:
                             type: string
                             description: |
@@ -837,6 +965,22 @@ properties:
                                 validation on them. See mysqldump documentation
                                 for details.
                             example: --skip-comments
+                        list_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional mysql options to pass directly to
+                                the mysql command that lists available
+                                databases, without performing any validation on
+                                them. See mysql documentation for details.
+                            example: --defaults-extra-file=my.cnf
+                        restore_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional mysql options to pass directly to
+                                the mysql command that restores database dumps,
+                                without performing any validation on them. See
+                                mysql documentation for details.
+                            example: --defaults-extra-file=my.cnf
                 description: |
                     List of one or more MySQL/MariaDB databases to dump before
                     creating a backup, run once per configuration file. The
@@ -845,6 +989,31 @@ properties:
                     mysqldump/mysql commands (from either MySQL or MariaDB). See
                     https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html or
                     https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mysqldump/ for details.
+            sqlite_databases:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                    type: object
+                    required: ['path','name']
+                    additionalProperties: false
+                    properties:
+                        name:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                This is used to tag the database dump file
+                                with a name. It is not the path to the database
+                                file itself. The name "all" has no special
+                                meaning for SQLite databases.
+                            example: users
+                        path:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Path to the SQLite database file to dump. If
+                                relative, it is relative to the current working
+                                directory. Note that using this
+                                database hook implicitly enables both
+                                read_special and one_file_system (see above) to
+                                support dump and restore streaming.
+                            example: /var/lib/sqlite/users.db
             mongodb_databases:
                 type: array
                 items:
@@ -909,7 +1078,15 @@ properties:
                                 directly to the dump command, without performing
                                 any validation on them. See mongodump
                                 documentation for details.
-                            example: --role=someone
+                            example: --dumpDbUsersAndRoles
+                        restore_options:
+                            type: string
+                            description: |
+                                Additional mongorestore options to pass
+                                directly to the dump command, without performing
+                                any validation on them. See mongorestore
+                                documentation for details.
+                            example: --restoreDbUsersAndRoles
                 description: |
                     List of one or more MongoDB databases to dump before
                     creating a backup, run once per configuration file. The
@@ -935,6 +1112,16 @@ properties:
                         description: |
                             The address of your self-hosted ntfy.sh instance.
                         example: https://ntfy.your-domain.com
+                    username:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            The username used for authentication.
+                        example: testuser
+                    password:
+                        type: string
+                        description: |
+                            The password used for authentication.
+                        example: fakepassword
                     start:
                         type: object
                         properties:
@@ -1029,7 +1216,7 @@ properties:
                         type: string
                         description: |
                             Healthchecks ping URL or UUID to notify when a
-                            backup begins, ends, or errors.
+                            backup begins, ends, errors, or to send only logs.
                         example: https://hc-ping.com/your-uuid-here
                     verify_tls:
                         type: boolean
@@ -1041,7 +1228,8 @@ properties:
                         type: boolean
                         description: |
                             Send borgmatic logs to Healthchecks as part the
-                            "finish" state. Defaults to true.
+                            "finish", "fail", and "log" states. Defaults to
+                            true.
                         example: false
                     ping_body_limit:
                         type: integer
@@ -1060,10 +1248,11 @@ properties:
                                 - start
                                 - finish
                                 - fail
+                                - log
                             uniqueItems: true
                         description: |
                             List of one or more monitoring states to ping for:
-                            "start", "finish", and/or "fail". Defaults to
+                            "start", "finish", "fail", and/or "log". Defaults to
                             pinging for all states.
                         example:
                             - finish

borgmatic/config/validate.py

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 import os
 
 import jsonschema
-import pkg_resources
 import ruamel.yaml
 
+try:
+    import importlib_metadata
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    import importlib.metadata as importlib_metadata
+
+import borgmatic.config
 from borgmatic.config import environment, load, normalize, override
 
 
@@ -11,8 +16,19 @@ def schema_filename():
     '''
     Path to the installed YAML configuration schema file, used to validate and parse the
     configuration.
+
+    Raise FileNotFoundError when the schema path does not exist.
     '''
-    return pkg_resources.resource_filename('borgmatic', 'config/schema.yaml')
+    try:
+        return next(
+            str(path.locate())
+            for path in importlib_metadata.files('borgmatic')
+            if path.match('config/schema.yaml')
+        )
+    except StopIteration:
+        # If the schema wasn't found in the package's files, this is probably a pip editable
+        # install, so try a different approach to get the schema.
+        return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(borgmatic.config.__file__), 'schema.yaml')
 
 
 def format_json_error_path_element(path_element):
@@ -20,9 +36,9 @@ def format_json_error_path_element(path_element):
     Given a path element into a JSON data structure, format it for display as a string.
     '''
     if isinstance(path_element, int):
-        return str('[{}]'.format(path_element))
+        return str(f'[{path_element}]')
 
-    return str('.{}'.format(path_element))
+    return str(f'.{path_element}')
 
 
 def format_json_error(error):
@@ -30,10 +46,10 @@ def format_json_error(error):
     Given an instance of jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError, format it for display as a string.
     '''
     if not error.path:
-        return 'At the top level: {}'.format(error.message)
+        return f'At the top level: {error.message}'
 
     formatted_path = ''.join(format_json_error_path_element(element) for element in error.path)
-    return "At '{}': {}".format(formatted_path.lstrip('.'), error.message)
+    return f"At '{formatted_path.lstrip('.')}': {error.message}"
 
 
 class Validation_error(ValueError):
@@ -54,9 +70,10 @@ class Validation_error(ValueError):
         '''
         Render a validation error as a user-facing string.
         '''
-        return 'An error occurred while parsing a configuration file at {}:\n'.format(
-            self.config_filename
-        ) + '\n'.join(error for error in self.errors)
+        return (
+            f'An error occurred while parsing a configuration file at {self.config_filename}:\n'
+            + '\n'.join(error for error in self.errors)
+        )
 
 
 def apply_logical_validation(config_filename, parsed_configuration):
@@ -68,13 +85,14 @@ def apply_logical_validation(config_filename, parsed_configuration):
     location_repositories = parsed_configuration.get('location', {}).get('repositories')
     check_repositories = parsed_configuration.get('consistency', {}).get('check_repositories', [])
     for repository in check_repositories:
-        if repository not in location_repositories:
+        if not any(
+            repositories_match(repository, config_repository)
+            for config_repository in location_repositories
+        ):
             raise Validation_error(
                 config_filename,
                 (
-                    'Unknown repository in the "consistency" section\'s "check_repositories": {}'.format(
-                        repository
-                    ),
+                    f'Unknown repository in the "consistency" section\'s "check_repositories": {repository}',
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -126,18 +144,29 @@ def normalize_repository_path(repository):
     '''
     Given a repository path, return the absolute path of it (for local repositories).
     '''
-    # A colon in the repository indicates it's a remote repository. Bail.
-    if ':' in repository:
+    # A colon in the repository could mean that it's either a file:// URL or a remote repository.
+    # If it's a remote repository, we don't want to normalize it. If it's a file:// URL, we do.
+    if ':' not in repository:
+        return os.path.abspath(repository)
+    elif repository.startswith('file://'):
+        return os.path.abspath(repository.partition('file://')[-1])
+    else:
         return repository
 
-    return os.path.abspath(repository)
-
 
 def repositories_match(first, second):
     '''
-    Given two repository paths (relative and/or absolute), return whether they match.
+    Given two repository dicts with keys 'path' (relative and/or absolute),
+    and 'label', or two repository paths, return whether they match.
     '''
-    return normalize_repository_path(first) == normalize_repository_path(second)
+    if isinstance(first, str):
+        first = {'path': first, 'label': first}
+    if isinstance(second, str):
+        second = {'path': second, 'label': second}
+    return (first.get('label') == second.get('label')) or (
+        normalize_repository_path(first.get('path'))
+        == normalize_repository_path(second.get('path'))
+    )
 
 
 def guard_configuration_contains_repository(repository, configurations):
@@ -157,14 +186,14 @@ def guard_configuration_contains_repository(repository, configurations):
             config_repository
             for config in configurations.values()
             for config_repository in config['location']['repositories']
-            if repositories_match(repository, config_repository)
+            if repositories_match(config_repository, repository)
         )
     )
 
     if count == 0:
-        raise ValueError('Repository {} not found in configuration files'.format(repository))
+        raise ValueError(f'Repository {repository} not found in configuration files')
     if count > 1:
-        raise ValueError('Repository {} found in multiple configuration files'.format(repository))
+        raise ValueError(f'Repository {repository} found in multiple configuration files')
 
 
 def guard_single_repository_selected(repository, configurations):
@@ -186,5 +215,5 @@ def guard_single_repository_selected(repository, configurations):
 
     if count != 1:
         raise ValueError(
-            'Can\'t determine which repository to use. Use --repository to disambiguate'
+            "Can't determine which repository to use. Use --repository to disambiguate"
         )

borgmatic/execute.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT = 25
 BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE = 2
 
 
-def exit_code_indicates_error(process, exit_code, borg_local_path=None):
+def exit_code_indicates_error(command, exit_code, borg_local_path=None):
     '''
     Return True if the given exit code from running a command corresponds to an error. If a Borg
     local path is given and matches the process' command, then treat exit code 1 as a warning
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ def exit_code_indicates_error(process, exit_code, borg_local_path=None):
     if exit_code is None:
         return False
 
-    command = process.args.split(' ') if isinstance(process.args, str) else process.args
-
     if borg_local_path and command[0] == borg_local_path:
         return bool(exit_code < 0 or exit_code >= BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE)
 
@@ -45,11 +43,29 @@ def output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts):
     return process.stderr if process.stdout in exclude_stdouts else process.stdout
 
 
+def append_last_lines(last_lines, captured_output, line, output_log_level):
+    '''
+    Given a rolling list of last lines, a list of captured output, a line to append, and an output
+    log level, append the line to the last lines and (if necessary) the captured output. Then log
+    the line at the requested output log level.
+    '''
+    last_lines.append(line)
+
+    if len(last_lines) > ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
+        last_lines.pop(0)
+
+    if output_log_level is None:
+        captured_output.append(line)
+    else:
+        logger.log(output_log_level, line)
+
+
 def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path):
     '''
     Given a sequence of subprocess.Popen() instances for multiple processes, log the output for each
     process with the requested log level. Additionally, raise a CalledProcessError if a process
-    exits with an error (or a warning for exit code 1, if that process matches the Borg local path).
+    exits with an error (or a warning for exit code 1, if that process does not match the Borg local
+    path).
 
     If output log level is None, then instead of logging, capture output for each process and return
     it as a dict from the process to its output.
@@ -99,15 +115,12 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path):
 
                     # Keep the last few lines of output in case the process errors, and we need the output for
                     # the exception below.
-                    last_lines = buffer_last_lines[ready_buffer]
-                    last_lines.append(line)
-                    if len(last_lines) > ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
-                        last_lines.pop(0)
-
-                    if output_log_level is None:
-                        captured_outputs[ready_process].append(line)
-                    else:
-                        logger.log(output_log_level, line)
+                    append_last_lines(
+                        buffer_last_lines[ready_buffer],
+                        captured_outputs[ready_process],
+                        line,
+                        output_log_level,
+                    )
 
         if not still_running:
             break
@@ -120,13 +133,24 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path):
             if exit_code is None:
                 still_running = True
 
+            command = process.args.split(' ') if isinstance(process.args, str) else process.args
             # If any process errors, then raise accordingly.
-            if exit_code_indicates_error(process, exit_code, borg_local_path):
+            if exit_code_indicates_error(command, exit_code, borg_local_path):
                 # If an error occurs, include its output in the raised exception so that we don't
                 # inadvertently hide error output.
                 output_buffer = output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts)
-
                 last_lines = buffer_last_lines[output_buffer] if output_buffer else []
+
+                # Collect any straggling output lines that came in since we last gathered output.
+                while output_buffer:  # pragma: no cover
+                    line = output_buffer.readline().rstrip().decode()
+                    if not line:
+                        break
+
+                    append_last_lines(
+                        last_lines, captured_outputs[process], line, output_log_level=logging.ERROR
+                    )
+
                 if len(last_lines) == ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
                     last_lines.insert(0, '...')
 
@@ -147,15 +171,15 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path):
         }
 
 
-def log_command(full_command, input_file, output_file):
+def log_command(full_command, input_file=None, output_file=None):
     '''
     Log the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings), along with its input/output file
     paths.
     '''
     logger.debug(
         ' '.join(full_command)
-        + (' < {}'.format(getattr(input_file, 'name', '')) if input_file else '')
-        + (' > {}'.format(getattr(output_file, 'name', '')) if output_file else '')
+        + (f" < {getattr(input_file, 'name', '')}" if input_file else '')
+        + (f" > {getattr(output_file, 'name', '')}" if output_file else '')
     )
 
 
@@ -178,15 +202,14 @@ def execute_command(
 ):
     '''
     Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its output at the
-    given log level. If output log level is None, instead capture and return the output. (Implies
-    run_to_completion.) If an open output file object is given, then write stdout to the file and
-    only log stderr (but only if an output log level is set). If an open input file object is given,
-    then read stdin from the file. If shell is True, execute the command within a shell. If an extra
-    environment dict is given, then use it to augment the current environment, and pass the result
-    into the command. If a working directory is given, use that as the present working directory
-    when running the command. If a Borg local path is given, and the command matches it (regardless
-    of arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning instead of an error. If run to completion is
-    False, then return the process for the command without executing it to completion.
+    given log level. If an open output file object is given, then write stdout to the file and only
+    log stderr. If an open input file object is given, then read stdin from the file. If shell is
+    True, execute the command within a shell. If an extra environment dict is given, then use it to
+    augment the current environment, and pass the result into the command. If a working directory is
+    given, use that as the present working directory when running the command. If a Borg local path
+    is given, and the command matches it (regardless of arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning
+    instead of an error. If run to completion is False, then return the process for the command
+    without executing it to completion.
 
