Add verbosity level -1 to NEWS.

.drone.yml

@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ steps:
     - scripts/run-tests
 ---
 kind: pipeline
+name: python-3-8-alpine-3-10
+
+steps:
+- name: build
+  image: python:3.8-alpine3.10
+  pull: always
+  commands:
+    - scripts/run-tests
+---
+kind: pipeline
 name: documentation
 
 steps:

.eleventy.js

@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ module.exports = function(eleventyConfig) {
         html: true,
         breaks: false,
         linkify: true,
-        // Replace links to .md files with links to directories. This allows unparsed Markdown links
-        // to work on GitHub, while rendered links elsewhere also work.
         replaceLink: function (link, env) {
-            return link.replace(/\.md$/, '/');
+            if (process.env.NODE_ENV == "production") {
+                return link;
+            }
+            return link.replace('https://torsion.org/borgmatic/', 'http://localhost:8080/');
         }
     };
     let markdownItAnchorOptions = {

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 .coverage
 .pytest_cache
 .tox
+__pycache__
 build/
 dist/
 pip-wheel-metadata/

NEWS

@@ -1,3 +1,54 @@
+1.4.6
+ * Verbosity level "-1" for even quieter output: Errors only (#236).
+
+1.4.5
+ * Log to file instead of syslog via command-line "--log-file" flag (#233).
+
+1.4.4
+ * #234: Support for Borg --keep-exclude-tags and --exclude-nodump options.
+
+1.4.3
+ * Monitor backups with Cronitor hook integration. See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronitor-hook
+
+1.4.2
+ * Extract files to a particular directory via "borgmatic extract --destination" flag.
+ * Rename "borgmatic extract --restore-path" flag to "--path" to reduce confusion with the separate
+   "borgmatic restore" action. Any uses of "--restore-path" will continue working.
+
+1.4.1
+ * #229: Restore backed up PostgreSQL databases via "borgmatic restore" action. See the
+   documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/
+ * Documentation on how to develop borgmatic's documentation:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/#documentation-development
+
+1.4.0
+ * #225: Database dump hooks for PostgreSQL, so you can easily dump your databases before backups
+   run.
+ * #230: Rename "borgmatic list --pattern-from" flag to "--patterns-from" to match Borg.
+
+1.3.26
+ * #224: Fix "borgmatic list --successful" with a slightly better heuristic for listing successful
+   (non-checkpoint) archives.
+
+1.3.25
+ * #223: Dead man's switch to detect when backups start failing silently, implemented via
+   healthchecks.io hook integration. See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#healthchecks-hook
+ * Documentation on monitoring and alerting options for borgmatic backups:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/
+ * Automatically rewrite links when developing on documentation locally.
+
+1.3.24
+ * #86: Add "borgmatic list --successful" flag to only list successful (non-checkpoint) archives.
+ * Add a suggestion form to all documentation pages, so users can submit ideas for improving the
+   documentation.
+ * Update documentation link to community Arch Linux borgmatic package.
+
+1.3.23
+ * #174: More detailed error alerting via runtime context available in "on_error" hook.
+
 1.3.22
  * #144: When backups to one of several repositories fails, keep backing up to the other
    repositories and report errors afterwards.