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs while running the command.
     '''
@@ -195,12 +218,6 @@ def execute_command(
     do_not_capture = bool(output_file is DO_NOT_CAPTURE)
     command = ' '.join(full_command) if shell else full_command
 
-    if output_log_level is None:
-        output = subprocess.check_output(
-            command, shell=shell, env=environment, cwd=working_directory
-        )
-        return output.decode() if output is not None else None
-
     process = subprocess.Popen(
         command,
         stdin=input_file,
@@ -218,6 +235,42 @@ def execute_command(
     )
 
 
+def execute_command_and_capture_output(
+    full_command,
+    capture_stderr=False,
+    shell=False,
+    extra_environment=None,
+    working_directory=None,
+):
+    '''
+    Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings), capturing and returning its
+    output (stdout). If capture stderr is True, then capture and return stderr in addition to
+    stdout. If shell is True, execute the command within a shell. If an extra environment dict is
+    given, then use it to augment the current environment, and pass the result into the command. If
+    a working directory is given, use that as the present working directory when running the command.
+
+    Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs while running the command.
+    '''
+    log_command(full_command)
+    environment = {**os.environ, **extra_environment} if extra_environment else None
+    command = ' '.join(full_command) if shell else full_command
+
+    try:
+        output = subprocess.check_output(
+            command,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if capture_stderr else None,
+            shell=shell,
+            env=environment,
+            cwd=working_directory,
+        )
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+        if exit_code_indicates_error(command, error.returncode):
+            raise
+        output = error.output
+
+    return output.decode() if output is not None else None
+
+
 def execute_command_with_processes(
     full_command,
     processes,

borgmatic/hooks/command.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def interpolate_context(config_filename, hook_description, command, context):
     names/values, interpolate the values by "{name}" into the command and return the result.
     '''
     for name, value in context.items():
-        command = command.replace('{%s}' % name, str(value))
+        command = command.replace(f'{{{name}}}', str(value))
 
     for unsupported_variable in re.findall(r'{\w+}', command):
         logger.warning(
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def execute_hook(commands, umask, config_filename, description, dry_run, **conte
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs in a hook.
     '''
     if not commands:
-        logger.debug('{}: No commands to run for {} hook'.format(config_filename, description))
+        logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: No commands to run for {description} hook')
         return
 
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually running hooks)' if dry_run else ''
@@ -49,19 +49,15 @@ def execute_hook(commands, umask, config_filename, description, dry_run, **conte
     ]
 
     if len(commands) == 1:
-        logger.info(
-            '{}: Running command for {} hook{}'.format(config_filename, description, dry_run_label)
-        )
+        logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Running command for {description} hook{dry_run_label}')
     else:
         logger.info(
-            '{}: Running {} commands for {} hook{}'.format(
-                config_filename, len(commands), description, dry_run_label
-            )
+            f'{config_filename}: Running {len(commands)} commands for {description} hook{dry_run_label}',
         )
 
     if umask:
         parsed_umask = int(str(umask), 8)
-        logger.debug('{}: Set hook umask to {}'.format(config_filename, oct(parsed_umask)))
+        logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: Set hook umask to {oct(parsed_umask)}')
         original_umask = os.umask(parsed_umask)
     else:
         original_umask = None
@@ -93,9 +89,7 @@ def considered_soft_failure(config_filename, error):
 
     if exit_code == SOFT_FAIL_EXIT_CODE:
         logger.info(
-            '{}: Command hook exited with soft failure exit code ({}); skipping remaining actions'.format(
-                config_filename, SOFT_FAIL_EXIT_CODE
-            )
+            f'{config_filename}: Command hook exited with soft failure exit code ({SOFT_FAIL_EXIT_CODE}); skipping remaining actions',
         )
         return True
 

borgmatic/hooks/cronhub.py

@@ -27,18 +27,22 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
     Ping the configured Cronhub URL, modified with the monitor.State. Use the given configuration
     filename in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually ping anything.
     '''
+    if state not in MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONHUB:
+        logger.debug(
+            f'{config_filename}: Ignoring unsupported monitoring {state.name.lower()} in Cronhub hook'
+        )
+        return
+
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
-    formatted_state = '/{}/'.format(MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONHUB[state])
+    formatted_state = f'/{MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONHUB[state]}/'
     ping_url = (
         hook_config['ping_url']
         .replace('/start/', formatted_state)
         .replace('/ping/', formatted_state)
     )
 
-    logger.info(
-        '{}: Pinging Cronhub {}{}'.format(config_filename, state.name.lower(), dry_run_label)
-    )
-    logger.debug('{}: Using Cronhub ping URL {}'.format(config_filename, ping_url))
+    logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Pinging Cronhub {state.name.lower()}{dry_run_label}')
+    logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: Using Cronhub ping URL {ping_url}')
 
     if not dry_run:
         logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)

borgmatic/hooks/cronitor.py

@@ -27,13 +27,17 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
     Ping the configured Cronitor URL, modified with the monitor.State. Use the given configuration
     filename in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually ping anything.
     '''
-    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
-    ping_url = '{}/{}'.format(hook_config['ping_url'], MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONITOR[state])
+    if state not in MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONITOR:
+        logger.debug(
+            f'{config_filename}: Ignoring unsupported monitoring {state.name.lower()} in Cronitor hook'
+        )
+        return
 
-    logger.info(
-        '{}: Pinging Cronitor {}{}'.format(config_filename, state.name.lower(), dry_run_label)
-    )
-    logger.debug('{}: Using Cronitor ping URL {}'.format(config_filename, ping_url))
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
+    ping_url = f"{hook_config['ping_url']}/{MONITOR_STATE_TO_CRONITOR[state]}"
+
+    logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Pinging Cronitor {state.name.lower()}{dry_run_label}')
+    logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: Using Cronitor ping URL {ping_url}')
 
     if not dry_run:
         logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)

borgmatic/hooks/dispatch.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from borgmatic.hooks import (
     ntfy,
     pagerduty,
     postgresql,
+    sqlite,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ HOOK_NAME_TO_MODULE = {
     'ntfy': ntfy,
     'pagerduty': pagerduty,
     'postgresql_databases': postgresql,
+    'sqlite_databases': sqlite,
 }
 
 
@@ -29,26 +31,21 @@ def call_hook(function_name, hooks, log_prefix, hook_name, *args, **kwargs):
     '''
     Given the hooks configuration dict and a prefix to use in log entries, call the requested
     function of the Python module corresponding to the given hook name. Supply that call with the
-    configuration for this hook, the log prefix, and any given args and kwargs. Return any return
-    value.
-
-    If the hook name is not present in the hooks configuration, then bail without calling anything.
+    configuration for this hook (if any), the log prefix, and any given args and kwargs. Return any
+    return value.
 
     Raise ValueError if the hook name is unknown.
     Raise AttributeError if the function name is not found in the module.
     Raise anything else that the called function raises.
     '''
-    config = hooks.get(hook_name)
-    if not config:
-        logger.debug('{}: No {} hook configured.'.format(log_prefix, hook_name))
-        return
+    config = hooks.get(hook_name, {})
 
     try:
         module = HOOK_NAME_TO_MODULE[hook_name]
     except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError('Unknown hook name: {}'.format(hook_name))
+        raise ValueError(f'Unknown hook name: {hook_name}')
 
-    logger.debug('{}: Calling {} hook function {}'.format(log_prefix, hook_name, function_name))
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Calling {hook_name} hook function {function_name}')
     return getattr(module, function_name)(config, log_prefix, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ def call_hooks(function_name, hooks, log_prefix, hook_names, *args, **kwargs):
     configuration for that hook, the log prefix, and any given args and kwargs. Collect any return
     values into a dict from hook name to return value.
 
-    If the hook name is not present in the hooks configuration, then don't call the function for it,
+    If the hook name is not present in the hooks configuration, then don't call the function for it
     and omit it from the return values.
 
     Raise ValueError if the hook name is unknown.
@@ -71,3 +68,19 @@ def call_hooks(function_name, hooks, log_prefix, hook_names, *args, **kwargs):
         for hook_name in hook_names
         if hooks.get(hook_name)
     }
+
+
+def call_hooks_even_if_unconfigured(function_name, hooks, log_prefix, hook_names, *args, **kwargs):
+    '''
+    Given the hooks configuration dict and a prefix to use in log entries, call the requested
+    function of the Python module corresponding to each given hook name. Supply each call with the
+    configuration for that hook, the log prefix, and any given args and kwargs. Collect any return
+    values into a dict from hook name to return value.
+
+    Raise AttributeError if the function name is not found in the module.
+    Raise anything else that a called function raises. An error stops calls to subsequent functions.
+    '''
+    return {
+        hook_name: call_hook(function_name, hooks, log_prefix, hook_name, *args, **kwargs)
+        for hook_name in hook_names
+    }

borgmatic/hooks/dump.py

@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ from borgmatic.borg.state import DEFAULT_BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES = ('postgresql_databases', 'mysql_databases', 'mongodb_databases')
+DATABASE_HOOK_NAMES = (
+    'postgresql_databases',
+    'mysql_databases',
+    'mongodb_databases',
+    'sqlite_databases',
+)
 
 
 def make_database_dump_path(borgmatic_source_directory, database_hook_name):
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ def make_database_dump_filename(dump_path, name, hostname=None):
     Raise ValueError if the database name is invalid.
     '''
     if os.path.sep in name:
-        raise ValueError('Invalid database name {}'.format(name))
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid database name {name}')
 
     return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(dump_path), hostname or 'localhost', name)
 
@@ -55,9 +60,7 @@ def remove_database_dumps(dump_path, database_type_name, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually removing anything)' if dry_run else ''
 
-    logger.info(
-        '{}: Removing {} database dumps{}'.format(log_prefix, database_type_name, dry_run_label)
-    )
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Removing {database_type_name} database dumps{dry_run_label}')
 
     expanded_path = os.path.expanduser(dump_path)
 
@@ -73,4 +76,4 @@ def convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns(patterns):
     Convert a sequence of shell glob patterns like "/etc/*" to the corresponding Borg archive
     patterns like "sh:etc/*".
     '''
-    return ['sh:{}'.format(pattern.lstrip(os.path.sep)) for pattern in patterns]
+    return [f'sh:{pattern.lstrip(os.path.sep)}' for pattern in patterns]

borgmatic/hooks/healthchecks.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ MONITOR_STATE_TO_HEALTHCHECKS = {
     monitor.State.START: 'start',
     monitor.State.FINISH: None,  # Healthchecks doesn't append to the URL for the finished state.
     monitor.State.FAIL: 'fail',
+    monitor.State.LOG: 'log',
 }
 
 PAYLOAD_TRUNCATION_INDICATOR = '...\n'
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
     ping_url = (
         hook_config['ping_url']
         if hook_config['ping_url'].startswith('http')
-        else 'https://hc-ping.com/{}'.format(hook_config['ping_url'])
+        else f"https://hc-ping.com/{hook_config['ping_url']}"
     )
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
 
@@ -110,14 +111,12 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
 
     healthchecks_state = MONITOR_STATE_TO_HEALTHCHECKS.get(state)
     if healthchecks_state:
-        ping_url = '{}/{}'.format(ping_url, healthchecks_state)
+        ping_url = f'{ping_url}/{healthchecks_state}'
 
-    logger.info(
-        '{}: Pinging Healthchecks {}{}'.format(config_filename, state.name.lower(), dry_run_label)
-    )
-    logger.debug('{}: Using Healthchecks ping URL {}'.format(config_filename, ping_url))
+    logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Pinging Healthchecks {state.name.lower()}{dry_run_label}')
+    logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: Using Healthchecks ping URL {ping_url}')
 
-    if state in (monitor.State.FINISH, monitor.State.FAIL):
+    if state in (monitor.State.FINISH, monitor.State.FAIL, monitor.State.LOG):
         payload = format_buffered_logs_for_payload()
     else:
         payload = ''

borgmatic/hooks/mongodb.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
 
-    logger.info('{}: Dumping MongoDB databases{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label))
+    logger.info(f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MongoDB databases{dry_run_label}')
 
     processes = []
     for database in databases:
@@ -38,20 +38,19 @@ def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
         dump_format = database.get('format', 'archive')
 
         logger.debug(
-            '{}: Dumping MongoDB database {} to {}{}'.format(
-                log_prefix, name, dump_filename, dry_run_label
-            )
+            f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MongoDB database {name} to {dump_filename}{dry_run_label}',
         )
         if dry_run:
             continue
 
+        command = build_dump_command(database, dump_filename, dump_format)
+
         if dump_format == 'directory':
             dump.create_parent_directory_for_dump(dump_filename)
+            execute_command(command, shell=True)
         else:
             dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
-
-        command = build_dump_command(database, dump_filename, dump_format)
-        processes.append(execute_command(command, shell=True, run_to_completion=False))
+            processes.append(execute_command(command, shell=True, run_to_completion=False))
 
     return processes
 
@@ -61,9 +60,9 @@ def build_dump_command(database, dump_filename, dump_format):
     Return the mongodump command from a single database configuration.
     '''
     all_databases = database['name'] == 'all'
-    command = ['mongodump', '--archive']
+    command = ['mongodump']
     if dump_format == 'directory':
-        command.append(dump_filename)
+        command.extend(('--out', dump_filename))
     if 'hostname' in database:
         command.extend(('--host', database['hostname']))
     if 'port' in database:
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ def build_dump_command(database, dump_filename, dump_format):
     if 'options' in database:
         command.extend(database['options'].split(' '))
     if dump_format != 'directory':
-        command.extend(('>', dump_filename))
+        command.extend(('--archive', '>', dump_filename))
     return command
 
 
@@ -125,9 +124,7 @@ def restore_database_dump(database_config, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run,
     )
     restore_command = build_restore_command(extract_process, database, dump_filename)
 
-    logger.debug(
-        '{}: Restoring MongoDB database {}{}'.format(log_prefix, database['name'], dry_run_label)
-    )
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MongoDB database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
     if dry_run:
         return
 
@@ -145,9 +142,11 @@ def build_restore_command(extract_process, database, dump_filename):
     '''
     Return the mongorestore command from a single database configuration.
     '''
-    command = ['mongorestore', '--archive']
-    if not extract_process:
-        command.append(dump_filename)
+    command = ['mongorestore']
+    if extract_process:
+        command.append('--archive')
+    else:
+        command.extend(('--dir', dump_filename))
     if database['name'] != 'all':
         command.extend(('--drop', '--db', database['name']))
     if 'hostname' in database:
@@ -160,4 +159,9 @@ def build_restore_command(extract_process, database, dump_filename):
         command.extend(('--password', database['password']))
     if 'authentication_database' in database:
         command.extend(('--authenticationDatabase', database['authentication_database']))
+    if 'restore_options' in database:
+        command.extend(database['restore_options'].split(' '))
+    if database['schemas']:
+        for schema in database['schemas']:
+            command.extend(('--nsInclude', schema))
     return command

borgmatic/hooks/monitor.py

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ class State(Enum):
     START = 1
     FINISH = 2
     FAIL = 3
+    LOG = 4

borgmatic/hooks/mysql.py

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+import copy
 import logging
+import os
 
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_with_processes
+from borgmatic.execute import (
+    execute_command,
+    execute_command_and_capture_output,
+    execute_command_with_processes,
+)
 from borgmatic.hooks import dump
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -18,16 +24,16 @@ def make_dump_path(location_config):  # pragma: no cover
 SYSTEM_DATABASE_NAMES = ('information_schema', 'mysql', 'performance_schema', 'sys')
 
 
-def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run_label):
+def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run):
     '''
-    Given a requested database name, return the corresponding sequence of database names to dump.
+    Given a requested database config, return the corresponding sequence of database names to dump.
     In the case of "all", query for the names of databases on the configured host and return them,
     excluding any system databases that will cause problems during restore.
     '''
-    requested_name = database['name']
-
-    if requested_name != 'all':
-        return (requested_name,)
+    if database['name'] != 'all':
+        return (database['name'],)
+    if dry_run:
+        return ()
 
     show_command = (
         ('mysql',)
@@ -39,11 +45,9 @@ def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run_labe
         + ('--skip-column-names', '--batch')
         + ('--execute', 'show schemas')
     )
-    logger.debug(
-        '{}: Querying for "all" MySQL databases to dump{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label)
-    )
-    show_output = execute_command(
-        show_command, output_log_level=None, extra_environment=extra_environment
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Querying for "all" MySQL databases to dump')
+    show_output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        show_command, extra_environment=extra_environment
     )
 
     return tuple(
@@ -53,6 +57,55 @@ def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run_labe
     )
 
 
+def execute_dump_command(
+    database, log_prefix, dump_path, database_names, extra_environment, dry_run, dry_run_label
+):
+    '''
+    Kick off a dump for the given MySQL/MariaDB database (provided as a configuration dict) to a
+    named pipe constructed from the given dump path and database names. Use the given log prefix in
+    any log entries.
+
+    Return a subprocess.Popen instance for the dump process ready to spew to a named pipe. But if
+    this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything and return None.
+    '''
+    database_name = database['name']
+    dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
+        dump_path, database['name'], database.get('hostname')
+    )
+    if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
+        logger.warning(
+            f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of MySQL database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}'
+        )
+        return None
+
+    dump_command = (
+        ('mysqldump',)
+        + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
+        + (('--add-drop-database',) if database.get('add_drop_database', True) else ())
+        + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+        + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if 'hostname' in database or 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--user', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + ('--databases',)
+        + database_names
+        + ('--result-file', dump_filename)
+    )
+
+    logger.debug(
+        f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MySQL database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}{dry_run_label}'
+    )
+    if dry_run:
+        return None
+
+    dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
+
+    return execute_command(
+        dump_command,
+        extra_environment=extra_environment,
+        run_to_completion=False,
+    )
+
+
 def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given MySQL/MariaDB databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence
@@ -66,55 +119,50 @@ def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
     processes = []
 
-    logger.info('{}: Dumping MySQL databases{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label))
+    logger.info(f'{log_prefix}: Dumping MySQL databases{dry_run_label}')
 
     for database in databases:
-        requested_name = database['name']
-        dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
-            make_dump_path(location_config), requested_name, database.get('hostname')
-        )
+        dump_path = make_dump_path(location_config)
         extra_environment = {'MYSQL_PWD': database['password']} if 'password' in database else None
         dump_database_names = database_names_to_dump(
-            database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run_label
+            database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run
         )
+
         if not dump_database_names:
+            if dry_run:
+                continue
+
             raise ValueError('Cannot find any MySQL databases to dump.')
 
-        dump_command = (
-            ('mysqldump',)
-            + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
-            + ('--add-drop-database',)
-            + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
-            + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
-            + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if 'hostname' in database or 'port' in database else ())
-            + (('--user', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
-            + ('--databases',)
-            + dump_database_names
-            # Use shell redirection rather than execute_command(output_file=open(...)) to prevent
-            # the open() call on a named pipe from hanging the main borgmatic process.
-            + ('>', dump_filename)
-        )
-
-        logger.debug(
-            '{}: Dumping MySQL database {} to {}{}'.format(
-                log_prefix, requested_name, dump_filename, dry_run_label
+        if database['name'] == 'all' and database.get('format'):
+            for dump_name in dump_database_names:
+                renamed_database = copy.copy(database)
+                renamed_database['name'] = dump_name
+                processes.append(
+                    execute_dump_command(
+                        renamed_database,
+                        log_prefix,
+                        dump_path,
+                        (dump_name,),
+                        extra_environment,
+                        dry_run,
+                        dry_run_label,
+                    )
+                )
+        else:
+            processes.append(
+                execute_dump_command(
+                    database,
+                    log_prefix,
+                    dump_path,
+                    dump_database_names,
+                    extra_environment,
+                    dry_run,
+                    dry_run_label,
+                )
             )
-        )
-        if dry_run:
-            continue
 
-        dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
-
-        processes.append(
-            execute_command(
-                dump_command,
-                shell=True,
-                extra_environment=extra_environment,
-                run_to_completion=False,
-            )
-        )
-
-    return processes
+    return [process for process in processes if process]
 
 
 def remove_database_dumps(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
@@ -153,6 +201,7 @@ def restore_database_dump(database_config, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run,
     database = database_config[0]
     restore_command = (
         ('mysql', '--batch')
+        + (tuple(database['restore_options'].split(' ')) if 'restore_options' in database else ())
         + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
         + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
         + (('--protocol', 'tcp') if 'hostname' in database or 'port' in database else ())
@@ -160,9 +209,7 @@ def restore_database_dump(database_config, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run,
     )
     extra_environment = {'MYSQL_PWD': database['password']} if 'password' in database else None
 
-    logger.debug(
-        '{}: Restoring MySQL database {}{}'.format(log_prefix, database['name'], dry_run_label)
-    )
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring MySQL database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
     if dry_run:
         return
 

borgmatic/hooks/ntfy.py

@@ -2,16 +2,8 @@ import logging
 
 import requests
 
-from borgmatic.hooks import monitor
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-MONITOR_STATE_TO_NTFY = {
-    monitor.State.START: None,
-    monitor.State.FINISH: None,
-    monitor.State.FAIL: None,
-}
-
 
 def initialize_monitor(
     ping_url, config_filename, monitoring_log_level, dry_run
@@ -56,14 +48,30 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
             'X-Tags': state_config.get('tags'),
         }
 
+        username = hook_config.get('username')
+        password = hook_config.get('password')
+
+        auth = None
+        if (username and password) is not None:
+            auth = requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)
+            logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Using basic auth with user {username} for ntfy')
+        elif username is not None:
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{config_filename}: Password missing for ntfy authentication, defaulting to no auth'
+            )
+        elif password is not None:
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{config_filename}: Username missing for ntfy authentication, defaulting to no auth'
+            )
+
         if not dry_run:
             logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)
             try:
-                response = requests.post(f'{base_url}/{topic}', headers=headers)
+                response = requests.post(f'{base_url}/{topic}', headers=headers, auth=auth)
                 if not response.ok:
                     response.raise_for_status()
             except requests.exceptions.RequestException as error:
-                logger.warning(f'{config_filename}: Ntfy error: {error}')
+                logger.warning(f'{config_filename}: ntfy error: {error}')
 
 
 def destroy_monitor(

borgmatic/hooks/pagerduty.py

@@ -29,14 +29,12 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
     '''
     if state != monitor.State.FAIL:
         logger.debug(
-            '{}: Ignoring unsupported monitoring {} in PagerDuty hook'.format(
-                config_filename, state.name.lower()
-            )
+            f'{config_filename}: Ignoring unsupported monitoring {state.name.lower()} in PagerDuty hook',
         )
         return
 
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually sending)' if dry_run else ''
-    logger.info('{}: Sending failure event to PagerDuty {}'.format(config_filename, dry_run_label))
+    logger.info(f'{config_filename}: Sending failure event to PagerDuty {dry_run_label}')
 
     if dry_run:
         return
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
             'routing_key': hook_config['integration_key'],
             'event_action': 'trigger',
             'payload': {
-                'summary': 'backup failed on {}'.format(hostname),
+                'summary': f'backup failed on {hostname}',
                 'severity': 'error',
                 'source': hostname,
                 'timestamp': local_timestamp,
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ def ping_monitor(hook_config, config_filename, state, monitoring_log_level, dry_
             },
         }
     )
-    logger.debug('{}: Using PagerDuty payload: {}'.format(config_filename, payload))
+    logger.debug(f'{config_filename}: Using PagerDuty payload: {payload}')
 
     logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)
     try:

borgmatic/hooks/postgresql.py

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
+import csv
+import itertools
 import logging
+import os
+import shlex
 
-from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_with_processes
+from borgmatic.execute import (
+    execute_command,
+    execute_command_and_capture_output,
+    execute_command_with_processes,
+)
 from borgmatic.hooks import dump
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -34,6 +42,46 @@ def make_extra_environment(database):
     return extra
 
 
+EXCLUDED_DATABASE_NAMES = ('template0', 'template1')
+
+
+def database_names_to_dump(database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Given a requested database config, return the corresponding sequence of database names to dump.
+    In the case of "all" when a database format is given, query for the names of databases on the
+    configured host and return them. For "all" without a database format, just return a sequence
+    containing "all".
+    '''
+    requested_name = database['name']
+
+    if requested_name != 'all':
+        return (requested_name,)
+    if not database.get('format'):
+        return ('all',)
+    if dry_run:
+        return ()
+
+    psql_command = shlex.split(database.get('psql_command') or 'psql')
+    list_command = (
+        tuple(psql_command)
+        + ('--list', '--no-password', '--no-psqlrc', '--csv', '--tuples-only')
+        + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+        + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+        + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + (tuple(database['list_options'].split(' ')) if 'list_options' in database else ())
+    )
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Querying for "all" PostgreSQL databases to dump')
+    list_output = execute_command_and_capture_output(
+        list_command, extra_environment=extra_environment
+    )
+
+    return tuple(
+        row[0]
+        for row in csv.reader(list_output.splitlines(), delimiter=',', quotechar='"')
+        if row[0] not in EXCLUDED_DATABASE_NAMES
+    )
+
+
 def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
     '''
     Dump the given PostgreSQL databases to a named pipe. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
@@ -43,58 +91,83 @@ def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
 
     Return a sequence of subprocess.Popen instances for the dump processes ready to spew to a named
     pipe. But if this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything and return an empty sequence.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the databases to dump cannot be determined.
     '''
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
     processes = []
 
-    logger.info('{}: Dumping PostgreSQL databases{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label))
+    logger.info(f'{log_prefix}: Dumping PostgreSQL databases{dry_run_label}')
 
     for database in databases:
-        name = database['name']
-        dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
-            make_dump_path(location_config), name, database.get('hostname')
-        )
-        all_databases = bool(name == 'all')
-        dump_format = database.get('format', 'custom')
-        command = (
-            (
-                'pg_dumpall' if all_databases else 'pg_dump',
-                '--no-password',
-                '--clean',
-                '--if-exists',
-            )
-            + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
-            + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
-            + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
-            + (() if all_databases else ('--format', dump_format))
-            + (('--file', dump_filename) if dump_format == 'directory' else ())
-            + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
-            + (() if all_databases else (name,))
-            # Use shell redirection rather than the --file flag to sidestep synchronization issues
-            # when pg_dump/pg_dumpall tries to write to a named pipe. But for the directory dump
-            # format in a particular, a named destination is required, and redirection doesn't work.
-            + (('>', dump_filename) if dump_format != 'directory' else ())
-        )
         extra_environment = make_extra_environment(database)
-
-        logger.debug(
-            '{}: Dumping PostgreSQL database {} to {}{}'.format(
-                log_prefix, name, dump_filename, dry_run_label
-            )
+        dump_path = make_dump_path(location_config)
+        dump_database_names = database_names_to_dump(
+            database, extra_environment, log_prefix, dry_run
         )
-        if dry_run:
-            continue
 
-        if dump_format == 'directory':
-            dump.create_parent_directory_for_dump(dump_filename)
-        else:
-            dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
+        if not dump_database_names:
+            if dry_run:
+                continue
 