README.md

@@ -41,10 +41,18 @@ retention:
     keep_monthly: 6
 
 consistency:
-    # List of consistency checks to run: "repository", "archives", or both.
+    # List of consistency checks to run: "repository", "archives", etc.
     checks:
         - repository
         - archives
+
+hooks:
+    # Preparation scripts to run, databases to dump, and monitoring to perform.
+    before_backup:
+        - prepare-for-backup.sh
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: users
+    healthchecks: https://hc-ping.com/be067061-cf96-4412-8eae-62b0c50d6a8c
 ```
 
 borgmatic is hosted at <https://torsion.org/borgmatic> with [source code
@@ -63,7 +71,9 @@ href="https://asciinema.org/a/203761" target="_blank">screencast</a>.
  * [Make per-application backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/)
  * [Deal with very large backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups/)
  * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
- * [Restore a backup](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/restore-a-backup/)
+ * [Monitor your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)
+ * [Extract a backup](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/)
+ * [Backup your databases](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/)
  * [Add preparation and cleanup steps to backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/)
  * [Upgrade borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/upgrade/)
  * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/)
@@ -116,8 +126,3 @@ your thing. In general, contributions are very welcome. We don't bite!
 Also, please check out the [borgmatic development
 how-to](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/) for
 info on cloning source code, running tests, etc.
-
-<script>
-  var links = document.getElementsByClassName("referral");
-  links[Math.floor(Math.random() * links.length)].style.display = "none";
-</script>

borgmatic/borg/create.py

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ def _write_pattern_file(patterns=None):
 
 def _make_pattern_flags(location_config, pattern_filename=None):
     '''
-    Given a location config dict with a potential pattern_from option, and a filename containing any
-    additional patterns, return the corresponding Borg flags for those files as a tuple.
+    Given a location config dict with a potential patterns_from option, and a filename containing
+    any additional patterns, return the corresponding Borg flags for those files as a tuple.
     '''
     pattern_filenames = tuple(location_config.get('patterns_from') or ()) + (
         (pattern_filename,) if pattern_filename else ()
@@ -90,8 +90,32 @@ def _make_exclude_flags(location_config, exclude_filename=None):
     caches_flag = ('--exclude-caches',) if location_config.get('exclude_caches') else ()
     if_present = location_config.get('exclude_if_present')
     if_present_flags = ('--exclude-if-present', if_present) if if_present else ()
+    keep_exclude_tags_flags = (
+        ('--keep-exclude-tags',) if location_config.get('keep_exclude_tags') else ()
+    )
+    exclude_nodump_flags = ('--exclude-nodump',) if location_config.get('exclude_nodump') else ()
 
-    return exclude_from_flags + caches_flag + if_present_flags
+    return (
+        exclude_from_flags
+        + caches_flag
+        + if_present_flags
+        + keep_exclude_tags_flags
+        + exclude_nodump_flags
+    )
+
+
+BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY = '~/.borgmatic'
+
+
+def borgmatic_source_directories():
+    '''
+    Return a list of borgmatic-specific source directories used for state like database backups.
+    '''
+    return (
+        [BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY]
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.expanduser(BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY))
+        else []
+    )
 
 
 def create_archive(
@@ -109,7 +133,9 @@ def create_archive(
     Given vebosity/dry-run flags, a local or remote repository path, a location config dict, and a
     storage config dict, create a Borg archive and return Borg's JSON output (if any).
     '''
-    sources = _expand_directories(location_config['source_directories'])
+    sources = _expand_directories(
+        location_config['source_directories'] + borgmatic_source_directories()
+    )
 
     pattern_file = _write_pattern_file(location_config.get('patterns'))
     exclude_file = _write_pattern_file(

borgmatic/borg/extract.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import os
 
 from borgmatic.execute import execute_command, execute_command_without_capture
 
@@ -47,24 +48,26 @@ def extract_last_archive_dry_run(repository, lock_wait=None, local_path='borg',
         )
     )
 
-    execute_command(full_extract_command)
+    execute_command(full_extract_command, working_directory=None, error_on_warnings=True)
 
 
 def extract_archive(
     dry_run,
     repository,
     archive,
-    restore_paths,
+    paths,
     location_config,
     storage_config,
     local_path='borg',
     remote_path=None,
+    destination_path=None,
     progress=False,
 ):
     '''
     Given a dry-run flag, a local or remote repository path, an archive name, zero or more paths to
-    restore from the archive, and location/storage configuration dicts, extract the archive into the
-    current directory.
+    restore from the archive, location/storage configuration dicts, optional local and remote Borg
+    paths, and an optional destination path to extract to, extract the archive into the current
+    directory.
     '''
     umask = storage_config.get('umask', None)
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
@@ -79,14 +82,18 @@ def extract_archive(
         + (('--debug', '--list', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + (('--dry-run',) if dry_run else ())
         + (('--progress',) if progress else ())
-        + ('::'.join((repository, archive)),)
-        + (tuple(restore_paths) if restore_paths else ())
+        + ('::'.join((os.path.abspath(repository), archive)),)
+        + (tuple(paths) if paths else ())
     )
 
     # The progress output isn't compatible with captured and logged output, as progress messes with
     # the terminal directly.
     if progress:
-        execute_command_without_capture(full_command)
+        execute_command_without_capture(
+            full_command, working_directory=destination_path, error_on_warnings=True
+        )
         return
 
-    execute_command(full_command)
+    # Error on warnings, as Borg only gives a warning if the restore paths don't exist in the
+    # archive!
+    execute_command(full_command, working_directory=destination_path, error_on_warnings=True)

borgmatic/borg/list.py

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# A hack to convince Borg to exclude archives ending in ".checkpoint". This assumes that a
+# non-checkpoint archive name ends in a digit (e.g. from a timestamp).
+BORG_EXCLUDE_CHECKPOINTS_GLOB = '*[0123456789]'
+
+
 def list_archives(repository, storage_config, list_arguments, local_path='borg', remote_path=None):
     '''
     Given a local or remote repository path, a storage config dict, and the arguments to the list
@@ -13,6 +18,8 @@ def list_archives(repository, storage_config, list_arguments, local_path='borg',
     if an archive name is given, listing the files in that archive.
     '''
     lock_wait = storage_config.get('lock_wait', None)
+    if list_arguments.successful:
+        list_arguments.glob_archives = BORG_EXCLUDE_CHECKPOINTS_GLOB
 
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'list')
@@ -28,7 +35,9 @@ def list_archives(repository, storage_config, list_arguments, local_path='borg',
         )
         + make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
-        + make_flags_from_arguments(list_arguments, excludes=('repository', 'archive'))
+        + make_flags_from_arguments(
+            list_arguments, excludes=('repository', 'archive', 'successful')
+        )
         + (
             '::'.join((repository, list_arguments.archive))
             if list_arguments.archive

borgmatic/commands/arguments.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ SUBPARSER_ALIASES = {
     'create': ['--create', '-C'],
     'check': ['--check', '-k'],
     'extract': ['--extract', '-x'],
+    'restore': ['--restore', '-r'],
     'list': ['--list', '-l'],
     'info': ['--info', '-i'],
 }
@@ -137,16 +138,29 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
         '-v',
         '--verbosity',
         type=int,
-        choices=range(0, 3),
+        choices=range(-1, 3),
         default=0,
-        help='Display verbose progress to the console (from none to lots: 0, 1, or 2)',
+        help='Display verbose progress to the console (from none to lots: 0, 1, or 2) or only errors (-1)',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--syslog-verbosity',
         type=int,
-        choices=range(0, 3),
+        choices=range(-1, 3),
         default=0,
-        help='Display verbose progress to syslog (from none to lots: 0, 1, or 2). Ignored when console is interactive',
+        help='Log verbose progress to syslog (from none to lots: 0, 1, or 2) or only errors (-1). Ignored when console is interactive or --log-file is given',
+    )
+    global_group.add_argument(
+        '--log-file-verbosity',
+        type=int,
+        choices=range(-1, 3),
+        default=0,
+        help='Log verbose progress to log file (from none to lots: 0, 1, or 2) or only errors (-1). Only used when --log-file is given',
+    )
+    global_group.add_argument(
+        '--log-file',
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        help='Write log messages to this file instead of syslog',
     )
     global_group.add_argument(
         '--version',
@@ -263,7 +277,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
     extract_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         'extract',
         aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['extract'],
-        help='Extract a named archive to the current directory',
+        help='Extract files from a named archive to the current directory',
         description='Extract a named archive to the current directory',
         add_help=False,
     )
@@ -272,12 +286,20 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
         '--repository',
         help='Path of repository to extract, defaults to the configured repository if there is only one',
     )
-    extract_group.add_argument('--archive', help='Name of archive to operate on', required=True)
+    extract_group.add_argument('--archive', help='Name of archive to extract', required=True)
     extract_group.add_argument(
+        '--path',
         '--restore-path',
+        metavar='PATH',
         nargs='+',
-        dest='restore_paths',
-        help='Paths to restore from archive, defaults to the entire archive',
+        dest='paths',
+        help='Paths to extract from archive, defaults to the entire archive',
+    )
+    extract_group.add_argument(
+        '--destination',
+        metavar='PATH',
+        dest='destination',
+        help='Directory to extract files into, defaults to the current directory',
     )
     extract_group.add_argument(
         '--progress',
@@ -290,6 +312,37 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
         '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
     )
 
+    restore_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
+        'restore',
+        aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['restore'],
+        help='Restore database dumps from a named archive',
+        description='Restore database dumps from a named archive. (To extract files instead, use "borgmatic extract".)',
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+    restore_group = restore_parser.add_argument_group('restore arguments')
+    restore_group.add_argument(
+        '--repository',
+        help='Path of repository to restore from, defaults to the configured repository if there is only one',
+    )
+    restore_group.add_argument('--archive', help='Name of archive to restore from', required=True)
+    restore_group.add_argument(
+        '--database',
+        metavar='NAME',
+        nargs='+',
+        dest='databases',
+        help='Names of databases to restore from archive, defaults to all databases. Note that any databases to restore must be defined in borgmatic\'s configuration',
+    )
+    restore_group.add_argument(
+        '--progress',
+        dest='progress',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Display progress for each database dump file as it is extracted from archive',
+    )
+    restore_group.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit'
+    )
+
     list_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         'list',
         aliases=SUBPARSER_ALIASES['list'],
@@ -316,6 +369,12 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
     list_group.add_argument(
         '-a', '--glob-archives', metavar='GLOB', help='Only list archive names matching this glob'
     )
+    list_group.add_argument(
+        '--successful',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Only list archive names of successful (non-checkpoint) backups',
+    )
     list_group.add_argument(
         '--sort-by', metavar='KEYS', help='Comma-separated list of sorting keys'
     )
@@ -323,7 +382,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
         '--first', metavar='N', help='List first N archives after other filters are applied'
     )
     list_group.add_argument(
-        '--last', metavar='N', help='List first N archives after other filters are applied'
+        '--last', metavar='N', help='List last N archives after other filters are applied'
     )
     list_group.add_argument(
         '-e', '--exclude', metavar='PATTERN', help='Exclude paths matching the pattern'
@@ -333,7 +392,7 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
     )
     list_group.add_argument('--pattern', help='Include or exclude paths matching a pattern')
     list_group.add_argument(
-        '--pattern-from',
+        '--patterns-from',
         metavar='FILENAME',
         help='Include or exclude paths matching patterns from pattern file, one per line',
     )
@@ -388,6 +447,9 @@ def parse_arguments(*unparsed_arguments):
     if 'init' in arguments and arguments['global'].dry_run:
         raise ValueError('The init action cannot be used with the --dry-run option')
 
+    if 'list' in arguments and arguments['list'].glob_archives and arguments['list'].successful:
+        raise ValueError('The --glob-archives and --successful options cannot be used together')
+
     if (
         'list' in arguments
         and 'info' in arguments

borgmatic/commands/borgmatic.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 import colorama
 import pkg_resources
 
-from borgmatic import hook
 from borgmatic.borg import check as borg_check
 from borgmatic.borg import create as borg_create
 from borgmatic.borg import environment as borg_environment
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ from borgmatic.borg import list as borg_list
 from borgmatic.borg import prune as borg_prune
 from borgmatic.commands.arguments import parse_arguments
 from borgmatic.config import checks, collect, convert, validate
+from borgmatic.hooks import command, cronitor, healthchecks, postgresql
 from borgmatic.logger import configure_logging, should_do_markup
 from borgmatic.signals import configure_signals
 from borgmatic.verbosity import verbosity_to_log_level
@@ -48,19 +48,29 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
     local_path = location.get('local_path', 'borg')
     remote_path = location.get('remote_path')
     borg_environment.initialize(storage)
-    encountered_error = False
+    encountered_error = None
+    error_repository = ''
 
     if 'create' in arguments:
         try:
-            hook.execute_hook(
+            healthchecks.ping_healthchecks(
+                hooks.get('healthchecks'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run, 'start'
+            )
+            cronitor.ping_cronitor(
+                hooks.get('cronitor'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run, 'run'
+            )
+            command.execute_hook(
                 hooks.get('before_backup'),
                 hooks.get('umask'),
                 config_filename,
                 'pre-backup',
                 global_arguments.dry_run,
             )
+            postgresql.dump_databases(
+                hooks.get('postgresql_databases'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run
+            )
         except (OSError, CalledProcessError) as error:
-            encountered_error = True
+            encountered_error = error
             yield from make_error_log_records(
                 '{}: Error running pre-backup hook'.format(config_filename), error
             )
@@ -74,39 +84,59 @@ def run_configuration(config_filename, config, arguments):
                     storage=storage,
                     retention=retention,
                     consistency=consistency,
+                    hooks=hooks,
                     local_path=local_path,
                     remote_path=remote_path,
                     repository_path=repository_path,
                 )
-            except (OSError, CalledProcessError) as error:
-                encountered_error = True
+            except (OSError, CalledProcessError, ValueError) as error:
+                encountered_error = error
+                error_repository = repository_path
                 yield from make_error_log_records(
                     '{}: Error running actions for repository'.format(repository_path), error
                 )
 
     if 'create' in arguments and not encountered_error:
         try:
-            hook.execute_hook(
+            postgresql.remove_database_dumps(
+                hooks.get('postgresql_databases'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run
+            )
+            command.execute_hook(
                 hooks.get('after_backup'),
                 hooks.get('umask'),
                 config_filename,
                 'post-backup',
                 global_arguments.dry_run,
             )
+            healthchecks.ping_healthchecks(
+                hooks.get('healthchecks'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run
+            )
+            cronitor.ping_cronitor(
+                hooks.get('cronitor'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run, 'complete'
+            )
         except (OSError, CalledProcessError) as error:
-            encountered_error = True
+            encountered_error = error
             yield from make_error_log_records(
                 '{}: Error running post-backup hook'.format(config_filename), error
             )
 
     if encountered_error:
         try:
-            hook.execute_hook(
+            command.execute_hook(
                 hooks.get('on_error'),
                 hooks.get('umask'),
                 config_filename,
                 'on-error',
                 global_arguments.dry_run,
+                repository=error_repository,
+                error=encountered_error,
+                output=getattr(encountered_error, 'output', ''),
+            )
+            healthchecks.ping_healthchecks(
+                hooks.get('healthchecks'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run, 'fail'
+            )
+            cronitor.ping_cronitor(
+                hooks.get('cronitor'), config_filename, global_arguments.dry_run, 'fail'
             )
         except (OSError, CalledProcessError) as error:
             yield from make_error_log_records(
@@ -121,6 +151,7 @@ def run_actions(
     storage,
     retention,
     consistency,
+    hooks,
     local_path,
     remote_path,
     repository_path
@@ -131,6 +162,9 @@ def run_actions(
     from the command-line arguments on the given repository.
 
     Yield JSON output strings from executing any actions that produce JSON.
+
+    Raise OSError or subprocess.CalledProcessError if an error occurs running a command for an
+    action. Raise ValueError if the arguments or configuration passed to action are invalid.
     '''
     repository = os.path.expanduser(repository_path)
     global_arguments = arguments['global']
@@ -190,13 +224,52 @@ def run_actions(
                 global_arguments.dry_run,
                 repository,
                 arguments['extract'].archive,
-                arguments['extract'].restore_paths,
+                arguments['extract'].paths,
                 location,
                 storage,
                 local_path=local_path,
                 remote_path=remote_path,
+                destination_path=arguments['extract'].destination,
                 progress=arguments['extract'].progress,
             )
+    if 'restore' in arguments:
+        if arguments['restore'].repository is None or repository == arguments['restore'].repository:
+            logger.info(
+                '{}: Restoring databases from archive {}'.format(
+                    repository, arguments['restore'].archive
+                )
+            )
+
+            restore_names = arguments['restore'].databases or []
+            if 'all' in restore_names:
+                restore_names = []
+
+            # Extract dumps for the named databases from the archive.
+            dump_patterns = postgresql.make_database_dump_patterns(restore_names)
+            borg_extract.extract_archive(