-        processes.append(
-            execute_command(
-                command, shell=True, extra_environment=extra_environment, run_to_completion=False
+            raise ValueError('Cannot find any PostgreSQL databases to dump.')
+
+        for database_name in dump_database_names:
+            dump_format = database.get('format', None if database_name == 'all' else 'custom')
+            default_dump_command = 'pg_dumpall' if database_name == 'all' else 'pg_dump'
+            dump_command = database.get('pg_dump_command') or default_dump_command
+            dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
+                dump_path, database_name, database.get('hostname')
             )
-        )
+            if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
+                logger.warning(
+                    f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of PostgreSQL database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}'
+                )
+                continue
+
+            command = (
+                (
+                    dump_command,
+                    '--no-password',
+                    '--clean',
+                    '--if-exists',
+                )
+                + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+                + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+                + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+                + (('--format', dump_format) if dump_format else ())
+                + (('--file', dump_filename) if dump_format == 'directory' else ())
+                + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
+                + (() if database_name == 'all' else (database_name,))
+                # Use shell redirection rather than the --file flag to sidestep synchronization issues
+                # when pg_dump/pg_dumpall tries to write to a named pipe. But for the directory dump
+                # format in a particular, a named destination is required, and redirection doesn't work.
+                + (('>', dump_filename) if dump_format != 'directory' else ())
+            )
+
+            logger.debug(
+                f'{log_prefix}: Dumping PostgreSQL database "{database_name}" to {dump_filename}{dry_run_label}'
+            )
+            if dry_run:
+                continue
+
+            if dump_format == 'directory':
+                dump.create_parent_directory_for_dump(dump_filename)
+                execute_command(
+                    command,
+                    shell=True,
+                    extra_environment=extra_environment,
+                )
+            else:
+                dump.create_named_pipe_for_dump(dump_filename)
+                processes.append(
+                    execute_command(
+                        command,
+                        shell=True,
+                        extra_environment=extra_environment,
+                        run_to_completion=False,
+                    )
+                )
 
     return processes
 
@@ -140,31 +213,39 @@ def restore_database_dump(database_config, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run,
     dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(
         make_dump_path(location_config), database['name'], database.get('hostname')
     )
+    psql_command = shlex.split(database.get('psql_command') or 'psql')
     analyze_command = (
-        ('psql', '--no-password', '--quiet')
+        tuple(psql_command)
+        + ('--no-password', '--no-psqlrc', '--quiet')
         + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
         + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
         + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
         + (('--dbname', database['name']) if not all_databases else ())
+        + (tuple(database['analyze_options'].split(' ')) if 'analyze_options' in database else ())
         + ('--command', 'ANALYZE')
     )
+    use_psql_command = all_databases or database.get('format') == 'plain'
+    pg_restore_command = shlex.split(database.get('pg_restore_command') or 'pg_restore')
     restore_command = (
-        ('psql' if all_databases else 'pg_restore', '--no-password')
-        + (
-            ('--if-exists', '--exit-on-error', '--clean', '--dbname', database['name'])
-            if not all_databases
-            else ()
-        )
+        tuple(psql_command if use_psql_command else pg_restore_command)
+        + ('--no-password',)
+        + (('--no-psqlrc',) if use_psql_command else ('--if-exists', '--exit-on-error', '--clean'))
+        + (('--dbname', database['name']) if not all_databases else ())
         + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
         + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
         + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+        + (tuple(database['restore_options'].split(' ')) if 'restore_options' in database else ())
         + (() if extract_process else (dump_filename,))
+        + tuple(
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(('--schema', schema) for schema in database['schemas'])
+            if database['schemas']
+            else ()
+        )
     )
+
     extra_environment = make_extra_environment(database)
 
-    logger.debug(
-        '{}: Restoring PostgreSQL database {}{}'.format(log_prefix, database['name'], dry_run_label)
-    )
+    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix}: Restoring PostgreSQL database {database['name']}{dry_run_label}")
     if dry_run:
         return
 

borgmatic/hooks/sqlite.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import logging
+import os
+
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_with_processes
+from borgmatic.hooks import dump
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def make_dump_path(location_config):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Make the dump path from the given location configuration and the name of this hook.
+    '''
+    return dump.make_database_dump_path(
+        location_config.get('borgmatic_source_directory'), 'sqlite_databases'
+    )
+
+
+def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Dump the given SQLite3 databases to a file. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
+    configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema. Use the given log prefix in any log
+    entries. Use the given location configuration dict to construct the destination path. If this
+    is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything.
+    '''
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
+    processes = []
+
+    logger.info(f'{log_prefix}: Dumping SQLite databases{dry_run_label}')
+
+    for database in databases:
+        database_path = database['path']
+
+        if database['name'] == 'all':
+            logger.warning('The "all" database name has no meaning for SQLite3 databases')
+        if not os.path.exists(database_path):
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{log_prefix}: No SQLite database at {database_path}; An empty database will be created and dumped'
+            )
+
+        dump_path = make_dump_path(location_config)
+        dump_filename = dump.make_database_dump_filename(dump_path, database['name'])
+        if os.path.exists(dump_filename):
+            logger.warning(
+                f'{log_prefix}: Skipping duplicate dump of SQLite database at {database_path} to {dump_filename}'
+            )
+            continue
+
+        command = (
+            'sqlite3',
+            database_path,
+            '.dump',
+            '>',
+            dump_filename,
+        )
+        logger.debug(
+            f'{log_prefix}: Dumping SQLite database at {database_path} to {dump_filename}{dry_run_label}'
+        )
+        if dry_run:
+            continue
+
+        dump.create_parent_directory_for_dump(dump_filename)
+        processes.append(execute_command(command, shell=True, run_to_completion=False))
+
+    return processes
+
+
+def remove_database_dumps(databases, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Remove the given SQLite3 database dumps from the filesystem. The databases are supplied as a
+    sequence of configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema. Use the given log prefix in
+    any log entries. Use the given location configuration dict to construct the destination path.
+    If this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
+    '''
+    dump.remove_database_dumps(make_dump_path(location_config), 'SQLite', log_prefix, dry_run)
+
+
+def make_database_dump_pattern(
+    databases, log_prefix, location_config, name=None
+):  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Make a pattern that matches the given SQLite3 databases. The databases are supplied as a
+    sequence of configuration dicts, as per the configuration schema.
+    '''
+    return dump.make_database_dump_filename(make_dump_path(location_config), name)
+
+
+def restore_database_dump(database_config, log_prefix, location_config, dry_run, extract_process):
+    '''
+    Restore the given SQLite3 database from an extract stream. The database is supplied as a
+    one-element sequence containing a dict describing the database, as per the configuration schema.
+    Use the given log prefix in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually restore
+    anything. Trigger the given active extract process (an instance of subprocess.Popen) to produce
+    output to consume.
+    '''
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
+
+    if len(database_config) != 1:
+        raise ValueError('The database configuration value is invalid')
+
+    database_path = database_config[0]['path']
+
+    logger.debug(f'{log_prefix}: Restoring SQLite database at {database_path}{dry_run_label}')
+    if dry_run:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        os.remove(database_path)
+        logger.warning(f'{log_prefix}: Removed existing SQLite database at {database_path}')
+    except FileNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+
+    restore_command = (
+        'sqlite3',
+        database_path,
+    )
+
+    # Don't give Borg local path so as to error on warnings, as "borg extract" only gives a warning
+    # if the restore paths don't exist in the archive.
+    execute_command_with_processes(
+        restore_command,
+        [extract_process],
+        output_log_level=logging.DEBUG,
+        input_file=extract_process.stdout,
+    )

borgmatic/logger.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Multi_stream_handler(logging.Handler):
 
     def emit(self, record):
         '''
-        Dispatch the log record to the approriate stream handler for the record's log level.
+        Dispatch the log record to the appropriate stream handler for the record's log level.
         '''
         self.log_level_to_handler[record.levelno].emit(record)
 
@@ -85,18 +85,19 @@ class Multi_stream_handler(logging.Handler):
             handler.setLevel(level)
 
 
-LOG_LEVEL_TO_COLOR = {
-    logging.CRITICAL: colorama.Fore.RED,
-    logging.ERROR: colorama.Fore.RED,
-    logging.WARN: colorama.Fore.YELLOW,
-    logging.INFO: colorama.Fore.GREEN,
-    logging.DEBUG: colorama.Fore.CYAN,
-}
-
-
 class Console_color_formatter(logging.Formatter):
     def format(self, record):
-        color = LOG_LEVEL_TO_COLOR.get(record.levelno)
+        add_custom_log_levels()
+
+        color = {
+            logging.CRITICAL: colorama.Fore.RED,
+            logging.ERROR: colorama.Fore.RED,
+            logging.WARN: colorama.Fore.YELLOW,
+            logging.ANSWER: colorama.Fore.MAGENTA,
+            logging.INFO: colorama.Fore.GREEN,
+            logging.DEBUG: colorama.Fore.CYAN,
+        }.get(record.levelno)
+
         return color_text(color, record.msg)
 
 
@@ -107,7 +108,46 @@ def color_text(color, message):
     if not color:
         return message
 
-    return '{}{}{}'.format(color, message, colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)
+    return f'{color}{message}{colorama.Style.RESET_ALL}'
+
+
+def add_logging_level(level_name, level_number):
+    '''
+    Globally add a custom logging level based on the given (all uppercase) level name and number.
+    Do this idempotently.
+
+    Inspired by https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2183233/how-to-add-a-custom-loglevel-to-pythons-logging-facility/35804945#35804945
+    '''
+    method_name = level_name.lower()
+
+    if not hasattr(logging, level_name):
+        logging.addLevelName(level_number, level_name)
+        setattr(logging, level_name, level_number)
+
+    if not hasattr(logging, method_name):
+
+        def log_for_level(self, message, *args, **kwargs):  # pragma: no cover
+            if self.isEnabledFor(level_number):
+                self._log(level_number, message, args, **kwargs)
+
+        setattr(logging.getLoggerClass(), method_name, log_for_level)
+
+    if not hasattr(logging.getLoggerClass(), method_name):
+
+        def log_to_root(message, *args, **kwargs):  # pragma: no cover
+            logging.log(level_number, message, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        setattr(logging, method_name, log_to_root)
+
+
+ANSWER = logging.WARN - 5
+
+
+def add_custom_log_levels():  # pragma: no cover
+    '''
+    Add a custom log level between WARN and INFO for user-requested answers.
+    '''
+    add_logging_level('ANSWER', ANSWER)
 
 
 def configure_logging(
@@ -116,6 +156,7 @@ def configure_logging(
     log_file_log_level=None,
     monitoring_log_level=None,
     log_file=None,
+    log_file_format=None,
 ):
     '''
     Configure logging to go to both the console and (syslog or log file). Use the given log levels,
@@ -130,6 +171,8 @@ def configure_logging(
     if monitoring_log_level is None:
         monitoring_log_level = console_log_level
 
+    add_custom_log_levels()
+
     # Log certain log levels to console stderr and others to stdout. This supports use cases like
     # grepping (non-error) output.
     console_error_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
@@ -138,7 +181,8 @@ def configure_logging(
         {
             logging.CRITICAL: console_error_handler,
             logging.ERROR: console_error_handler,
-            logging.WARN: console_standard_handler,
+            logging.WARN: console_error_handler,
+            logging.ANSWER: console_standard_handler,
             logging.INFO: console_standard_handler,
             logging.DEBUG: console_standard_handler,
         }
@@ -157,12 +201,18 @@ def configure_logging(
 
     if syslog_path and not interactive_console():
         syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
-        syslog_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('borgmatic: %(levelname)s %(message)s'))
+        syslog_handler.setFormatter(
+            logging.Formatter('borgmatic: {levelname} {message}', style='{')  # noqa: FS003
+        )
         syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
         handlers = (console_handler, syslog_handler)
     elif log_file:
         file_handler = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler(log_file)
-        file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
+        file_handler.setFormatter(
+            logging.Formatter(
+                log_file_format or '[{asctime}] {levelname}: {message}', style='{'  # noqa: FS003
+            )
+        )
         file_handler.setLevel(log_file_log_level)
         handlers = (console_handler, file_handler)
     else:

borgmatic/verbosity.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import logging
 
+import borgmatic.logger
+
 VERBOSITY_ERROR = -1
-VERBOSITY_WARNING = 0
+VERBOSITY_ANSWER = 0
 VERBOSITY_SOME = 1
 VERBOSITY_LOTS = 2
 
@@ -10,9 +12,11 @@ def verbosity_to_log_level(verbosity):
     '''
     Given a borgmatic verbosity value, return the corresponding Python log level.
     '''
+    borgmatic.logger.add_custom_log_levels()
+
     return {
         VERBOSITY_ERROR: logging.ERROR,
-        VERBOSITY_WARNING: logging.WARNING,
+        VERBOSITY_ANSWER: logging.ANSWER,
         VERBOSITY_SOME: logging.INFO,
         VERBOSITY_LOTS: logging.DEBUG,
     }.get(verbosity, logging.WARNING)

docs/Dockerfile

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-FROM alpine:3.16.0 as borgmatic
+FROM docker.io/alpine:3.17.1 as borgmatic
 
 COPY . /app
 RUN apk add --no-cache py3-pip py3-ruamel.yaml py3-ruamel.yaml.clib
 RUN pip install --no-cache /app && generate-borgmatic-config && chmod +r /etc/borgmatic/config.yaml
 RUN borgmatic --help > /command-line.txt \
-    && for action in rcreate transfer prune compact create check extract export-tar mount umount restore rlist list rinfo info borg; do \
+    && for action in rcreate transfer create prune compact check extract export-tar mount umount restore rlist list rinfo info break-lock borg; do \
            echo -e "\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" >> /command-line.txt \
            && borgmatic "$action" --help >> /command-line.txt; done
 
-FROM node:18.4.0-alpine as html
+FROM docker.io/node:19.5.0-alpine as html
 
 ARG ENVIRONMENT=production
 
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ RUN npm install @11ty/eleventy \
     @11ty/eleventy-plugin-syntaxhighlight \
     @11ty/eleventy-plugin-inclusive-language \
     @11ty/eleventy-navigation \
+    eleventy-plugin-code-clipboard \
     markdown-it \
     markdown-it-anchor \
     markdown-it-replace-link
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ COPY . /source
 RUN NODE_ENV=${ENVIRONMENT} npx eleventy --input=/source/docs --output=/output/docs \
   && mv /output/docs/index.html /output/index.html
 
-FROM nginx:1.22.0-alpine
+FROM docker.io/nginx:1.22.1-alpine
 
 COPY --from=html /output /usr/share/nginx/html
 COPY --from=borgmatic /etc/borgmatic/config.yaml /usr/share/nginx/html/docs/reference/config.yaml

docs/_includes/components/lists.css

@@ -63,11 +63,6 @@
 		top: -2px;
 		bottom: 2px;
 	}
-	@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-		.inlinelist .inlinelist-item code:before {
-			border-left-color: rgba(0,0,0,.8);
-		}
-	}
 }
 a.buzzword {
 	text-decoration: underline;
@@ -91,26 +86,9 @@ a.buzzword {
 .buzzword {
 	background-color: #f7f7f7;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-	.buzzword-list li,
-	.buzzword {
-		background-color: #080808;
-	}
-}
 .inlinelist .inlinelist-item {
 	background-color: #e9e9e9;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-	.inlinelist .inlinelist-item {
-		background-color: #000;
-	}
-	.inlinelist .inlinelist-item a {
-		color: #fff;
-	}
-	.inlinelist .inlinelist-item code {
-		color: inherit;
-	}
-}
 .inlinelist .inlinelist-item:hover,
 .inlinelist .inlinelist-item:focus,
 .buzzword-list li:hover,
@@ -217,12 +195,6 @@ main p a.buzzword {
 	height: 1.75em;
 	font-weight: 600;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-	.numberflag {
-		background-color: #00bcd4;
-		color: #222;
-	}
-}
 h1 .numberflag,
 h2 .numberflag,
 h3 .numberflag,
@@ -244,11 +216,6 @@ h2 .numberflag:after {
 	background-color: #fff;
 	width: calc(100% + 0.4em); /* 16px /40 */
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-	h2 .numberflag:after {
-		background-color: #222;
-	}
-}
 
 /* Super featured list on home page */
 .list-superfeatured .avatar {

docs/_includes/components/minilink.css

@@ -12,16 +12,6 @@
 	line-height: 1.285714285714; /* 18px /14 */
 	font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  .minilink {
-    background-color: #222;
-    /*
-      !important to override .elv-callout a
-      see _includes/components/callout.css
-     */
-    color: #fff !important;
-  }
-}
 table .minilink {
 	margin-top: 6px;
 }
@@ -32,12 +22,6 @@ table .minilink {
 .minilink[href]:focus {
 	background-color: #bbb;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  .minilink[href]:hover,
-  .minilink[href]:focus {
-    background-color: #444;
-  }
-}
 pre + .minilink {
 	color: #fff;
 	border-radius: 0 0 0.2857142857143em 0.2857142857143em; /* 4px /14 */
@@ -74,11 +58,6 @@ h4 .minilink {
 	text-transform: none;
 	box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  .minilink-addedin {
-    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
-  }
-}
 .minilink-addedin:not(:first-child) {
 	margin-left: .5em;
 }

docs/_includes/components/toc.css

@@ -79,22 +79,11 @@
 	border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
 	margin-bottom: 0.25em; /* 4px /16 */
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  .elv-toc-list > li > a {
-    color: #fff;
-    border-color: #444;
-  }
-}
 
 /* Active links */
 .elv-toc-list li.elv-toc-active > a {
 	background-color: #dff7ff;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  .elv-toc-list li.elv-toc-active > a {
-    background-color: #353535;
-  }
-}
 .elv-toc-list ul .elv-toc-active > a:after {
 	content: "";
 }
@@ -105,7 +94,7 @@
 	display: block;
 }
 
-/* Footer catgory navigation */
+/* Footer category navigation */
 .elv-cat-list-active {
 	font-weight: 600;
 }

docs/_includes/index.css

@@ -285,11 +285,6 @@ footer.elv-layout {
 .elv-hero {
 	background-color: #222;
 }
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-	.elv-hero {
-		background-color: #292929;
-	}
-}
 .elv-hero img,
 .elv-hero svg {
 	width: 42.95774646vh;
@@ -538,3 +533,18 @@ main .elv-toc + h1 .direct-link {
 .header-anchor:hover::after {
     content: " 🔗";
 }
+
+.mdi {
+    display: inline-block;
+    width: 1em;
+    height: 1em;
+    background-color: currentColor;
+    -webkit-mask: no-repeat center / 100%;
+    mask: no-repeat center / 100%;
+    -webkit-mask-image: var(--svg);
+    mask-image: var(--svg);
+}
+
+.mdi.mdi-content-copy {
+    --svg: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='24' height='24'%3E%3Cpath fill='black' d='M19 21H8V7h11m0-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h11a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2m-3-4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14h2V3h12V1Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+}

docs/_includes/layouts/base.njk

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 	<head>
 		<meta charset="utf-8">
 		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+		<link rel="icon" href="docs/static/borgmatic.png" type="image/x-icon">
 		<title>{{ subtitle + ' - ' if subtitle}}{{ title }}</title>
 {%- set css %}
 {% include 'index.css' %}
@@ -22,6 +23,6 @@
 	<body>
 
 		{{ content | safe }}
-
+		{% initClipboardJS %}
 	</body>
 </html>

docs/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+version: '3'
+services:
+  docs:
+    image: borgmatic-docs
+    container_name: docs
+    ports:
+      - 8080:80
+    build:
+      dockerfile: docs/Dockerfile
+      context: ..
+      args:
+        ENVIRONMENT: dev
+  message:
+    image: alpine
+    container_name: message
+    command:
+      - sh
+      - -c
+      - |
+        echo "You can view dev docs at http://localhost:8080"
+    depends_on:
+      - docs

docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups.md

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ variables you can use here:
 
  * `configuration_filename`: borgmatic configuration filename in which the
    hook was defined
+ * `log_file`
+   <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span>:
+   path of the borgmatic log file, only set when the `--log-file` flag is used
  * `repository`: path of the current repository as configured in the current
    borgmatic configuration file
 

docs/how-to/backup-to-a-removable-drive-or-an-intermittent-server.md

@@ -49,9 +49,12 @@ location:
         - /home
 
     repositories:
-        - /mnt/removable/backup.borg
+        - path: /mnt/removable/backup.borg
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.7.10</span> Omit
+the `path:` portion of the `repositories` list.
+
 Then, write a `before_backup` hook in that same configuration file that uses
 the external `findmnt` utility to see whether the drive is mounted before
 proceeding.
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@ borgmatic. borgmatic logs the soft failure, skips all further actions in that
 configurable file, and proceeds onward to any other borgmatic configuration
 files you may have.
 
+Note that `before_backup` only runs on the `create` action. See below about
+optionally using `before_actions` instead.
+
 You can imagine a similar check for the sometimes-online server case:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -76,13 +82,16 @@ location:
         - /home
 
     repositories:
-        - ssh://me@buddys-server.org/./backup.borg
+        - path: ssh://me@buddys-server.org/./backup.borg
 
 hooks:
     before_backup:
       - ping -q -c 1 buddys-server.org > /dev/null || exit 75
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.7.10</span> Omit
+the `path:` portion of the `repositories` list.
+
 Or to only run backups if the battery level is high enough:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -93,6 +102,12 @@ hooks:
 
 (Writing the battery script is left as an exercise to the reader.)
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.0</span> The
+`before_actions` and `after_actions` hooks run before/after all the actions
+(like `create`, `prune`, etc.) for each repository. So if you'd like your soft
+failure command hook to run regardless of action, consider using
+`before_actions` instead of `before_backup`.
+
 
 ## Caveats and details
 
@@ -101,8 +116,8 @@ There are some caveats you should be aware of with this feature.
  * You'll generally want to put a soft failure command in the `before_backup`
    hook, so as to gate whether the backup action occurs. While a soft failure is
    also supported in the `after_backup` hook, returning a soft failure there
-   won't prevent any actions from occuring, because they've already occurred!
-   Similiarly, you can return a soft failure from an `on_error` hook, but at
+   won't prevent any actions from occurring, because they've already occurred!
+   Similarly, you can return a soft failure from an `on_error` hook, but at
    that point it's too late to prevent the error.
  * Returning a soft failure does prevent further commands in the same hook from
    executing. So, like a standard error, it is an "early out". Unlike a standard

docs/how-to/backup-your-databases.md

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ consistent snapshot that is more suited for backups.
 
 Fortunately, borgmatic includes built-in support for creating database dumps
 prior to running backups. For example, here is everything you need to dump and
-backup a couple of local PostgreSQL databases, a MySQL/MariaDB database, and a
-MongoDB database:
+backup a couple of local PostgreSQL databases and a MySQL/MariaDB database.
 
 ```yaml
 hooks:
@@ -25,10 +24,27 @@ hooks:
         - name: orders
     mysql_databases:
         - name: posts
+```
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.5.22</span> You can
+also dump MongoDB databases. For example:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
     mongodb_databases:
         - name: messages
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.9</span>
+Additionally, you can dump SQLite databases. For example:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    sqlite_databases:
+        - name: mydb
+          path: /var/lib/sqlite3/mydb.sqlite
+```
+
 As part of each backup, borgmatic streams a database dump for each configured
 database directly to Borg, so it's included in the backup without consuming
 additional disk space. (The exceptions are the PostgreSQL/MongoDB "directory"
@@ -74,8 +90,19 @@ hooks:
           password: trustsome1
           authentication_database: mongousers
           options: "--ssl"
+    sqlite_databases:
+        - name: mydb
+          path: /var/lib/sqlite3/mydb.sqlite
 ```
 
+See your [borgmatic configuration
+file](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/) for
+additional customization of the options passed to database commands (when
+listing databases, restoring databases, etc.).
+
+
+### All databases
+
 If you want to dump all databases on a host, use `all` for the database name:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -91,9 +118,79 @@ hooks:
 Note that you may need to use a `username` of the `postgres` superuser for
 this to work with PostgreSQL.
 
-If you would like to backup databases only and not source directories, you can
-specify an empty `source_directories` value (as it is a mandatory field prior
-to borgmatic 1.7.1):
+The SQLite hook in particular does not consider "all" a special database name.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.6</span> With
+PostgreSQL and MySQL, you can optionally dump "all" databases to separate
+files instead of one combined dump file, allowing more convenient restores of
+individual databases. Enable this by specifying your desired database dump
+`format`:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: all
+          format: custom
+    mysql_databases:
+        - name: all
+          format: sql
+```
+
+### Containers
+
+If your database is running within a container and borgmatic is too, no
+problem—configure borgmatic to connect to the container's name on its exposed
+port. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: users
+          hostname: your-database-container-name
+          port: 5433
+          username: postgres
+          password: trustsome1
+```
+
+But what if borgmatic is running on the host? You can still connect to a
+database container if its ports are properly exposed to the host. For
+instance, when running the database container, you can specify `--publish
+127.0.0.1:5433:5432` so that it exposes the container's port 5432 to port 5433
+on the host (only reachable on localhost, in this case). Or the same thing
+with Docker Compose:
+
+```yaml
+services:
+   your-database-container-name:
+       image: postgres
+       ports:
+           - 127.0.0.1:5433:5432
+```
+
+And then you can connect to the database from borgmatic running on the host:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: users
+          hostname: 127.0.0.1
+          port: 5433
+          username: postgres
+          password: trustsome1
+```
+
+You can alter the ports in these examples to suit your particular database
+system.
+
+
+### No source directories
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.1</span> If you
+would like to backup databases only and not source directories, you can omit
+`source_directories` entirely.
+
+In older versions of borgmatic, instead specify an empty `source_directories`
+value, as it is a mandatory option prior to version 1.7.1:
 
 ```yaml
 location:
@@ -103,8 +200,6 @@ hooks:
         - name: all
 ```
 
-<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.1</span> You can
-omit `source_directories` entirely.
 
 ### External passwords
 
@@ -126,11 +221,11 @@ bring back any missing configuration files in order to restore a database.
 
 ## Supported databases
 
-As of now, borgmatic supports PostgreSQL, MySQL/MariaDB, and MongoDB databases
-directly. But see below about general-purpose preparation and cleanup hooks as
-a work-around with other database systems. Also, please [file a
-ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) for additional database systems
-that you'd like supported.
+As of now, borgmatic supports PostgreSQL, MySQL/MariaDB, MongoDB, and SQLite
+databases directly. But see below about general-purpose preparation and
+cleanup hooks as a work-around with other database systems. Also, please [file
+a ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) for additional database
+systems that you'd like supported.
 
 
 ## Database restoration
@@ -148,15 +243,15 @@ borgmatic rlist
 That should yield output looking something like:
 
 ```text
-host-2019-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2019-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
-host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2019-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
+host-2023-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2023-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
+host-2023-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2023-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
 ```
 
 Assuming that you want to restore all database dumps from the archive with the
 most up-to-date files and therefore the latest timestamp, run a command like:
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic restore --archive host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2023-01-02T04:06:07.080910
 ```
 
 (No borgmatic `restore` action? Upgrade borgmatic!)
@@ -182,10 +277,11 @@ If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
 problem: the `restore` action figures out which repository to use.
 
 But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
-the repository path containing the archive to restore. Here's an example:
+the repository to use via the `--repository` flag. This can be done either
+with the repository's path or its label as configured in your borgmatic configuration file.
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic restore --repository repo.borg --archive host-2019-...
+borgmatic restore --repository repo.borg --archive host-2023-...
 ```
 
 ### Restore particular databases
@@ -195,9 +291,50 @@ restore one of them, use the `--database` flag to select one or more
 databases. For instance:
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic restore --archive host-2019-... --database users
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2023-... --database users
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.6</span> You can
+also restore individual databases even if you dumped them as "all"—as long as
+you dumped them into separate files via use of the "format" option. See above
+for more information.
+
+
+### Restore all databases
+
+To restore all databases:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2023-... --database all
+```
+
+Or omit the `--database` flag entirely:
+
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2023-...
+```
+
+Prior to borgmatic version 1.7.6, this restores a combined "all" database
+dump from the archive.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.6</span> Restoring
+"all" databases restores each database found in the selected archive. That
+includes any combined dump file named "all" and any other individual database
+dumps found in the archive.
+
+
+### Restore particular schemas
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.13</span> With
+PostgreSQL and MongoDB, you can limit the restore to a single schema found
+within the database dump:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive latest --database users --schema tentant1
+```
+
+
 ### Limitations
 
 There are a few important limitations with borgmatic's current database
@@ -215,8 +352,13 @@ databases that share the exact same name on different hosts.
 setting to support dump and restore streaming, you'll need to ensure that any
 special files are excluded from backups (named pipes, block devices,
 character devices, and sockets) to prevent hanging. Try a command like
-`find /your/source/path -type c,b,p,s` to find such files. Common directories
-to exclude are `/dev` and `/run`, but that may not be exhaustive.
+`find /your/source/path -type b -or -type c -or -type p -or -type s` to find
+such files. Common directories to exclude are `/dev` and `/run`, but that may
+not be exhaustive. <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version
+1.7.3</span> When database hooks are enabled, borgmatic automatically excludes
+special files that may cause Borg to hang, so you no longer need to manually
+exclude them. (This includes symlinks with special files as a destination.) You
+can override/prevent this behavior by explicitly setting `read_special` to true.
 