+                global_arguments.dry_run,
+                repository,
+                arguments['restore'].archive,
+                postgresql.convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns(dump_patterns),
+                location,
+                storage,
+                local_path=local_path,
+                remote_path=remote_path,
+                destination_path='/',
+                progress=arguments['restore'].progress,
+            )
+
+            # Map the restore names to the corresponding database configurations.
+            databases = list(
+                postgresql.get_database_configurations(
+                    hooks.get('postgresql_databases'),
+                    restore_names or postgresql.get_database_names_from_dumps(dump_patterns),
+                )
+            )
+
+            # Finally, restore the databases and cleanup the dumps.
+            postgresql.restore_database_dumps(databases, repository, global_arguments.dry_run)
+            postgresql.remove_database_dumps(databases, repository, global_arguments.dry_run)
     if 'list' in arguments:
         if arguments['list'].repository is None or repository == arguments['list'].repository:
             logger.info('{}: Listing archives'.format(repository))
@@ -275,9 +348,10 @@ def make_error_log_records(message, error=None):
         yield logging.makeLogRecord(
             dict(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, levelname='CRITICAL', msg=message)
         )
-        yield logging.makeLogRecord(
-            dict(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, levelname='CRITICAL', msg=error.output)
-        )
+        if error.output:
+            yield logging.makeLogRecord(
+                dict(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, levelname='CRITICAL', msg=error.output)
+            )
         yield logging.makeLogRecord(dict(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, levelname='CRITICAL', msg=error))
     except (ValueError, OSError) as error:
         yield logging.makeLogRecord(
@@ -325,7 +399,7 @@ def collect_configuration_run_summary_logs(configs, arguments):
         try:
             for config_filename, config in configs.items():
                 hooks = config.get('hooks', {})
-                hook.execute_hook(
+                command.execute_hook(
                     hooks.get('before_everything'),
                     hooks.get('umask'),
                     config_filename,
@@ -365,7 +439,7 @@ def collect_configuration_run_summary_logs(configs, arguments):
         try:
             for config_filename, config in configs.items():
                 hooks = config.get('hooks', {})
-                hook.execute_hook(
+                command.execute_hook(
                     hooks.get('after_everything'),
                     hooks.get('umask'),
                     config_filename,
@@ -410,10 +484,17 @@ def main():  # pragma: no cover
     configs, parse_logs = load_configurations(config_filenames)
 
     colorama.init(autoreset=True, strip=not should_do_markup(global_arguments.no_color, configs))
-    configure_logging(
-        verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.verbosity),
-        verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.syslog_verbosity),
-    )
+    try:
+        configure_logging(
+            verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.verbosity),
+            verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.syslog_verbosity),
+            verbosity_to_log_level(global_arguments.log_file_verbosity),
+            global_arguments.log_file,
+        )
+    except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError) as error:
+        configure_logging(logging.CRITICAL)
+        logger.critical('Error configuring logging: {}'.format(error))
+        exit_with_help_link()
 
     logger.debug('Ensuring legacy configuration is upgraded')
     convert.guard_configuration_upgraded(LEGACY_CONFIG_PATH, config_filenames)

borgmatic/config/convert.py

@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ def convert_legacy_parsed_config(source_config, source_excludes, schema):
         destination_config['consistency']['checks'] = source_config.consistency['checks'].split(' ')
 
     # Add comments to each section, and then add comments to the fields in each section.
-    generate.add_comments_to_configuration(destination_config, schema)
+    generate.add_comments_to_configuration_map(destination_config, schema)
 
     for section_name, section_config in destination_config.items():
-        generate.add_comments_to_configuration(
+        generate.add_comments_to_configuration_map(
             section_config, schema['map'][section_name], indent=generate.INDENT
         )
 

borgmatic/config/generate.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import io
 import os
+import re
 
 from ruamel import yaml
 
 INDENT = 4
+SEQUENCE_INDENT = 2
 
 
 def _insert_newline_before_comment(config, field_name):
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ def _insert_newline_before_comment(config, field_name):
     )
 
 
-def _schema_to_sample_configuration(schema, level=0):
+def _schema_to_sample_configuration(schema, level=0, parent_is_sequence=False):
     '''
     Given a loaded configuration schema, generate and return sample config for it. Include comments
     for each section based on the schema "desc" description.
@@ -24,14 +27,29 @@ def _schema_to_sample_configuration(schema, level=0):
     if example is not None:
         return example
 
-    config = yaml.comments.CommentedMap(
-        [
-            (section_name, _schema_to_sample_configuration(section_schema, level + 1))
-            for section_name, section_schema in schema['map'].items()
-        ]
-    )
-
-    add_comments_to_configuration(config, schema, indent=(level * INDENT))
+    if 'seq' in schema:
+        config = yaml.comments.CommentedSeq(
+            [
+                _schema_to_sample_configuration(item_schema, level, parent_is_sequence=True)
+                for item_schema in schema['seq']
+            ]
+        )
+        add_comments_to_configuration_sequence(
+            config, schema, indent=(level * INDENT) + SEQUENCE_INDENT
+        )
+    elif 'map' in schema:
+        config = yaml.comments.CommentedMap(
+            [
+                (section_name, _schema_to_sample_configuration(section_schema, level + 1))
+                for section_name, section_schema in schema['map'].items()
+            ]
+        )
+        indent = (level * INDENT) + (SEQUENCE_INDENT if parent_is_sequence else 0)
+        add_comments_to_configuration_map(
+            config, schema, indent=indent, skip_first=parent_is_sequence
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Schema at level {} is unsupported: {}'.format(level, schema))
 
     return config
 
@@ -42,13 +60,12 @@ def _comment_out_line(line):
     if not stripped_line or stripped_line.startswith('#'):
         return line
 
-    # Comment out the names of optional sections.
-    one_indent = ' ' * INDENT
-    if not line.startswith(one_indent):
-        return '# ' + line
+    # Comment out the names of optional sections, inserting the '#' after any indent for aesthetics.
+    matches = re.match(r'(\s*)', line)
+    indent_spaces = matches.group(0) if matches else ''
+    count_indent_spaces = len(indent_spaces)
 
-    # Otherwise, comment out the line, but insert the "#" after the first indent for aesthetics.
-    return '# '.join((one_indent, line[INDENT:]))
+    return '# '.join((indent_spaces, line[count_indent_spaces:]))
 
 
 REQUIRED_KEYS = {'source_directories', 'repositories', 'keep_daily'}
@@ -90,7 +107,12 @@ def _render_configuration(config):
     '''
     Given a config data structure of nested OrderedDicts, render the config as YAML and return it.
     '''
-    return yaml.round_trip_dump(config, indent=INDENT, block_seq_indent=INDENT)
+    dumper = yaml.YAML()
+    dumper.indent(mapping=INDENT, sequence=INDENT + SEQUENCE_INDENT, offset=INDENT)
+    rendered = io.StringIO()
+    dumper.dump(config, rendered)
+
+    return rendered.getvalue()
 
 
 def write_configuration(config_filename, rendered_config, mode=0o600):
@@ -112,13 +134,49 @@ def write_configuration(config_filename, rendered_config, mode=0o600):
     os.chmod(config_filename, mode)
 
 
-def add_comments_to_configuration(config, schema, indent=0):
+def add_comments_to_configuration_sequence(config, schema, indent=0):
+    '''
+    If the given config sequence's items are maps, then mine the schema for the description of the
+    map's first item, and slap that atop the sequence. Indent the comment the given number of
+    characters.
+
+    Doing this for sequences of maps results in nice comments that look like:
+
+    ```
+    things:
+          # First key description. Added by this function.
+        - key: foo
+          # Second key description. Added by add_comments_to_configuration_map().
+          other: bar
+    ```
+    '''
+    if 'map' not in schema['seq'][0]:
+        return
+
+    for field_name in config[0].keys():
+        field_schema = schema['seq'][0]['map'].get(field_name, {})
+        description = field_schema.get('desc')
+
+        # No description to use? Skip it.
+        if not field_schema or not description:
+            return
+
+        config[0].yaml_set_start_comment(description, indent=indent)
+
+        # We only want the first key's description here, as the rest of the keys get commented by
+        # add_comments_to_configuration_map().
+        return
+
+
+def add_comments_to_configuration_map(config, schema, indent=0, skip_first=False):
     '''
     Using descriptions from a schema as a source, add those descriptions as comments to the given
-    config before each field. This function only adds comments for the top-most config map level.
-    Indent the comment the given number of characters.
+    config mapping, before each field. Indent the comment the given number of characters.
     '''
     for index, field_name in enumerate(config.keys()):
+        if skip_first and index == 0:
+            continue
+
         field_schema = schema['map'].get(field_name, {})
         description = field_schema.get('desc')
 
@@ -127,6 +185,7 @@ def add_comments_to_configuration(config, schema, indent=0):
             continue
 
         config.yaml_set_comment_before_after_key(key=field_name, before=description, indent=indent)
+
         if index > 0:
             _insert_newline_before_comment(config, field_name)
 

borgmatic/config/schema.yaml

@@ -126,6 +126,17 @@ map:
                     Exclude directories that contain a file with the given filename. Defaults to not
                     set.
                 example: .nobackup
+            keep_exclude_tags:
+                type: bool
+                desc: |
+                    If true, the exclude_if_present filename is included in backups. Defaults to
+                    false, meaning that the exclude_if_present filename is omitted from backups.
+                example: true
+            exclude_nodump:
+                type: bool
+                desc: |
+                    Exclude files with the NODUMP flag. Defaults to false.
+                example: true
     storage:
         desc: |
             Repository storage options. See
@@ -337,8 +348,8 @@ map:
                 example: false
     hooks:
         desc: |
-            Shell commands or scripts to execute at various points during a borgmatic run.
-            IMPORTANT: All provided commands and scripts are executed with user permissions of
+            Shell commands, scripts, or integrations to execute at various points during a borgmatic
+            run. IMPORTANT: All provided commands and scripts are executed with user permissions of
             borgmatic. Do not forget to set secure permissions on this configuration file (chmod
             0600) as well as on any script called from a hook (chmod 0700) to prevent potential
             shell injection or privilege escalation.
@@ -363,10 +374,80 @@ map:
                 seq:
                     - type: str
                 desc: |
-                    List of one or more shell commands or scripts to execute when an exception occurs
-                    during a backup or when running a before_backup or after_backup hook.
+                    List of one or more shell commands or scripts to execute when an exception
+                    occurs during a backup or when running a before_backup or after_backup hook.
                 example:
                     - echo "Error while creating a backup or running a backup hook."
+            postgresql_databases:
+                seq:
+                    - map:
+                        name:
+                            required: true
+                            type: str
+                            desc: |
+                                Database name (required if using this hook). Or "all" to dump all
+                                databases on the host.
+                            example: users
+                        hostname:
+                            type: str
+                            desc: |
+                                Database hostname to connect to. Defaults to connecting via local
+                                Unix socket.
+                            example: database.example.org
+                        port:
+                            type: int
+                            desc: Port to connect to. Defaults to 5432.
+                            example: 5433
+                        username:
+                            type: str
+                            desc: |
+                                Username with which to connect to the database. Defaults to the
+                                username of the current user. You probably want to specify the
+                                "postgres" superuser here when the database name is "all".
+                            example: dbuser
+                        password:
+                            type: str
+                            desc: |
+                                Password with which to connect to the database. Omitting a password
+                                will only work if PostgreSQL is configured to trust the configured
+                                username without a password, or you create a ~/.pgpass file.
+                            example: trustsome1
+                        format:
+                            type: str
+                            enum: ['plain', 'custom', 'directory', 'tar']
+                            desc: |
+                                Database dump output format. One of "plain", "custom", "directory",
+                                or "tar". Defaults to "custom" (unlike raw pg_dump). See
+                                https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html for details.
+                                Note that format is ignored when the database name is "all".
+                            example: directory
+                        options:
+                            type: str
+                            desc: |
+                                Additional pg_dump/pg_dumpall options to pass directly to the dump
+                                command, without performing any validation on them. See
+                                https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html for details.
+                            example: --role=someone
+                desc: |
+                    List of one or more PostgreSQL databases to dump before creating a backup,
+                    run once per configuration file. The database dumps are added to your source
+                    directories at runtime, backed up, and then removed afterwards. Requires
+                    pg_dump/pg_dumpall/pg_restore commands. See
+                    https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html for details.
+            healthchecks:
+                type: str
+                desc: |
+                    Healthchecks ping URL or UUID to notify when a backup begins, ends, or errors.
+                    Create an account at https://healthchecks.io if you'd like to use this service.
+                example:
+                    https://hc-ping.com/your-uuid-here
+            cronitor:
+                type: str
+                desc: |
+                    Cronitor ping URL to notify when a backup begins, ends, or errors. Create an
+                    account at https://cronitor.io if you'd like to use this service.
+                example:
+                    https://cronitor.link/d3x0c1
             before_everything:
                 seq:
                     - type: str

borgmatic/config/validate.py

@@ -64,6 +64,23 @@ def apply_logical_validation(config_filename, parsed_configuration):
             )
 
 
+def remove_examples(schema):
+    '''
+    pykwalify gets angry if the example field is not a string. So rather than bend to its will,
+    remove all examples from the given schema before passing the schema to pykwalify.
+    '''
+    if 'map' in schema:
+        for item_name, item_schema in schema['map'].items():
+            item_schema.pop('example', None)
+            remove_examples(item_schema)
+    elif 'seq' in schema:
+        for item_schema in schema['seq']:
+            item_schema.pop('example', None)
+            remove_examples(item_schema)
+
+    return schema
+
+
 def parse_configuration(config_filename, schema_filename):
     '''
     Given the path to a config filename in YAML format and the path to a schema filename in
@@ -84,13 +101,7 @@ def parse_configuration(config_filename, schema_filename):
     except (ruamel.yaml.error.YAMLError, RecursionError) as error:
         raise Validation_error(config_filename, (str(error),))
 
-    # pykwalify gets angry if the example field is not a string. So rather than bend to its will,
-    # remove all examples before passing the schema to pykwalify.
-    for section_name, section_schema in schema['map'].items():
-        for field_name, field_schema in section_schema['map'].items():
-            field_schema.pop('example', None)
-
-    validator = pykwalify.core.Core(source_data=config, schema_data=schema)
+    validator = pykwalify.core.Core(source_data=config, schema_data=remove_examples(schema))
     parsed_result = validator.validate(raise_exception=False)
 
     if validator.validation_errors:

borgmatic/execute.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import os
 import subprocess
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -8,10 +9,28 @@ ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT = 25
 BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE = 2
 
 
-def execute_and_log_output(full_command, output_log_level, shell):
+def exit_code_indicates_error(command, exit_code, error_on_warnings=False):
+    '''
+    Return True if the given exit code from running the command corresponds to an error.
+    '''
+    # If we're running something other than Borg, treat all non-zero exit codes as errors.
+    if 'borg' in command[0] and not error_on_warnings:
+        return bool(exit_code >= BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE)
+
+    return bool(exit_code != 0)
+
+
+def execute_and_log_output(
+    full_command, output_log_level, shell, environment, working_directory, error_on_warnings
+):
     last_lines = []
     process = subprocess.Popen(
-        full_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=shell
+        full_command,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+        shell=shell,
+        env=environment,
+        cwd=working_directory,
     )
 
     while process.poll() is None:
@@ -33,11 +52,7 @@ def execute_and_log_output(full_command, output_log_level, shell):
 
     exit_code = process.poll()
 
-    # If shell is True, assume we're running something other than Borg and should treat all non-zero
-    # exit codes as errors.
-    error = bool(exit_code != 0) if shell else bool(exit_code >= BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE)
-
-    if error:
+    if exit_code_indicates_error(full_command, exit_code, error_on_warnings):
         # If an error occurs, include its output in the raised exception so that we don't
         # inadvertently hide error output.
         if len(last_lines) == ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
@@ -48,33 +63,55 @@ def execute_and_log_output(full_command, output_log_level, shell):
         )
 
 
-def execute_command(full_command, output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False):
+def execute_command(
+    full_command,
+    output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+    shell=False,
+    extra_environment=None,
+    working_directory=None,
+    error_on_warnings=False,
+):
     '''
     Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its output at the
     given log level. If output log level is None, instead capture and return the output. If
-    shell is True, execute the command within a shell.
+    shell is True, execute the command within a shell. If an extra environment dict is given, then
+    use it to augment the current environment, and pass the result into the command. If a working
+    directory is given, use that as the present working directory when running the command.
 
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs while running the command.
     '''
     logger.debug(' '.join(full_command))