 
 ### Manual restoration
@@ -232,7 +374,10 @@ user and you're extracting to `/tmp`, then the dump will be in
 `/tmp/root/.borgmatic`.
 
 After extraction, you can manually restore the dump file using native database
-commands like `pg_restore`, `mysql`, `mongorestore` or similar.
+commands like `pg_restore`, `mysql`, `mongorestore`, `sqlite`, or similar.
+
+Also see the documentation on [listing database
+dumps](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/#listing-database-dumps).
 
 
 ## Preparation and cleanup hooks
@@ -247,6 +392,23 @@ dumps with any database system.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
+### PostgreSQL/MySQL authentication errors
+
+With PostgreSQL and MySQL/MariaDB, if you're getting authentication errors
+when borgmatic tries to connect to your database, a natural reaction is to
+increase your borgmatic verbosity with `--verbosity 2` and go looking in the
+logs. You'll notice though that your database password does not show up in the
+logs. This is likely not the cause of the authentication problem unless you
+mistyped your password, however; borgmatic passes your password to the
+database via an environment variable that does not appear in the logs.
+
+The cause of an authentication error is often on the database side—in the
+configuration of which users are allowed to connect and how they are
+authenticated. For instance, with PostgreSQL, check your
+[pg_hba.conf](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html)
+file for that configuration.
+
+
 ### MySQL table lock errors
 
 If you encounter table lock errors during a database dump with MySQL/MariaDB,
@@ -272,3 +434,7 @@ Alternatively, if excluding special files is too onerous, you can create two
 separate borgmatic configuration files—one for your source files and a
 separate one for backing up databases. That way, the database `read_special`
 option will not be active when backing up special files.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.3</span> See
+Limitations above about borgmatic's automatic exclusion of special files to
+prevent Borg hangs.

docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups.md

@@ -9,44 +9,56 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 
 Borg itself is great for efficiently de-duplicating data across successive
 backup archives, even when dealing with very large repositories. But you may
-find that while borgmatic's default mode of `prune`, `compact`, `create`, and
-`check` works well on small repositories, it's not so great on larger ones.
-That's because running the default pruning, compact, and consistency checks
-take a long time on large repositories.
+find that while borgmatic's default actions of `create`, `prune`, `compact`,
+and `check` works well on small repositories, it's not so great on larger
+ones. That's because running the default pruning, compact, and consistency
+checks take a long time on large repositories.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.7.9</span> The
+default action ordering was `prune`, `compact`, `create`, and `check`.
 
 ### A la carte actions
 
-If you find yourself in this situation, you have some options. First, you can
-run borgmatic's `prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions separately.
-For instance, the following optional actions are available:
+If you find yourself wanting to customize the actions, you have some options.
+First, you can run borgmatic's `prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check`
+actions separately. For instance, the following optional actions are
+available (among others):
 
 ```bash
+borgmatic create
 borgmatic prune
 borgmatic compact
-borgmatic create
 borgmatic check
 ```
 
-You can run with only one of these actions provided, or you can mix and match
-any number of them in a single borgmatic run. This supports approaches like
-skipping certain actions while running others. For instance, this skips
-`prune` and `compact` and only runs `create` and `check`:
+You can run borgmatic with only one of these actions provided, or you can mix
+and match any number of them in a single borgmatic run. This supports
+approaches like skipping certain actions while running others. For instance,
+this skips `prune` and `compact` and only runs `create` and `check`:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic create check
 ```
 
-Or, you can make backups with `create` on a frequent schedule (e.g. with
-`borgmatic create` called from one cron job), while only running expensive
-consistency checks with `check` on a much less frequent basis (e.g. with
-`borgmatic check` called from a separate cron job).
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.9</span> borgmatic
+now respects your specified command-line action order, running actions in the
+order you specify. In previous versions, borgmatic ran your specified actions
+in a fixed ordering regardless of the order they appeared on the command-line.
+
+But instead of running actions together, another option is to run backups with
+`create` on a frequent schedule (e.g. with `borgmatic create` called from one
+cron job), while only running expensive consistency checks with `check` on a
+much less frequent basis (e.g. with `borgmatic check` called from a separate
+cron job).
 
 
 ### Consistency check configuration
 
-Another option is to customize your consistency checks. The default
-consistency checks run both full-repository checks and per-archive checks
-within each repository no more than once a month.
+Another option is to customize your consistency checks. By default, if you
+omit consistency checks from configuration, borgmatic runs full-repository
+checks (`repository`) and per-archive checks (`archives`) within each
+repository. (Although see below about check frequency.) This is equivalent to
+what `borg check` does if run without options.
 
 But if you find that archive checks are too slow, for example, you can
 configure borgmatic to run repository checks only. Configure this in the
@@ -58,19 +70,32 @@ consistency:
         - name: repository
 ```
 
-(Prior to borgmatic 1.6.2, `checks` was a plain list of strings without the `name:` part.)
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.6.2</span> The
+`checks` option was a plain list of strings without the `name:` part, and
+borgmatic ran each configured check every time checks were run. For example:
+
+```yaml
+consistency:
+    checks:
+        - repository
+```
+
 
 Here are the available checks from fastest to slowest:
 
  * `repository`: Checks the consistency of the repository itself.
  * `archives`: Checks all of the archives in the repository.
  * `extract`: Performs an extraction dry-run of the most recent archive.
- * `data`: Verifies the data integrity of all archives contents, decrypting and decompressing all data (implies `archives` as well).
+ * `data`: Verifies the data integrity of all archives contents, decrypting and decompressing all data.
+
+Note that the `data` check is a more thorough version of the `archives` check,
+so enabling the `data` check implicitly enables the `archives` check as well.
 
 See [Borg's check
 documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/check.html)
 for more information.
 
+
 ### Check frequency
 
 <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.2</span> You can
@@ -89,8 +114,13 @@ consistency:
 This tells borgmatic to run the `repository` consistency check at most once
 every two weeks for a given repository and the `archives` check at most once a
 month. The `frequency` value is a number followed by a unit of time, e.g. "3
-days", "1 week", "2 months", etc. The `frequency` defaults to `always`, which
-means run this check every time checks run.
+days", "1 week", "2 months", etc.
+
+The `frequency` defaults to `always` for a check configured without a
+`frequency`, which means run this check every time checks run. But if you omit
+consistency checks from configuration entirely, borgmatic runs full-repository
+checks (`repository`) and per-archive checks (`archives`) within each
+repository, at most once a month.
 
 Unlike a real scheduler like cron, borgmatic only makes a best effort to run
 checks on the configured frequency. It compares that frequency with how long
@@ -120,7 +150,16 @@ consistency:
         - name: disabled
 ```
 
-Or, if you have multiple repositories in your borgmatic configuration file,
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.6.2</span> `checks`
+was a plain list of strings without the `name:` part. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+consistency:
+    checks:
+        - disabled
+```
+
+If you have multiple repositories in your borgmatic configuration file,
 you can keep running consistency checks, but only against a subset of the
 repositories:
 

docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 ---
 ## Source code
 
-To get set up to hack on borgmatic, first clone master via HTTPS or SSH:
+To get set up to hack on borgmatic, first clone it via HTTPS or SSH:
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic.git
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ so that you can run borgmatic commands while you're hacking on them to
 make sure your changes work.
 
 ```bash
-cd borgmatic/
-pip3 install --editable --user .
+cd borgmatic
+pip3 install --user --editable .
 ```
 
 Note that this will typically install the borgmatic commands into
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ pip3 install --user tox
 Finally, to actually run tests, run:
 
 ```bash
-cd borgmatic
 tox
 ```
 
@@ -74,24 +73,58 @@ can ask isort to order your imports for you:
 tox -e isort
 ```
 
+Similarly, if you get errors about spelling mistakes in source code, you can
+ask [codespell](https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell) to correct
+them:
+
+```bash
+tox -e codespell
+```
+
+
 ### End-to-end tests
 
 borgmatic additionally includes some end-to-end tests that integration test
 with Borg and supported databases for a few representative scenarios. These
 tests don't run by default when running `tox`, because they're relatively slow
-and depend on Docker containers for runtime dependencies. These tests tests do
-run on the continuous integration (CI) server, and running them on your
-developer machine is the closest thing to CI test parity.
+and depend on containers for runtime dependencies. These tests do run on the
+continuous integration (CI) server, and running them on your developer machine
+is the closest thing to CI-test parity.
 
-If you would like to run the full test suite, first install Docker and [Docker
-Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/). Then run:
+If you would like to run the full test suite, first install Docker (or Podman;
+see below) and [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/).
+Then run:
 
 ```bash
-scripts/run-full-dev-tests
+scripts/run-end-to-end-dev-tests
 ```
 
-Note that this scripts assumes you have permission to run Docker. If you
-don't, then you may need to run with `sudo`.
+This script assumes you have permission to run `docker`. If you don't, then
+you may need to run with `sudo`.
+
+
+#### Podman
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span>
+borgmatic's end-to-end tests optionally support using
+[rootless](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/rootless_tutorial.md)
+[Podman](https://podman.io/) instead of Docker.
+
+Setting up Podman is outside the scope of this documentation, but here are
+some key points to double-check:
+
+ * Install Podman and your desired networking support.
+ * Configure `/etc/subuid` and `/etc/subgid` to map users/groups for the
+   non-root user who will run tests.
+ * Create a non-root Podman socket for that user:
+   ```bash
+   systemctl --user enable --now podman.socket
+   systemctl --user start --now podman.socket
+   ```
+
+Then you'll be able to run end-to-end tests as per normal, and the test script
+will automatically use your non-root Podman socket instead of a Docker socket.
+
 
 ## Code style
 
@@ -101,10 +134,10 @@ the following deviations from it:
  * For strings, prefer single quotes over double quotes.
  * Limit all lines to a maximum of 100 characters.
  * Use trailing commas within multiline values or argument lists.
- * For multiline constructs, put opening and closing delimeters on lines
+ * For multiline constructs, put opening and closing delimiters on lines
    separate from their contents.
  * Within multiline constructs, use standard four-space indentation. Don't align
-   indentation with an opening delimeter.
+   indentation with an opening delimiter.
 
 borgmatic code uses the [Black](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) code
 formatter, the [Flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/) code checker, and
@@ -129,11 +162,12 @@ To build and view a copy of the documentation with your local changes, run the
 following from the root of borgmatic's source code:
 
 ```bash
-sudo scripts/dev-docs
+scripts/dev-docs
 ```
 
-This requires Docker to be installed on your system. You may not need to use
-sudo if your non-root user has permissions to run Docker.
+This requires Docker (or Podman; see below) to be installed on your system.
+This script assumes you have permission to run `docker`. If you don't, then
+you may need to run with `sudo`.
 
 After you run the script, you can point your web browser at
 http://localhost:8080 to view the documentation with your changes.
@@ -141,3 +175,15 @@ http://localhost:8080 to view the documentation with your changes.
 To close the documentation server, ctrl-C the script. Note that it does not
 currently auto-reload, so you'll need to stop it and re-run it for any
 additional documentation changes to take effect.
+
+
+#### Podman
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span>
+borgmatic's developer build for documentation optionally supports using
+[rootless](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/rootless_tutorial.md)
+[Podman](https://podman.io/) instead of Docker.
+
+Setting up Podman is outside the scope of this documentation. But once you
+install and configure Podman, then `scripts/dev-docs` should automatically use
+Podman instead of Docker.

docs/how-to/extract-a-backup.md

@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ borgmatic rlist
 That should yield output looking something like:
 
 ```text
-host-2019-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2019-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
-host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2019-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
+host-2023-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2023-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
+host-2023-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2023-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
 ```
 
 Assuming that you want to extract the archive with the most up-to-date files
 and therefore the latest timestamp, run a command like:
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910
+borgmatic extract --archive host-2023-01-02T04:06:07.080910
 ```
 
 (No borgmatic `extract` action? Upgrade borgmatic!)
@@ -51,10 +51,11 @@ If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
 problem: the `extract` action figures out which repository to use.
 
 But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
-the repository path containing the archive to extract. Here's an example:
+the repository to use via the `--repository` flag. This can be done either
+with the repository's path or its label as configured in your borgmatic configuration file.
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic extract --repository repo.borg --archive host-2019-...
+borgmatic extract --repository repo.borg --archive host-2023-...
 ```
 
 ## Extract particular files
@@ -74,6 +75,13 @@ run the `extract` command above, borgmatic will extract `/var/path/1` and
 `/var/path/2`.
 
 
+### Searching for files
+
+If you're not sure which archive contains the files you're looking for, you
+can [search across
+archives](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/#searching-for-a-file).
+
+
 ## Extract to a particular destination
 
 By default, borgmatic extracts files into the current directory. To instead

docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md

@@ -84,13 +84,26 @@ be a [Borg
 pattern](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/help.html#borg-patterns).
 
 To limit the archives searched, use the standard `list` parameters for
-filtering archives such as `--last`, `--archive`, `--glob-archives`, etc. For
+filtering archives such as `--last`, `--archive`, `--match-archives`, etc. For
 example, to search only the last five archives:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic list --find foo.txt --last 5
 ```
 
+## Listing database dumps
+
+If you have enabled borgmatic's [database
+hooks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/), you
+can list backed up database dumps via borgmatic. For example:
+
+```bash 
+borgmatic list --archive latest --find .borgmatic/*_databases
+```
+
+This gives you a listing of all database dump files contained in the latest
+archive, complete with file sizes.
+
 
 ## Logging
 
@@ -98,7 +111,7 @@ By default, borgmatic logs to a local syslog-compatible daemon if one is
 present and borgmatic is running in a non-interactive console. Where those
 logs show up depends on your particular system. If you're using systemd, try
 running `journalctl -xe`. Otherwise, try viewing `/var/log/syslog` or
-similiar.
+similar.
 
 You can customize the log level used for syslog logging with the
 `--syslog-verbosity` flag, and this is independent from the console logging
@@ -141,5 +154,39 @@ borgmatic --log-file /path/to/file.log
 
 Note that if you use the `--log-file` flag, you are responsible for rotating
 the log file so it doesn't grow too large, for example with
-[logrotate](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Logrotate). Also, there is a
-`--log-file-verbosity` flag to customize the log file's log level.
+[logrotate](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Logrotate).
+
+You can the `--log-file-verbosity` flag to customize the log file's log level:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic --log-file /path/to/file.log --log-file-verbosity 2
+```
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.11</span> Use the
+`--log-file-format` flag to override the default log message format. This
+format string can contain a series of named placeholders wrapped in curly
+brackets. For instance, the default log format is: `[{asctime}] {levelname}:
+{message}`. This means each log message is recorded as the log time (in square
+brackets), a logging level name, a colon, and the actual log message.
+
+So if you only want each log message to get logged *without* a timestamp or a
+logging level name:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic --log-file /path/to/file.log --log-file-format "{message}"
+```
+
+Here is a list of available placeholders:
+
+ * `{asctime}`: time the log message was created
+ * `{levelname}`: level of the log message (`INFO`, `DEBUG`, etc.)
+ * `{lineno}`: line number in the source file where the log message originated
+ * `{message}`: actual log message
+ * `{pathname}`: path of the source file where the log message originated
+
+See the [Python logging
+documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes)
+for additional placeholders.
+
+Note that this `--log-file-format` flg only applies to the specified
+`--log-file` and not to syslog or other logging.

docs/how-to/make-backups-redundant.md

@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ location:
 
     # Paths of local or remote repositories to backup to.
     repositories:
-        - ssh://1234@usw-s001.rsync.net/./backups.borg
-        - ssh://k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com/./repo
-        - /var/lib/backups/local.borg
+        - path: ssh://k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com/./repo
+        - path: /var/lib/backups/local.borg
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.7.10</span> Omit
+the `path:` portion of the `repositories` list.
+
 When you run borgmatic with this configuration, it invokes Borg once for each
 configured repository in sequence. (So, not in parallel.) That means—in each
 repository—borgmatic creates a single new backup archive containing all of
@@ -32,9 +34,8 @@ your source directories.
 
 Here's a way of visualizing what borgmatic does with the above configuration:
 
-1. Backup `/home` and `/etc` to `1234@usw-s001.rsync.net:backups.borg`
-2. Backup `/home` and `/etc` to `k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com:repo`
-3. Backup `/home` and `/etc` to `/var/lib/backups/local.borg`
+1. Backup `/home` and `/etc` to `k8pDxu32@k8pDxu32.repo.borgbase.com:repo`
+2. Backup `/home` and `/etc` to `/var/lib/backups/local.borg`
 
 This gives you redundancy of your data across repositories and even
 potentially across providers.
@@ -42,3 +43,13 @@ potentially across providers.
 See [Borg repository URLs
 documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/general.html#repository-urls)
 for more information on how to specify local and remote repository paths.
+
+### Different options per repository
+
+What if you want borgmatic to backup to multiple repositories—while also
+setting different options for each one? In that case, you'll need to use
+[a separate borgmatic configuration file for each
+repository](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/)
+instead of the multiple repositories in one configuration file as described
+above. That's because all of the repositories in a particular configuration
+file get the same options applied.

docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups.md

@@ -54,6 +54,96 @@ choice](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#autopilot),
 each entry using borgmatic's `--config` flag instead of relying on
 `/etc/borgmatic.d`.
 
+
+## Archive naming
+
+If you've got multiple borgmatic configuration files, you might want to create
+archives with different naming schemes for each one. This is especially handy
+if each configuration file is backing up to the same Borg repository but you
+still want to be able to distinguish backup archives for one application from
+another.
+
+borgmatic supports this use case with an `archive_name_format` option. The
+idea is that you define a string format containing a number of [Borg
+placeholders](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/help.html#borg-placeholders),
+and borgmatic uses that format to name any new archive it creates. For
+instance:
+
+```yaml
+storage:
+    ...
+    archive_name_format: home-directories-{now}
+```
+
+This means that when borgmatic creates an archive, its name will start with
+the string `home-directories-` and end with a timestamp for its creation time.
+If `archive_name_format` is unspecified, the default is
+`{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}`, meaning your system hostname plus a
+timestamp in a particular format.
+
+
+### Archive filtering
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.11</span> borgmatic
+uses the `archive_name_format` option to automatically limit which archives
+get used for actions operating on multiple archives. This prevents, for
+instance, duplicate archives from showing up in `rlist` or `info` results—even
+if the same repository appears in multiple borgmatic configuration files. To
+take advantage of this feature, use a different `archive_name_format` in each
+configuration file.
+
+Under the hood, borgmatic accomplishes this by substituting globs for certain
+ephemeral data placeholders in your `archive_name_format`—and using the result
+to filter archives when running supported actions.
+
+For instance, let's say that you have this in your configuration:
+
+```yaml
+storage:
+    ...
+    archive_name_format: {hostname}-user-data-{now}
+```
+
+borgmatic considers `{now}` an emphemeral data placeholder that will probably
+change per archive, while `{hostname}` won't. So it turns the example value
+into `{hostname}-user-data-*` and applies it to filter down the set of
+archives used for actions like `rlist`, `info`, `prune`, `check`, etc.
+
+The end result is that when borgmatic runs the actions for a particular
+application-specific configuration file, it only operates on the archives
+created for that application. But this doesn't apply to actions like `compact`
+that operate on an entire repository.
+
+If this behavior isn't quite smart enough for your needs, you can use the
+`match_archives` option to override the pattern that borgmatic uses for
+filtering archives. For example:
+
+```yaml
+storage:
+    ...
+    archive_name_format: {hostname}-user-data-{now}
+    match_archives: sh:myhost-user-data-*        
+```
+
+For Borg 1.x, use a shell pattern for the `match_archives` value and see the
+[Borg patterns
+documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/help.html#borg-help-patterns)
+for more information. For Borg 2.x, see the [match archives
+documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/2.0.0b5/usage/help.html#borg-help-match-archives).
+
+Some borgmatic command-line actions also have a `--match-archives` flag that
+overrides both the auto-matching behavior and the `match_archives`
+configuration option.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to 1.7.11</span> The way to
+limit the archives used for the `prune` action was a `prefix` option in the
+`retention` section for matching against the start of archive names. And the
+option for limiting the archives used for the `check` action was a separate
+`prefix` in the `consistency` section. Both of these options are deprecated in
+favor of the auto-matching behavior (or `match_archives`/`--match-archives`)
+in newer versions of borgmatic.
+
+
 ## Configuration includes
 
 Once you have multiple different configuration files, you might want to share
@@ -106,11 +196,60 @@ But if you do want to merge in a YAML key *and* its values, keep reading!
 
 ## Include merging
 
-If you need to get even fancier and pull in common configuration options while
-potentially overriding individual options, you can perform a YAML merge of
-included configuration using the YAML `<<` key. For instance, here's an
-example of a main configuration file that pulls in two retention options via
-an include and then overrides one of them locally:
+If you need to get even fancier and merge in common configuration options, you
+can perform a YAML merge of included configuration using the YAML `<<` key.
+For instance, here's an example of a main configuration file that pulls in
+retention and consistency options via a single include:
+
+```yaml
+<<: !include /etc/borgmatic/common.yaml
+
+location:
+   ...
+```
+
+This is what `common.yaml` might look like:
+
+```yaml
+retention:
+    keep_hourly: 24
+    keep_daily: 7
+
+consistency:
+    checks:
+        - name: repository
+```
+
+Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration would have all
+of the `location` options from the original configuration file *and* the
+`retention` and `consistency` options from the include.
+
+Prior to borgmatic version 1.6.0, when there's a section collision between the
+local file and the merged include, the local file's section takes precedence.
+So if the `retention` section appears in both the local file and the include
+file, the included `retention` is ignored in favor of the local `retention`.
+But see below about deep merge in version 1.6.0+.
+
+Note that this `<<` include merging syntax is only for merging in mappings
+(configuration options and their values). But if you'd like to include a
+single value directly, please see the section above about standard includes.
+
+Additionally, there is a limitation preventing multiple `<<` include merges
+per section. So for instance, that means you can do one `<<` merge at the
+global level, another `<<` within each configuration section, etc. (This is a
+YAML limitation.)
+
+
+### Deep merge
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.0</span> borgmatic
+performs a deep merge of merged include files, meaning that values are merged
+at all levels in the two configuration files. This allows you to include
+common configuration—up to full borgmatic configuration files—while overriding
+only the parts you want to customize.
+
+For instance, here's an example of a main configuration file that pulls in two
+retention options via an include and then overrides one of them locally:
 
 ```yaml
 <<: !include /etc/borgmatic/common.yaml
@@ -136,24 +275,139 @@ Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration would have a
 When there's an option collision between the local file and the merged
 include, the local file's option takes precedence.
 
-Note that this `<<` include merging syntax is only for merging in mappings
-(configuration options and their values). But if you'd like to include a
-single value directly, please see the section above about standard includes.
 
-Additionally, there is a limitation preventing multiple `<<` include merges
-per section. So for instance, that means you can do one `<<` merge at the
-global level, another `<<` within each configuration section, etc. (This is a
-YAML limitation.)
+#### List merge
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.1</span> Colliding
+list values are appended together.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span> If there
+is a list value from an include that you *don't* want in your local
+configuration file, you can omit it with an `!omit` tag. For instance:
+
+```yaml
+<<: !include /etc/borgmatic/common.yaml
+
+location:
+   source_directories:
+     - !omit /home
+     - /var
+```
+
+And `common.yaml` like this:
+
+```yaml
+location:
+   source_directories:
+     - /home
+     - /etc
+```
+
+Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration will have a
+`source_directories` value of `/etc` and `/var`—with `/home` omitted.
+
+This feature currently only works on scalar (e.g. string or number) list items
+and will not work elsewhere in a configuration file. Be sure to put the
+`!omit` tag *before* the list item (after the dash). Putting `!omit` after the
+list item will not work, as it gets interpreted as part of the string. Here's
+an example of some things not to do:
+
+```yaml
+<<: !include /etc/borgmatic/common.yaml
+
+location:
+   source_directories:
+     # Do not do this! It will not work. "!omit" belongs before "/home".
+     - /home !omit
+
+   # Do not do this either! "!omit" only works on scalar list items.
+   repositories: !omit
+     # Also do not do this for the same reason! This is a list item, but it's
+     # not a scalar.
+     - !omit path: repo.borg
+```
+
+Additionally, the `!omit` tag only works in a configuration file that also
+performs a merge include with `<<: !include`. It doesn't make sense within,
+for instance, an included configuration file itself (unless it in turn
+performs its own merge include). That's because `!omit` only applies to the
+file doing the include; it doesn't work in reverse or propagate through
+includes.
 
 
-### Deep merge
+### Shallow merge
 
-<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.6.0</span> borgmatic
-performs a deep merge of merged include files, meaning that values are merged
-at all levels in the two configuration files. Colliding list values are
-appended together. This allows you to include common configuration—up to full
-borgmatic configuration files—while overriding only the parts you want to
-customize.
+Even though deep merging is generally pretty handy for included files,
+sometimes you want specific sections in the local file to take precedence over
+included sections—without any merging occurring for them.
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span> That's
+where the `!retain` tag comes in. Whenever you're merging an included file
+into your configuration file, you can optionally add the `!retain` tag to
+particular local mappings or lists to retain the local values and ignore
+included values.
+
+For instance, start with this configuration file containing the `!retain` tag
+on the `retention` mapping:
+
+```yaml
+<<: !include /etc/borgmatic/common.yaml
+
+location:
+   repositories:
+     - path: repo.borg
+
+retention: !retain
+    keep_daily: 5
+```
+
+And `common.yaml` like this:
+
+```yaml
+location:
+   repositories:
+     - path: common.borg
+
+retention:
+    keep_hourly: 24
+    keep_daily: 7
+```
+
+Once this include gets merged in, the resulting configuration will have a
+`keep_daily` value of `5` and nothing else in the `retention` section. That's
+because the `!retain` tag says to retain the local version of `retention` and
+ignore any values coming in from the include. But because the `repositories`
+list doesn't have a `!retain` tag, it still gets merged together to contain
+both `common.borg` and `repo.borg`.
+
+The `!retain` tag can only be placed on mappings and lists, and it goes right
+after the name of the option (and its colon) on the same line. The effects of
+`!retain` are recursive, meaning that if you place a `!retain` tag on a
+top-level mapping, even deeply nested values within it will not be merged.
+
+Additionally, the `!retain` tag only works in a configuration file that also
+performs a merge include with `<<: !include`. It doesn't make sense within,
+for instance, an included configuration file itself (unless it in turn
+performs its own merge include). That's because `!retain` only applies to the
+file doing the include; it doesn't work in reverse or propagate through
+includes.
+
+
+## Debugging includes
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.12</span> If you'd
+like to see what the loaded configuration looks like after includes get merged
+in, run `validate-borgmatic-config` on your configuration file:
+
+```bash
+sudo validate-borgmatic-config --show
+```
+
+You'll need to specify your configuration file with `--config` if it's not in
+a default location.
+
+This will output the merged configuration as borgmatic sees it, which can be
+helpful for understanding how your includes work in practice.
 
 
 ## Configuration overrides
@@ -222,3 +476,51 @@ Be sure to quote your overrides if they contain spaces or other characters
 that your shell may interpret.
 
 An alternate to command-line overrides is passing in your values via [environment variables](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/provide-your-passwords/).
+
+
+## Constant interpolation
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.7.10</span> Another
+tool is borgmatic's support for defining custom constants. This is similar to
+the [variable interpolation
+feature](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/#variable-interpolation)
+for command hooks, but the constants feature lets you substitute your own
+custom values into anywhere in the entire configuration file. (Constants don't
+work across includes or separate configuration files though.)
+
+Here's an example usage:
+
+```yaml
+constants:
+    user: foo
+    archive_prefix: bar
+
+location:
+    source_directories:
+        - /home/{user}/.config
+        - /home/{user}/.ssh
+    ...
+
+storage:
+    archive_name_format: '{archive_prefix}-{now}'
+```
+
+In this example, when borgmatic runs, all instances of `{user}` get replaced
+with `foo` and all instances of `{archive-prefix}` get replaced with `bar-`.
+(And in this particular example, `{now}` doesn't get replaced with anything,
+but gets passed directly to Borg.) After substitution, the logical result
+looks something like this:
+
+```yaml
+location:
+    source_directories:
+        - /home/foo/.config
+        - /home/foo/.ssh
+    ...
+
+storage:
+    archive_name_format: 'bar-{now}'
+```
+
+An alternate to constants is passing in your values via [environment
+variables](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/provide-your-passwords/).

docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups.md

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ from borgmatic for a configured interval.
 