+    environment = {**os.environ, **extra_environment} if extra_environment else None
 
     if output_log_level is None:
-        output = subprocess.check_output(full_command, shell=shell)
+        output = subprocess.check_output(
+            full_command, shell=shell, env=environment, cwd=working_directory
+        )
         return output.decode() if output is not None else None
     else:
-        execute_and_log_output(full_command, output_log_level, shell=shell)
+        execute_and_log_output(
+            full_command,
+            output_log_level,
+            shell=shell,
+            environment=environment,
+            working_directory=working_directory,
+            error_on_warnings=error_on_warnings,
+        )
 
 
-def execute_command_without_capture(full_command):
+def execute_command_without_capture(full_command, working_directory=None, error_on_warnings=False):
     '''
     Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings), but don't capture or log its
     output in any way. This is necessary for commands that monkey with the terminal (e.g. progress
     display) or provide interactive prompts.
+
+    If a working directory is given, use that as the present working directory when running the
+    command.
     '''
     logger.debug(' '.join(full_command))
 
     try:
-        subprocess.check_call(full_command)
+        subprocess.check_call(full_command, cwd=working_directory)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        if error.returncode >= BORG_ERROR_EXIT_CODE:
+        if exit_code_indicates_error(full_command, error.returncode, error_on_warnings):
             raise

borgmatic/hooks/command.py

@@ -6,12 +6,26 @@ from borgmatic import execute
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def execute_hook(commands, umask, config_filename, description, dry_run):
+def interpolate_context(command, context):
+    '''
+    Given a single hook command and a dict of context names/values, interpolate the values by
+    "{name}" into the command and return the result.
+    '''
+    for name, value in context.items():
+        command = command.replace('{%s}' % name, str(value))
+
+    return command
+
+
+def execute_hook(commands, umask, config_filename, description, dry_run, **context):
     '''
     Given a list of hook commands to execute, a umask to execute with (or None), a config filename,
     a hook description, and whether this is a dry run, run the given commands. Or, don't run them
     if this is a dry run.
 
+    The context contains optional values interpolated by name into the hook commands. Currently,
+    this only applies to the on_error hook.
+
     Raise ValueError if the umask cannot be parsed.
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs in a hook.
     '''
@@ -21,6 +35,9 @@ def execute_hook(commands, umask, config_filename, description, dry_run):
 
     dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually running hooks)' if dry_run else ''
 
+    context['configuration_filename'] = config_filename
+    commands = [interpolate_context(command, context) for command in commands]
+
     if len(commands) == 1:
         logger.info(
             '{}: Running command for {} hook{}'.format(config_filename, description, dry_run_label)

borgmatic/hooks/cronitor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import logging
+
+import requests
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def ping_cronitor(ping_url, config_filename, dry_run, append):
+    '''
+    Ping the given Cronitor URL, appending the append string. Use the given configuration filename
+    in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually ping anything.
+    '''
+    if not ping_url:
+        logger.debug('{}: No Cronitor hook set'.format(config_filename))
+        return
+
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
+    ping_url = '{}/{}'.format(ping_url, append)
+
+    logger.info('{}: Pinging Cronitor {}{}'.format(config_filename, append, dry_run_label))
+    logger.debug('{}: Using Cronitor ping URL {}'.format(config_filename, ping_url))
+
+    logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+    requests.get(ping_url)

borgmatic/hooks/healthchecks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import logging
+
+import requests
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def ping_healthchecks(ping_url_or_uuid, config_filename, dry_run, append=None):
+    '''
+    Ping the given Healthchecks URL or UUID, appending the append string if any. Use the given
+    configuration filename in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually ping
+    anything.
+    '''
+    if not ping_url_or_uuid:
+        logger.debug('{}: No Healthchecks hook set'.format(config_filename))
+        return
+
+    ping_url = (
+        ping_url_or_uuid
+        if ping_url_or_uuid.startswith('http')
+        else 'https://hc-ping.com/{}'.format(ping_url_or_uuid)
+    )
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually pinging)' if dry_run else ''
+
+    if append:
+        ping_url = '{}/{}'.format(ping_url, append)
+
+    logger.info(
+        '{}: Pinging Healthchecks{}{}'.format(
+            config_filename, ' ' + append if append else '', dry_run_label
+        )
+    )
+    logger.debug('{}: Using Healthchecks ping URL {}'.format(config_filename, ping_url))
+
+    logging.getLogger('urllib3').setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+    requests.get(ping_url)

borgmatic/hooks/postgresql.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import glob
+import logging
+import os
+
+from borgmatic.execute import execute_command
+
+DUMP_PATH = '~/.borgmatic/postgresql_databases'
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def make_database_dump_filename(name, hostname=None):
+    '''
+    Based on the given database name and hostname, return a filename to use for the database dump.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the database name is invalid.
+    '''
+    if os.path.sep in name:
+        raise ValueError('Invalid database name {}'.format(name))
+
+    return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(DUMP_PATH), hostname or 'localhost', name)
+
+
+def dump_databases(databases, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Dump the given PostgreSQL databases to disk. The databases are supplied as a sequence of dicts,
+    one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the given log prefix in
+    any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually dump anything.
+    '''
+    if not databases:
+        logger.debug('{}: No PostgreSQL databases configured'.format(log_prefix))
+        return
+
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually dumping anything)' if dry_run else ''
+
+    logger.info('{}: Dumping PostgreSQL databases{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label))
+
+    for database in databases:
+        name = database['name']
+        dump_filename = make_database_dump_filename(name, database.get('hostname'))
+        all_databases = bool(name == 'all')
+        command = (
+            ('pg_dumpall' if all_databases else 'pg_dump', '--no-password', '--clean')
+            + ('--file', dump_filename)
+            + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+            + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+            + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+            + (() if all_databases else ('--format', database.get('format', 'custom')))
+            + (tuple(database['options'].split(' ')) if 'options' in database else ())
+            + (() if all_databases else (name,))
+        )
+        extra_environment = {'PGPASSWORD': database['password']} if 'password' in database else None
+
+        logger.debug('{}: Dumping PostgreSQL database {}{}'.format(log_prefix, name, dry_run_label))
+        if not dry_run:
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dump_filename), mode=0o700, exist_ok=True)
+            execute_command(command, extra_environment=extra_environment)
+
+
+def remove_database_dumps(databases, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Remove the database dumps for the given databases. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
+    dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the log prefix in
+    any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually remove anything.
+    '''
+    if not databases:
+        logger.debug('{}: No PostgreSQL databases configured'.format(log_prefix))
+        return
+
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually removing anything)' if dry_run else ''
+
+    logger.info('{}: Removing PostgreSQL database dumps{}'.format(log_prefix, dry_run_label))
+
+    for database in databases:
+        dump_filename = make_database_dump_filename(database['name'], database.get('hostname'))
+
+        logger.debug(
+            '{}: Removing PostgreSQL database dump {} from {}{}'.format(
+                log_prefix, database['name'], dump_filename, dry_run_label
+            )
+        )
+        if dry_run:
+            continue
+
+        os.remove(dump_filename)
+        dump_path = os.path.dirname(dump_filename)
+
+        if len(os.listdir(dump_path)) == 0:
+            os.rmdir(dump_path)
+
+
+def make_database_dump_patterns(names):
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of database names, return the corresponding glob patterns to match the database
+    dumps in an archive. An empty sequence of names indicates that the patterns should match all
+    dumps.
+    '''
+    return [make_database_dump_filename(name, hostname='*') for name in (names or ['*'])]
+
+
+def convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns(patterns):
+    '''
+    Convert a sequence of shell glob patterns like "/etc/*" to the corresponding Borg archive
+    patterns like "sh:etc/*".
+    '''
+    return ['sh:{}'.format(pattern.lstrip(os.path.sep)) for pattern in patterns]
+
+
+def get_database_names_from_dumps(patterns):
+    '''
+    Given a sequence of database dump patterns, find the corresponding database dumps on disk and
+    return the database names from their filenames.
+    '''
+    return [os.path.basename(dump_path) for pattern in patterns for dump_path in glob.glob(pattern)]
+
+
+def get_database_configurations(databases, names):
+    '''
+    Given the full database configuration dicts as per the configuration schema, and a sequence of
+    database names, filter down and yield the configuration for just the named databases.
+    Additionally, if a database configuration is named "all", project out that configuration for
+    each named database.
+
+    Raise ValueError if one of the database names cannot be matched to a database in borgmatic's
+    database configuration.
+    '''
+    named_databases = {database['name']: database for database in databases}
+
+    for name in names:
+        database = named_databases.get(name)
+        if database:
+            yield database
+            continue
+
+        if 'all' in named_databases:
+            yield {**named_databases['all'], **{'name': name}}
+            continue
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Cannot restore database "{}", as it is not defined in borgmatic\'s configuration'.format(
+                name
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def restore_database_dumps(databases, log_prefix, dry_run):
+    '''
+    Restore the given PostgreSQL databases from disk. The databases are supplied as a sequence of
+    dicts, one dict describing each database as per the configuration schema. Use the given log
+    prefix in any log entries. If this is a dry run, then don't actually restore anything.
+    '''
+    if not databases:
+        logger.debug('{}: No PostgreSQL databases configured'.format(log_prefix))
+        return
+
+    dry_run_label = ' (dry run; not actually restoring anything)' if dry_run else ''
+
+    for database in databases:
+        dump_filename = make_database_dump_filename(database['name'], database.get('hostname'))
+        restore_command = (
+            ('pg_restore', '--no-password', '--clean', '--if-exists', '--exit-on-error')
+            + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+            + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+            + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+            + ('--dbname', database['name'])
+            + (dump_filename,)
+        )
+        extra_environment = {'PGPASSWORD': database['password']} if 'password' in database else None
+        analyze_command = (
+            ('psql', '--no-password', '--quiet')
+            + (('--host', database['hostname']) if 'hostname' in database else ())
+            + (('--port', str(database['port'])) if 'port' in database else ())
+            + (('--username', database['username']) if 'username' in database else ())
+            + ('--dbname', database['name'])
+            + ('--command', 'ANALYZE')
+        )
+
+        logger.debug(
+            '{}: Restoring PostgreSQL database {}{}'.format(
+                log_prefix, database['name'], dry_run_label
+            )
+        )
+        if not dry_run:
+            execute_command(restore_command, extra_environment=extra_environment)
+            execute_command(analyze_command, extra_environment=extra_environment)

borgmatic/logger.py

@@ -73,29 +73,44 @@ def color_text(color, message):
     return '{}{}{}'.format(color, message, colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)
 
 
-def configure_logging(console_log_level, syslog_log_level=None):
+def configure_logging(
+    console_log_level, syslog_log_level=None, log_file_log_level=None, log_file=None
+):
     '''
-    Configure logging to go to both the console and syslog. Use the given log levels, respectively.
+    Configure logging to go to both the console and (syslog or log file). Use the given log levels,
+    respectively.
+
+    Raise FileNotFoundError or PermissionError if the log file could not be opened for writing.
     '''
     if syslog_log_level is None:
         syslog_log_level = console_log_level
+    if log_file_log_level is None:
+        log_file_log_level = console_log_level
 
     console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
     console_handler.setFormatter(Console_color_formatter())
     console_handler.setLevel(console_log_level)
 
     syslog_path = None
-    if os.path.exists('/dev/log'):
-        syslog_path = '/dev/log'
-    elif os.path.exists('/var/run/syslog'):
-        syslog_path = '/var/run/syslog'
+    if log_file is None:
+        if os.path.exists('/dev/log'):
+            syslog_path = '/dev/log'
+        elif os.path.exists('/var/run/syslog'):
+            syslog_path = '/var/run/syslog'
 
     if syslog_path and not interactive_console():
         syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
         syslog_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('borgmatic: %(levelname)s %(message)s'))
         syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
         handlers = (console_handler, syslog_handler)
+    elif log_file:
+        file_handler = logging.FileHandler(log_file)
+        file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
+        file_handler.setLevel(log_file_log_level)
+        handlers = (console_handler, file_handler)
     else:
         handlers = (console_handler,)
 
-    logging.basicConfig(level=min(console_log_level, syslog_log_level), handlers=handlers)
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=min(console_log_level, syslog_log_level, log_file_log_level), handlers=handlers
+    )

borgmatic/verbosity.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 
+VERBOSITY_ERROR = -1
 VERBOSITY_WARNING = 0
 VERBOSITY_SOME = 1
 VERBOSITY_LOTS = 2
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ def verbosity_to_log_level(verbosity):
     Given a borgmatic verbosity value, return the corresponding Python log level.
     '''
     return {
+        VERBOSITY_ERROR: logging.ERROR,
         VERBOSITY_WARNING: logging.WARNING,
         VERBOSITY_SOME: logging.INFO,
         VERBOSITY_LOTS: logging.DEBUG,

docs/Dockerfile

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ FROM python:3.7.4-alpine3.10 as borgmatic
 COPY . /app
 RUN pip install --no-cache /app && generate-borgmatic-config && chmod +r /etc/borgmatic/config.yaml
 RUN borgmatic --help > /command-line.txt \
-    && for action in init prune create check extract list info; do \
+    && for action in init prune create check extract restore list info; do \
            echo -e "\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" >> /command-line.txt \
            && borgmatic "$action" --help >> /command-line.txt; done
 
 FROM node:12.10.0-alpine as html
 
+ARG ENVIRONMENT=production
+
 WORKDIR /source
 
 RUN npm install @11ty/eleventy \
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ RUN npm install @11ty/eleventy \
 COPY --from=borgmatic /etc/borgmatic/config.yaml /source/docs/_includes/borgmatic/config.yaml
 COPY --from=borgmatic /command-line.txt /source/docs/_includes/borgmatic/command-line.txt
 COPY . /source
-RUN npx eleventy --input=/source/docs --output=/output/docs \
+RUN NODE_ENV=${ENVIRONMENT} npx eleventy --input=/source/docs --output=/output/docs \
   && mv /output/docs/index.html /output/index.html
 
 FROM nginx:1.16.1-alpine

docs/_includes/components/suggestion-form.css

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#suggestion-form textarea {
+	font-family: sans-serif;
+	width: 100%;
+}
+
+#suggestion-form label {
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+#suggestion-form input[type=email] {
+	font-size: 16px;
+	width: 100%;
+}
+
+#suggestion-form .form-error {
+        color: red;
+}
+

docs/_includes/components/suggestion-form.html

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<h2>Improve this documentation</h2>
+
+<p>Have an idea on how to make this documentation even better? Send your
+feedback below! (But if you need help installing or using borgmatic, please
+use our <a href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues">issue tracker</a>
+instead.)</p>
+
+<form id="suggestion-form">
+    <div><label for="suggestion">Suggestion</label></div>
+    <textarea id="suggestion" rows="8" cols="60" name="suggestion"></textarea>
+    <div data-sk-error="suggestion" class="form-error"></div>
+    <input id="_page" type="hidden" name="_page">
+    <input id="_subject" type="hidden" name="_subject" value="borgmatic documentation suggestion">
+    <br />
+    <label for="email">Email address</label>
+    <div><input id="email" type="email" name="email" placeholder="Only required if you want a response!"></div>
+    <div data-sk-error="email" class="form-error"></div>
+    <br />
+    <div><button type="submit">Send</button></div>
+    <br />
+</form>
+
+<script>
+    document.getElementById('_page').value = window.location.href;
+    window.sk=window.sk||function(){(sk.q=sk.q||[]).push(arguments)};
+  
+    sk('form', 'init', {
+        id: '1d536680ab96',
+        element: '#suggestion-form'
+    });
+</script>
+
+<script defer src="https://js.statickit.com/statickit.js"></script>

docs/_includes/header.njk

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 <header class="elv-layout elv-layout-full elv-header{% if headerClass %} {{ headerClass }}{% endif %}">
-	<h1 class="elv-hed">{{ title | safe }}</h1>
+    {% if page.url != '/' %}<h3><a href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/">borgmatic</a></h3>{% endif %}
+    <h1 class="elv-hed">{{ title | safe }}</h1>
 </header>

docs/_includes/layouts/base.njk

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 {% include 'components/minilink.css' %}
 {% include 'components/toc.css' %}
 {% include 'components/info-blocks.css' %}
+{% include 'components/suggestion-form.css' %}
 {% include 'prism-theme.css' %}
 {% include 'asciinema.css' %}
 {% endset %}

docs/_includes/layouts/main.njk

@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@ headerClass: elv-header-default
 <main class="elv-layout{% if layoutClass %} {{ layoutClass }}{% endif %}">
     <article>
         {{ content | safe }}
+
+        {% include 'components/suggestion-form.html' %}
     </article>
 </main>

docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups.md

@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 ---
-title: Add preparation and cleanup steps to backups
+title: How to add preparation and cleanup steps to backups
 ---
 ## Preparation and cleanup hooks
 
 If you find yourself performing prepraration tasks before your backup runs, or
-cleanup work afterwards, borgmatic hooks may be of interest. Hooks are
-shell commands that borgmatic executes for you at various points, and they're
-configured in the `hooks` section of your configuration file.
+cleanup work afterwards, borgmatic hooks may be of interest. Hooks are shell
+commands that borgmatic executes for you at various points, and they're
+configured in the `hooks` section of your configuration file. But if you're
+looking to backup a database, it's probably easier to use the [database backup
+feature](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/)
+instead.
 
-For instance, you can specify `before_backup` hooks to dump a database to file
-before backing it up, and specify `after_backup` hooks to delete the temporary
-file afterwards. Here's an example:
+You can specify `before_backup` hooks to perform preparation steps before
+running backups, and specify `after_backup` hooks to perform cleanup steps
+afterwards. Here's an example:
 
 ```yaml
 hooks:
     before_backup:
-        - dump-a-database /to/file.sql
+        - mount /some/filesystem
     after_backup:
-        - rm /to/file.sql
+        - umount /some/filesystem
 ```
 
 The `before_backup` and `after_backup` hooks each run once per configuration
@@ -47,25 +50,16 @@ but only if there is a `create` action. It runs even if an error occurs during
 a backup or a backup hook, but not if an error occurs during a
 `before_everything` hook.
 
-## Error hooks
-
 borgmatic also runs `on_error` hooks if an error occurs, either when creating
-a backup or running a backup hook. Here's an example configuration:
-
-```yaml
-hooks:
-    on_error:
-        - echo "Error while creating a backup or running a backup hook."
-```
-
-Note however that borgmatic does not run `on_error` hooks if an error occurs
-within a `before_everything` or `after_everything` hook.
+a backup or running a backup hook. See the [monitoring and alerting
+documentation](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)
+for more information.
 
 ## Hook output
 
 Any output produced by your hooks shows up both at the console and in syslog
 (when run in a non-interactive console). For more information, read about <a
-href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md">inspecting
+href="https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/">inspecting
 your backups</a>.
 
 ## Security
@@ -79,6 +73,7 @@ invoked by hooks.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
- * [Make per-application backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups.md)
- * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [Backup your databases](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
+ * [Monitor your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)

docs/how-to/backup-your-databases.md

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+title: How to backup your databases
+---
+## Database dump hooks
+
+If you want to backup a database, it's best practice with most database
+systems to backup an exported database dump, rather than backing up your
+database's internal file storage. That's because the internal storage can
+change while you're reading from it. In contrast, a database dump creates a
+consistent snapshot that is more suited for backups.
+
+Fortunately, borgmatic includes built-in support for creating database dumps
+prior to running backups. For example, here is everything you need to dump and
+backup a couple of local PostgreSQL databases:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: users
+        - name: orders
+```
+
+Prior to each backup, borgmatic dumps each configured database to a file
+(located in `~/.borgmatic/`) and includes it in the backup. After the backup
+completes, borgmatic removes the database dump files to recover disk space.
+
+Here's a more involved example that connects to a remote database:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: users
+          hostname: database.example.org
+          port: 5433
+          username: dbuser
+          password: trustsome1
+          format: tar
+          options: "--role=someone"
+```
+
+If you want to dump all databases on a host, use `all` for the database name:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    postgresql_databases:
+        - name: all
+```
+
+Note that you may need to use a `username` of the `postgres` superuser for
+this to work.
+
+
+### Configuration backups
+
+An important note about this database configuration: You'll need the
+configuration to be present in order for borgmatic to restore a database. So
+to prepare for this situation, it's a good idea to include borgmatic's own
+configuration files as part of your regular backups. That way, you can always
+bring back any missing configuration files in order to restore a database.
+
+
+## Supported databases
+
+As of now, borgmatic only supports PostgreSQL databases directly. But see
+below about general-purpose preparation and cleanup hooks as a work-around
+with other database systems. Also, please [file a
+ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) for additional database systems
+that you'd like supported.
+
+
+## Database restoration
+
+To restore a database dump from an archive, use the `borgmatic restore`
+action. But the first step is to figure out which archive to restore from. A
+good way to do that is to use the `list` action:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic list
+```
+
+(No borgmatic `list` action? Try the old-style `--list`, or upgrade
+borgmatic!)
+
+That should yield output looking something like:
+
+```text
+host-2019-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2019-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
+host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2019-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
+```
+
+Assuming that you want to restore all database dumps from the archive with the
+most up-to-date files and therefore the latest timestamp, run a command like:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910
+```
+
+(No borgmatic `restore` action? Upgrade borgmatic!)
+
+The `--archive` value is the name of the archive to restore from. This
+restores all databases dumps that borgmatic originally backed up to that
+archive.
+
+This is a destructive action! `borgmatic restore` replaces live databases by
+restoring dumps from the selected archive. So be very careful when and where
+you run it.
+
+
+### Repository selection
+
+If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
+problem: the `restore` action figures out which repository to use.
+
+But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
+the repository path containing the archive to restore. Here's an example:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --repository repo.borg --archive host-2019-...
+```
+
+### Restore particular databases
+
+If you've backed up multiple databases into an archive, and you'd only like to
+restore one of them, use the `--database` flag to select one or more
+databases. For instance:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic restore --archive host-2019-... --database users
+```
+
+### Limitations
+
+There are a few important limitations with borgmatic's current database
+restoration feature that you should know about:
+
+1. You must restore as the same Unix user that created the archive containing
+the database dump. That's because the user's home directory path is encoded
+into the path of the database dump within the archive.
+2. As mentioned above, borgmatic can only restore a database that's defined in
+borgmatic's own configuration file. So include your configuration file in
+backups to avoid getting caught without a way to restore a database.
+3. borgmatic does not currently support backing up or restoring multiple
+databases that share the exact same name on different hosts.
+
+
+### Manual restoration
+
+If you prefer to restore a database without the help of borgmatic, first
+[extract](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/) an
+archive containing a database dump, and then manually restore the dump file
+found within the extracted `~/.borgmatic/` path (e.g. with `pg_restore`).
+
+
+## Preparation and cleanup hooks
+
+If this database integration is too limited for needs, borgmatic also supports
+general-purpose [preparation and cleanup
+hooks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/).
+These hooks allows you to trigger arbitrary commands or scripts before and
+after backups. So if necessary, you can use these hooks to create database
+dumps with any database system.
+
+
+## Related documentation
+
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [Add preparation and cleanup steps to backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
+ * [Extract a backup](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/)

docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ repositories.
 
 If you find yourself in this situation, you have some options. First, you can
 run borgmatic's pruning, creating, or checking actions separately. For
-instance, the the following optional flags are available:
+instance, the the following optional actions are available:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic prune
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ borgmatic check
 (No borgmatic `prune`, `create`, or `check` actions? Try the old-style
 `--prune`, `--create`, or `--check`. Or upgrade borgmatic!)
 
-You can run with only one of these flags provided, or you can mix and match
+You can run with only one of these actions provided, or you can mix and match
 any number of them in a single borgmatic run. This supports approaches like
 making backups with `create` on a frequent schedule, while only running
 expensive consistency checks with `check` on a much less frequent basis from
@@ -106,4 +106,4 @@ backups.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)

docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md

@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ following:
 tox -e black
 ```
 