 ### Consistency checks
 
-While not strictly part of monitoring, if you really want confidence that your
+While not strictly part of monitoring, if you want confidence that your
 backups are not only running but are restorable as well, you can configure
 particular [consistency
 checks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups/#consistency-check-configuration)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ tests](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/).
 
 ## Error hooks
 
-When an error occurs during a `prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` action,
+When an error occurs during a `create`, `prune`, `compact`, or `check` action,
 borgmatic can run configurable shell commands to fire off custom error
 notifications or take other actions, so you can get alerted as soon as
 something goes wrong. Here's a not-so-useful example:
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ the repository. Here's the full set of supported variables you can use here:
  * `output`: output of the command that failed (may be blank if an error
    occurred without running a command)
 
-Note that borgmatic runs the `on_error` hooks only for `prune`, `compact`,
-`create`, or `check` actions or hooks in which an error occurs, and not other
+Note that borgmatic runs the `on_error` hooks only for `create`, `prune`,
+`compact`, or `check` actions or hooks in which an error occurs, and not other
 actions. borgmatic does not run `on_error` hooks if an error occurs within a
 `before_everything` or `after_everything` hook. For more about hooks, see the
 [borgmatic hooks
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ With this hook in place, borgmatic pings your Healthchecks project when a
 backup begins, ends, or errors. Specifically, after the <a
 href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/">`before_backup`
 hooks</a> run, borgmatic lets Healthchecks know that it has started if any of
-the `prune`, `compact`, `create`, or `check` actions are run.
+the `create`, `prune`, `compact`, or `check` actions are run.
 
 Then, if the actions complete successfully, borgmatic notifies Healthchecks of
 the success after the `after_backup` hooks run, and includes borgmatic logs in
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ in the Healthchecks UI, although be aware that Healthchecks currently has a
 
 If an error occurs during any action or hook, borgmatic notifies Healthchecks
 after the `on_error` hooks run, also tacking on logs including the error
-itself. But the logs are only included for errors that occur when a `prune`,
-`compact`, `create`, or `check` action is run.
+itself. But the logs are only included for errors that occur when a `create`,
+`prune`, `compact`, or `check` action is run.
 
 You can customize the verbosity of the logs that are sent to Healthchecks with
 borgmatic's `--monitoring-verbosity` flag. The `--list` and `--stats` flags

docs/how-to/run-arbitrary-borg-commands.md

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ based on your borgmatic configuration files or command-line arguments:
 
 ### borg action
 
-The way you run Borg with borgmatic is via the `borg` action. Here's a simple
-example:
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 1.5.15</span> The way
+you run Borg with borgmatic is via the `borg` action. Here's a simple example:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic borg break-lock
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ This runs Borg's `rlist` command once on each configured borgmatic repository.
 (The native `borgmatic rlist` action should be preferred for most use.)
 
 What if you only want to run Borg on a single configured borgmatic repository
-when you've got several configured? Not a problem.
+when you've got several configured? Not a problem. The `--repository` argument
+lets you specify the repository to use, either by its path or its label:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic borg --repository repo.borg break-lock
@@ -87,6 +88,11 @@ borgmatic's `borg` action is not without limitations:
    borgmatic action. In this case, only the Borg command is run.
  * Unlike normal borgmatic actions that support JSON, the `borg` action will
    not disable certain borgmatic logs to avoid interfering with JSON output.
+ * Unlike other borgmatic actions, the `borg` action captures (and logs) all
+   output, so interactive prompts and flags like `--progress` will not work as
+   expected. <span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version
+   1.7.13</span> borgmatic now runs the `borg` action without capturing output,
+   so interactive prompts work.
 
 In general, this `borgmatic borg` feature should be considered an escape
 valve—a feature of second resort. In the long run, it's preferable to wrap

docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md

@@ -82,19 +82,22 @@ on a relatively dedicated system, then a global install can work out fine.
 Besides the approaches described above, there are several other options for
 installing borgmatic:
 
- * [Docker image with scheduled backups](https://hub.docker.com/r/b3vis/borgmatic/) (+ Docker Compose files)
- * [Docker image with multi-arch and Docker CLI support](https://hub.docker.com/r/modem7/borgmatic-docker/)
+ * [container image with scheduled backups](https://hub.docker.com/r/b3vis/borgmatic/) (+ Docker Compose files)
+ * [container image with multi-arch and Docker CLI support](https://hub.docker.com/r/modem7/borgmatic-docker/)
  * [Debian](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/borgmatic)
  * [Ubuntu](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/borgmatic)
  * [Fedora official](https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=borgmatic)
  * [Fedora unofficial](https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/heffer/borgmatic/)
+ * [Gentoo](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-backup/borgmatic)
  * [Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/borgmatic/)
  * [Alpine Linux](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=borgmatic)
- * [OpenBSD](http://ports.su/sysutils/borgmatic)
+ * [OpenBSD](https://openports.pl/path/sysutils/borgmatic)
  * [openSUSE](https://software.opensuse.org/package/borgmatic)
  * [macOS (via Homebrew)](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/borgmatic)
+ * [macOS (via MacPorts)](https://ports.macports.org/port/borgmatic/)
+ * [NixOS](https://search.nixos.org/packages?show=borgmatic&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=borgmatic)
  * [Ansible role](https://github.com/borgbase/ansible-role-borgbackup)
- * [virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/)
+ * [Unraid](https://unraid.net/community/apps?q=borgmatic#r)
 
 
 ## Hosting providers
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ variable or set the `BORG_PASSPHRASE` environment variable. See the
 section](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/quickstart.html#repository-encryption)
 of the Borg Quick Start for more info.
 
-Alternatively, you can specify the passphrase programatically by setting
+Alternatively, you can specify the passphrase programmatically by setting
 either the borgmatic `encryption_passcommand` configuration variable or the
 `BORG_PASSCOMMAND` environment variable. See the [Borg Security
 FAQ](http://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq.html#how-can-i-specify-the-encryption-passphrase-programmatically)
@@ -178,6 +181,9 @@ following command is available for that:
 sudo validate-borgmatic-config
 ```
 
+You'll need to specify your configuration file with `--config` if it's not in
+a default location.
+
 This command's exit status (`$?` in Bash) is zero when configuration is valid
 and non-zero otherwise.
 
@@ -257,9 +263,9 @@ See `borgmatic --help` and `borgmatic create --help` for more information.
 
 If you omit `create` and other actions, borgmatic runs through a set of
 default actions: `prune` any old backups as per the configured retention
-policy, `compact` segments to free up space (with Borg 1.2+), `create` a
-backup, *and* `check` backups for consistency problems due to things like file
-damage. For instance:
+policy, `compact` segments to free up space (with Borg 1.2+, borgmatic
+1.5.23+), `create` a backup, *and* `check` backups for consistency problems
+due to things like file damage. For instance:
 
 ```bash
 sudo borgmatic --verbosity 1 --list --stats
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ that, you can configure a separate job runner to invoke it periodically.
 ### cron
 
 If you're using cron, download the [sample cron
-file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/master/sample/cron/borgmatic).
+file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/main/sample/cron/borgmatic).
 Then, from the directory where you downloaded it:
 
 ```bash
@@ -298,9 +304,9 @@ you may already have borgmatic systemd service and timer files. If so, you may
 be able to skip some of the steps below.)
 
 First, download the [sample systemd service
-file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service)
+file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/main/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service)
 and the [sample systemd timer
-file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.timer).
+file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/main/sample/systemd/borgmatic.timer).
 
 Then, from the directory where you downloaded them:
 
@@ -329,10 +335,13 @@ Access](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues/293).
 
 ### Shell completion
 
-borgmatic includes a shell completion script (currently only for Bash) to
+borgmatic includes a shell completion script (currently only for Bash and Fish) to
 support tab-completing borgmatic command-line actions and flags. Depending on
-how you installed borgmatic, this may be enabled by default. But if it's not,
-start by installing the `bash-completion` Linux package or the
+how you installed borgmatic, this may be enabled by default.
+
+#### Bash
+
+If completions aren't enabled, start by installing the `bash-completion` Linux package or the
 [`bash-completion@2`](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/bash-completion@2)
 macOS Homebrew formula. Then, install the shell completion script globally:
 
@@ -357,6 +366,14 @@ borgmatic --bash-completion > ~/.local/share/bash-completion/completions/borgmat
 Finally, restart your shell (`exit` and open a new shell) so the completions
 take effect.
 
+#### fish
+
+To add completions for fish, install the completions file globally:
+
+```fish
+borgmatic --fish-completion | sudo tee /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/borgmatic.fish
+source /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/borgmatic.fish
+```
 
 ### Colored output
 

docs/how-to/upgrade.md

@@ -145,32 +145,49 @@ like this:
 ```yaml
 location:
     repositories:
-        - original.borg
+        - path: original.borg
 ```
 
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">Prior to version 1.7.10</span> Omit
+the `path:` portion of the `repositories` list.
+
 Change it to a new (not yet created) repository path:
 
 ```yaml
 location:
     repositories:
-        - upgraded.borg
+        - path: upgraded.borg
 ```
 
 Then, run the `rcreate` action (formerly `init`) to create that new Borg 2
 repository:
 
 ```bash
-borgmatic rcreate --verbosity 1 --encryption repokey-aes-ocb \
+borgmatic rcreate --verbosity 1 --encryption repokey-blake2-aes-ocb \
     --source-repository original.borg --repository upgraded.borg
 ```
 
-(Note that `repokey-chacha20-poly1305` may be faster than `repokey-aes-ocb` on
-certain platforms like ARM64.)
-
 This creates an empty repository and doesn't actually transfer any data yet.
 The `--source-repository` flag is necessary to reuse key material from your
 Borg 1 repository so that the subsequent data transfer can work.
 
+The `--encryption` value above selects the same chunk ID algorithm (`blake2`)
+commonly used in Borg 1, thereby making deduplication work across transferred
+archives and new archives.
+
+If you get an error about "You must keep the same ID hash" from Borg, that
+means the encryption value you specified doesn't correspond to your source
+repository's chunk ID algorithm. In that case, try not using `blake2`:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic rcreate --verbosity 1 --encryption repokey-aes-ocb \
+    --source-repository original.borg --repository upgraded.borg
+```
+
+Read about [Borg encryption
+modes](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/2.0.0b5/usage/rcreate.html#encryption-mode-tldr)
+for more details.
+
 To transfer data from your original Borg 1 repository to your newly created
 Borg 2 repository:
 
@@ -189,9 +206,9 @@ might take a while), and the final command with `--dry-run` again provides
 confirmation of success—or tells you if something hasn't been transferred yet.
 
 Note that by omitting the `--upgrader` flag, you can also do archive transfers
-between Borg 2 repositories without upgrading, even down to individual
+between related Borg 2 repositories without upgrading, even down to individual
 archives. For more on that functionality, see the [Borg transfer
-documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/2.0.0b1/usage/transfer.html).
+documentation](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/2.0.0b5/usage/transfer.html).
 
 That's it! Now you can use your new Borg 2 repository as normal with
 borgmatic. If you've got multiple repositories, repeat the above process for

docs/reference/command-line.md

@@ -7,15 +7,11 @@ eleventyNavigation:
 ---
 ## borgmatic options
 
-Here are all of the available borgmatic command-line options. This includes the separate options for
-each action sub-command:
+Here are all of the available borgmatic command-line options, including the
+separate options for each action sub-command. Note that most of the
+flags listed here do not have equivalents in borgmatic's [configuration
+file](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/).
 
 ```
 {% include borgmatic/command-line.txt %}
 ```
-
-
-## Related documentation
-
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
- * [borgmatic configuration reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/)

docs/reference/configuration.md

@@ -15,9 +15,3 @@ Here is a full sample borgmatic configuration file including all available optio
 
 Note that you can also [download this configuration
 file](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/config.yaml) for use locally.
-
-
-## Related documentation
-
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
- * [borgmatic command-line reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/command-line/)

sample/systemd/borgmatic.service

@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ LogRateLimitIntervalSec=0
 # Delay start to prevent backups running during boot. Note that systemd-inhibit requires dbus and
 # dbus-user-session to be installed.
 ExecStartPre=sleep 1m
-ExecStart=systemd-inhibit --who="borgmatic" --why="Prevent interrupting scheduled backup" /root/.local/bin/borgmatic --verbosity -1 --syslog-verbosity 1
+ExecStart=systemd-inhibit --who="borgmatic" --what="sleep:shutdown" --why="Prevent interrupting scheduled backup" /root/.local/bin/borgmatic --verbosity -1 --syslog-verbosity 1

scripts/dev-docs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 set -e
 
-docker build --tag borgmatic-docs --build-arg ENVIRONMENT=dev --file docs/Dockerfile .
-echo
-echo "You can view dev docs at http://localhost:8080"
-echo
-docker run --interactive --tty --publish 8080:80 --rm borgmatic-docs
+USER_PODMAN_SOCKET_PATH=/run/user/$UID/podman/podman.sock
+
+if [ -e "$USER_PODMAN_SOCKET_PATH" ]; then
+    export DOCKER_HOST="unix://$USER_PODMAN_SOCKET_PATH"
+fi
+
+docker-compose --file docs/docker-compose.yaml up --build --force-recreate

scripts/find-unsupported-borg-options

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ for sub_command in prune create check list info; do
             | grep -v '^--first' \
             | grep -v '^--format' \
             | grep -v '^--glob-archives' \
+            | grep -v '^--match-archives' \
             | grep -v '^--last' \
             | grep -v '^--format' \
             | grep -v '^--patterns-from' \