+Note that Black requires at minimum Python 3.6.
+
 And if you get a complaint from the
 [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort) Python import orderer, you
 can ask isort to order your imports for you:
@@ -107,6 +109,29 @@ suite. You can view these builds on
 [build.torsion.org](https://build.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic), and they're
 also linked from the commits list on each pull request.
 
+## Documentation development
+
+Updates to borgmatic's documentation are welcome. It's formatted in Markdown
+and located in the `docs/` directory in borgmatic's source, plus the
+`README.md` file at the root.
+
+To build and view a copy of the documentation with your local changes, run the
+following from the root of borgmatic's source code:
+
+```bash
+sudo scripts/dev-docs
+```
+
+This requires Docker to be installed on your system. You may not need to use
+sudo if your non-root user has permissions to run Docker.
+
+After you run the script, you can point your web browser at
+http://localhost:8080 to view the documentation with your changes.
+
+To close the documentation server, ctrl-C the script. Note that it does not
+currently auto-reload, so you'll need to stop it and re-run it for any
+additional documentation changes to take effect.
+
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)

docs/how-to/extract-a-backup.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: How to extract a backup
+---
+## Extract
+
+When the worst happens—or you want to test your backups—the first step is
+to figure out which archive to extract. A good way to do that is to use the
+`list` action:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic list
+```
+
+(No borgmatic `list` action? Try the old-style `--list`, or upgrade
+borgmatic!)
+
+That should yield output looking something like:
+
+```text
+host-2019-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2019-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
+host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2019-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
+```
+
+Assuming that you want to extract the archive with the most up-to-date files
+and therefore the latest timestamp, run a command like:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910
+```
+
+(No borgmatic `extract` action? Try the old-style `--extract`, or upgrade
+borgmatic!)
+
+The `--archive` value is the name of the archive to extract. This extracts the
+entire contents of the archive to the current directory, so make sure you're
+in the right place before running the command.
+
+
+## Repository selection
+
+If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
+problem: the `extract` action figures out which repository to use.
+
+But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
+the repository path containing the archive to extract. Here's an example:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic extract --repository repo.borg --archive host-2019-...
+```
+
+## Extract particular files
+
+Sometimes, you want to extract a single deleted file, rather than extracting
+everything from an archive. To do that, tack on one or more `--path` values.
+For instance:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-... --path path/1 path/2
+```
+
+Note that the specified restore paths should not have a leading slash. Like a
+whole-archive extract, this also extracts into the current directory. So for
+example, if you happen to be in the directory `/var` and you run the `extract`
+command above, borgmatic will extract `/var/path/1` and `/var/path/2`.
+
+## Extract to a particular destination
+
+By default, borgmatic extracts files into the current directory. To instead
+extract files to a particular destination directory, use the `--destination`
+flag:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-... --destination /tmp
+```
+
+When using the `--destination` flag, be careful not to overwrite your system's
+files with extracted files unless that is your intent.
+
+
+## Database restoration
+
+The `borgmatic extract` command only extracts files. To restore a database,
+please see the [documentation on database backups and
+restores](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/).
+borgmatic does not perform database restoration as part of `borgmatic extract`
+so that you can extract files from your archive without impacting your live
+databases.
+
+
+## Related documentation
+
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
+ * [Monitor your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)
+ * [Backup your databases](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/backup-your-databases/)

docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ borgmatic --verbosity 2
 
 ## Backup summary
 
-If you're less concerned with progress during a backup, and you just want to
+If you're less concerned with progress during a backup, and you only want to
 see the summary of archive statistics at the end, you can use the stats
-option:
+option when performing a backup:
 
 ```bash
 borgmatic --stats
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ borgmatic --stats
 
 ## Existing backups
 
-Borgmatic provides convenient flags for Borg's
+borgmatic provides convenient actions for Borg's
 [list](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/list.html) and
 [info](https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/info.html)
 functionality:
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ borgmatic info
 (No borgmatic `list` or `info` actions? Try the old-style `--list` or
 `--info`. Or upgrade borgmatic!)
 
+
 ## Logging
 
 By default, borgmatic logs to a local syslog-compatible daemon if one is
@@ -69,6 +70,20 @@ Or to increase syslog logging to include debug spew:
 borgmatic --syslog-verbosity 2
 ```
 
+### Logging to file
+
+If you don't want to use syslog, and you'd rather borgmatic log to a plain
+file, use the `--log-file` flag:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic --log-file /path/to/file.log
+```
+
+Note that if you use the `--log-file` flag, you are responsible for rotating
+the log file so it doesn't grow too large. Also, there is a
+`--log-file-verbosity` flag to customize the log file's log level.
+
+
 ### systemd journal
 
 If your local syslog daemon is systemd's journal, be aware that journald by
@@ -82,18 +97,10 @@ Note that the [sample borgmatic systemd service
 file](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#systemd)
 already has this rate limit disabled.
 
-## Scripting borgmatic
-
-To consume the output of borgmatic in other software, you can include an
-optional `--json` flag with `create`, `list`, or `info` to get the output
-formatted as JSON.
-
-Note that when you specify the `--json` flag, Borg's other non-JSON output is
-suppressed so as not to interfere with the captured JSON. Also note that JSON
-output only shows up at the console, and not in syslog.
-
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
- * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [Monitor your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)
+ * [Add preparation and cleanup steps to backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/)
+ * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/)

docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups.md

@@ -112,4 +112,4 @@ directly, please see the section above about standard includes.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)

docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups.md

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+---
+title: How to monitor your backups
+---
+
+## Monitoring and alerting
+
+Having backups is great, but they won't do you a lot of good unless you have
+confidence that they're running on a regular basis. That's where monitoring
+and alerting comes in.
+
+There are several different ways you can monitor your backups and find out
+whether they're succeeding. Which of these you choose to do is up to you and
+your particular infrastructure:
+
+1. **Job runner alerts**: The easiest place to start is with failure alerts
+from the [scheduled job
+runner](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/#autopilot) (cron,
+systemd, etc.) that's running borgmatic. But note that if the job doesn't even
+get scheduled (e.g. due to the job runner not running), you probably won't get
+an alert at all! Still, this is a decent first line of defense, especially
+when combined with some of the other approaches below.
+2. **borgmatic error hooks**: The `on_error` hook allows you to run an arbitrary
+command or script when borgmatic itself encounters an error running your
+backups. So for instance, you can run a script to send yourself a text message
+alert. But note that if borgmatic doesn't actually run, this alert won't fire.
+See [error
+hooks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#error-hooks)
+below for how to configure this.
+4. **borgmatic monitoring hooks**: This feature integrates with monitoring
+services like [Healthchecks](https://healthchecks.io/) and
+[Cronitor](https://cronitor.io), and pings these services whenever borgmatic
+runs. That way, you'll receive an alert when something goes wrong or the
+service doesn't hear from borgmatic for a configured interval. See
+[Healthchecks
+hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#healthchecks-hook)
+and [Cronitor
+hook](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#cronitor-hook)
+below for how to configure this.
+3. **Third-party monitoring software**: You can use traditional monitoring
+software to consume borgmatic JSON output and track when the last
+successful backup occurred. See [scripting
+borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#scripting-borgmatic)
+below for how to configure this.
+5. **Borg hosting providers**: Most [Borg hosting
+providers](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#hosting-providers) include
+monitoring and alerting as part of their offering. This gives you a dashboard
+to check on all of your backups, and can alert you if the service doesn't hear
+from borgmatic for a configured interval.
+6. **borgmatic consistency checks**: While not strictly part of monitoring, if you
+really want confidence that your backups are not only running but are
+restorable as well, you can configure particular [consistency
+checks](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups/#consistency-check-configuration)
+or even script full [extract
+tests](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/).
+
+
+## Error hooks
+
+When an error occurs during a backup, borgmatic can run configurable shell
+commands to fire off custom error notifications or take other actions, so you
+can get alerted as soon as something goes wrong. Here's a not-so-useful
+example:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    on_error:
+        - echo "Error while creating a backup or running a backup hook."
+```
+
+The `on_error` hook supports interpolating particular runtime variables into
+the hook command. Here's an example that assumes you provide a separate shell
+script to handle the alerting:
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    on_error:
+        - send-text-message.sh "{configuration_filename}" "{repository}"
+```
+
+In this example, when the error occurs, borgmatic interpolates a few runtime
+values into the hook command: the borgmatic configuration filename, and the
+path of the repository. Here's the full set of supported variables you can use
+here:
+
+ * `configuration_filename`: borgmatic configuration filename in which the
+   error occurred
+ * `repository`: path of the repository in which the error occurred (may be
+   blank if the error occurs in a hook)
+ * `error`: the error message itself
+ * `output`: output of the command that failed (may be blank if an error
+   occurred without running a command)
+
+Note that borgmatic does not run `on_error` hooks if an error occurs within a
+`before_everything` or `after_everything` hook. For more about hooks, see the
+[borgmatic hooks
+documentation](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/),
+especially the security information.
+
+
+## Healthchecks hook
+
+[Healthchecks](https://healthchecks.io/) is a service that provides "instant
+alerts when your cron jobs fail silently", and borgmatic has built-in
+integration with it. Once you create a Healthchecks account and project on
+their site, all you need to do is configure borgmatic with the unique "Ping
+URL" for your project. Here's an example:
+
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    healthchecks: https://hc-ping.com/addffa72-da17-40ae-be9c-ff591afb942a
+```
+
+With this hook in place, borgmatic will ping your Healthchecks project when a
+backup begins, ends, or errors. Then you can configure Healthchecks to notify
+you by a [variety of
+mechanisms](https://healthchecks.io/#welcome-integrations) when backups fail
+or it doesn't hear from borgmatic for a certain period of time.
+
+
+## Cronitor hook
+
+[Cronitor](https://cronitor.io/) provides "Cron monitoring and uptime healthchecks
+for websites, services and APIs", and borgmatic has built-in
+integration with it. Once you create a Cronitor account and cron job monitor on
+their site, all you need to do is configure borgmatic with the unique "Ping
+API URL" for your monitor. Here's an example:
+
+
+```yaml
+hooks:
+    cronitor: https://cronitor.link/d3x0c1
+```
+
+With this hook in place, borgmatic will ping your Cronitor monitor when a
+backup begins, ends, or errors. Then you can configure Cronitor to notify you
+by a [variety of
+mechanisms](https://cronitor.io/docs/cron-job-notifications) when backups
+fail or it doesn't hear from borgmatic for a certain period of time.
+
+
+## Scripting borgmatic
+
+To consume the output of borgmatic in other software, you can include an
+optional `--json` flag with `create`, `list`, or `info` to get the output
+formatted as JSON.
+
+Note that when you specify the `--json` flag, Borg's other non-JSON output is
+suppressed so as not to interfere with the captured JSON. Also note that JSON
+output only shows up at the console, and not in syslog.
+
+
+### Successful backups
+
+`borgmatic list` includes support for a `--successful` flag that only lists
+successful (non-checkpoint) backups. This flag works via a basic heuristic: It
+assumes that non-checkpoint archive names end with a digit (e.g. from a
+timestamp), while checkpoint archive names do not. This means that if you're
+using custom archive names that do not end in a digit, the `--successful` flag
+will not work as expected.
+
+Combined with a built-in Borg flag like `--last`, you can list the last
+successful backup for use in your monitoring scripts. Here's an example
+combined with `--json`:
+
+```bash
+borgmatic list --successful --last 1 --json
+```
+
+Note that this particular combination will only work if you've got a single
+backup "series" in your repository. If you're instead backing up, say, from
+multiple different hosts into a single repository, then you'll need to get
+fancier with your archive listing. See `borg list --help` for more flags.
+
+
+## Related documentation
+
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
+ * [Add preparation and cleanup steps to backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/add-preparation-and-cleanup-steps-to-backups/)
+ * [Extract a backup](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/)
+ * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/)

docs/how-to/restore-a-backup.md

@@ -1,67 +1,3 @@
----
-title: How to restore a backup
----
-## Extract
-
-When the worst happens—or you want to test your backups—the first step is
-to figure out which archive to restore. A good way to do that is to use the
-`list` action:
-
-```bash
-borgmatic list
-```
-
-(No borgmatic `list` action? Try the old-style `--list`, or upgrade
-borgmatic!)
-
-That should yield output looking something like:
-
-```text
-host-2019-01-01T04:05:06.070809      Tue, 2019-01-01 04:05:06 [...]
-host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910      Wed, 2019-01-02 04:06:07 [...]
-```
-
-Assuming that you want to restore the archive with the most up-to-date files
-and therefore the latest timestamp, run a command like:
-
-```bash
-borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-01-02T04:06:07.080910
-```
-
-(No borgmatic `extract` action? Try the old-style `--extract`, or upgrade
-borgmatic!)
-
-The `--archive` value is the name of the archive to restore. This extracts the
-entire contents of the archive to the current directory, so make sure you're
-in the right place before running the command.
-
-
-## Repository selection
-
-If you have a single repository in your borgmatic configuration file(s), no
-problem: the `extract` action figures out which repository to use.
-
-But if you have multiple repositories configured, then you'll need to specify
-the repository path containing the archive to extract. Here's an example:
-
-```bash
-borgmatic extract --repository repo.borg --archive host-2019-...
-```
-
-## Restore particular files
-
-Sometimes, you want to restore a single deleted file, rather than restoring
-everything from an archive. To do that, tack on one or more `--restore-path`
-values. For instance:
-
-```bash
-borgmatic extract --archive host-2019-... --restore-path /path/1 /path/2
-```
-
-Like a whole-archive restore, this also restores into the current directory.
-
-
-## Related documentation
-
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
- * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md)
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv='refresh' content='0; URL=https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/extract-a-backup/'>
+</head>

docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ borgmatic:
  * [Debian](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/borgmatic)
  * [Ubuntu](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/borgmatic)
  * [Fedora](https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?search=borgmatic)
- * [Arch Linux](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/borgmatic/)
+ * [Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/borgmatic/)
  * [OpenBSD](http://ports.su/sysutils/borgmatic)
  * [openSUSE](https://software.opensuse.org/package/borgmatic)
  * [stand-alone binary](https://github.com/cmarquardt/borgmatic-binary)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ else borgmatic won't recognize the option. Also be sure to use spaces rather
 than tabs for indentation; YAML does not allow tabs.
 
 You can also get the same sample configuration file from the [configuration
-reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration.md), the authoritative set of
+reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/), the authoritative set of
 all configuration options. This is handy if borgmatic has added new options
 since you originally created your configuration file.
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ found character that cannot start any token
   in "config.yaml", line 230, column 1
 ```
 
-YAML does not allow tabs. So to fix this, simply replace any tabs in your
+YAML does not allow tabs. So to fix this, replace any tabs in your
 configuration file with the requisite number of spaces.
 
 ### libyaml compilation errors
@@ -244,13 +244,9 @@ it.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Make per-application backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups.md)
- * [Deal with very large backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups.md)
- * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups.md)
- * [borgmatic configuration reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration.md)
- * [borgmatic command-line reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/command-line.md)
-
-<script>
-  var links = document.getElementsByClassName("referral");
-  links[Math.floor(Math.random() * links.length)].style.display = "none";
-</script>
+ * [Make per-application backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/make-per-application-backups/)
+ * [Deal with very large backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/deal-with-very-large-backups/)
+ * [Inspect your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/inspect-your-backups/)
+ * [Monitor your backups](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/)
+ * [borgmatic configuration reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/)
+ * [borgmatic command-line reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/command-line/)

docs/how-to/upgrade.md

@@ -76,4 +76,4 @@ files.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md)
+ * [Develop on borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/)

docs/reference/command-line.md

@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ each action sub-command:
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
- * [borgmatic configuration reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [borgmatic configuration reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/configuration/)

docs/reference/configuration.md

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ file](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/config.yaml) for use locally.
 
 ## Related documentation
 
- * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md)
- * [borgmatic command-line reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/command-line.md)
+ * [Set up backups with borgmatic](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/set-up-backups/)
+ * [borgmatic command-line reference](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/reference/command-line/)

scripts/dev-docs

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 
 set -e
 
-docker build --tag borgmatic-docs --file docs/Dockerfile .
+docker build --tag borgmatic-docs --build-arg ENVIRONMENT=dev --file docs/Dockerfile .
 echo
 echo "You can view dev docs at http://localhost:8080"
-echo "Note that links within these docs will go to the online docs, so you will need to fiddle with URLs manually to stay in the dev docs."
 echo
 docker run --interactive --tty --publish 8080:80 --rm borgmatic-docs

scripts/pip

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# Temporary work around for https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/6434
-python -m pip install --upgrade pip==19.1.1
-python -m pip install --no-use-pep517 $*
-

scripts/run-tests

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 set -e
 
-python -m pip install --upgrade pip==19.1.1
-pip install tox==3.10.0
+python -m pip install --upgrade pip==19.3.1
+pip install tox==3.14.0
 tox
 apk add --no-cache borgbackup
 tox -e end-to-end

setup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
-VERSION = '1.3.22'
+VERSION = '1.4.6'
 
 
 setup(
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ setup(
     obsoletes=['atticmatic'],
     install_requires=(
         'pykwalify>=1.6.0,<14.06',
+        'requests',
         'ruamel.yaml>0.15.0,<0.17.0',
         'setuptools',
         'colorama>=0.4.1,<0.5',

test_requirements.txt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 appdirs==1.4.3
 atomicwrites==1.3.0
-attrs==19.1.0
+attrs==19.3.0
 black==19.3b0; python_version >= '3.6'
 click==7.0
 colorama==0.4.1
 coverage==4.5.4
 docopt==0.6.2
-flake8==3.7.8
+flake8==3.7.9
 flexmock==0.10.4
 isort==4.3.21
 mccabe==0.6.1
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ py==1.8.0
 pycodestyle==2.5.0
 pyflakes==2.1.1
 pykwalify==1.7.0
-pytest==5.1.2
-pytest-cov==2.7.1
+pytest==5.2.2
+pytest-cov==2.8.1
 python-dateutil==2.8.0
 PyYAML==5.1.2
+requests==2.22.0
 ruamel.yaml>0.15.0,<0.17.0
 toml==0.10.0

tests/integration/commands/test_arguments.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_no_arguments_uses_defaults():
     assert global_arguments.excludes_filename is None
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
     assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_multiple_config_paths_parses_as_list():
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_multiple_config_paths_parses_as_list():
     assert global_arguments.config_paths == ['myconfig', 'otherconfig']
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
     assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_verbosity_overrides_default():
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_verbosity_overrides_default():
     assert global_arguments.excludes_filename is None
     assert global_arguments.verbosity == 1
     assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == 0
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_with_syslog_verbosity_overrides_default():
@@ -54,6 +57,20 @@ def test_parse_arguments_with_syslog_verbosity_overrides_default():
     assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 2
 
 
+def test_parse_arguments_with_log_file_verbosity_overrides_default():
+    config_paths = ['default']
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(config_paths)
+
+    arguments = module.parse_arguments('--log-file-verbosity', '-1')
+
+    global_arguments = arguments['global']
+    assert global_arguments.config_paths == config_paths
+    assert global_arguments.excludes_filename is None
+    assert global_arguments.verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.syslog_verbosity == 0
+    assert global_arguments.log_file_verbosity == -1
+
+
 def test_parse_arguments_with_list_json_overrides_default():
     arguments = module.parse_arguments('list', '--json')
 
@@ -230,6 +247,15 @@ def test_parse_arguments_disallows_init_and_dry_run():
         )
 
 
+def test_parse_arguments_disallows_glob_archives_with_successful():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module.parse_arguments(
+            '--config', 'myconfig', 'list', '--glob-archives', '*glob*', '--successful'
+        )
+
+
 def test_parse_arguments_disallows_repository_without_extract_or_list():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 
@@ -251,18 +277,18 @@ def test_parse_arguments_allows_repository_with_list():
     module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', 'list', '--repository', 'test.borg')
 
 
-def test_parse_arguments_disallows_archive_without_extract_or_list():
+def test_parse_arguments_disallows_archive_without_extract_restore_or_list():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
         module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', '--archive', 'test')
 
 
-def test_parse_arguments_disallows_restore_paths_without_extract():
+def test_parse_arguments_disallows_paths_without_extract():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
-        module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', '--restore-path', 'test')
+        module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', '--path', 'test')
 
 
 def test_parse_arguments_allows_archive_with_extract():
@@ -277,6 +303,18 @@ def test_parse_arguments_allows_archive_with_dashed_extract():
     module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', '--extract', '--archive', 'test')
 
 
+def test_parse_arguments_allows_archive_with_restore():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', 'restore', '--archive', 'test')
+
+
+def test_parse_arguments_allows_archive_with_dashed_restore():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', '--restore', '--archive', 'test')
+
+
 def test_parse_arguments_allows_archive_with_list():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 
@@ -290,6 +328,13 @@ def test_parse_arguments_requires_archive_with_extract():
         module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', 'extract')
 
 
+def test_parse_arguments_requires_archive_with_restore():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        module.parse_arguments('--config', 'myconfig', 'restore')
+
+
 def test_parse_arguments_allows_progress_before_create():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 
@@ -308,6 +353,12 @@ def test_parse_arguments_allows_progress_and_extract():
     module.parse_arguments('--progress', 'extract', '--archive', 'test', 'list')
 
 
+def test_parse_arguments_allows_progress_and_restore():
+    flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
+
+    module.parse_arguments('--progress', 'restore', '--archive', 'test', 'list')
+
+
 def test_parse_arguments_disallows_progress_without_create():
     flexmock(module.collect).should_receive('get_default_config_paths').and_return(['default'])
 

tests/integration/config/test_generate.py

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ def test_comment_out_line_comments_indented_option():
     assert module._comment_out_line(line) == '    # enabled: true'
 
 
+def test_comment_out_line_comments_twice_indented_option():
+    line = '        - item'
+
+    assert module._comment_out_line(line) == '        # - item'
+
+
 def test_comment_out_optional_configuration_comments_optional_config_only():
     flexmock(module)._comment_out_line = lambda line: '# ' + line
     config = '''
@@ -74,10 +80,10 @@ location:
     assert module._comment_out_optional_configuration(config.strip()) == expected_config.strip()
 
 
-def test_render_configuration_does_not_raise():
-    flexmock(module.yaml).should_receive('round_trip_dump')
+def test_render_configuration_converts_configuration_to_yaml_string():
+    yaml_string = module._render_configuration({'foo': 'bar'})
 
-    module._render_configuration({})
+    assert yaml_string == 'foo: bar\n'
 
 
 def test_write_configuration_does_not_raise():
@@ -107,12 +113,33 @@ def test_write_configuration_with_already_existing_directory_does_not_raise():
     module.write_configuration('config.yaml', 'config: yaml')
 
 
-def test_add_comments_to_configuration_does_not_raise():
+def test_add_comments_to_configuration_sequence_of_strings_does_not_raise():
+    config = module.yaml.comments.CommentedSeq(['foo', 'bar'])
+    schema = {'seq': [{'type': 'str'}]}
+
+    module.add_comments_to_configuration_sequence(config, schema)
+
+
+def test_add_comments_to_configuration_sequence_of_maps_does_not_raise():
+    config = module.yaml.comments.CommentedSeq([module.yaml.comments.CommentedMap([('foo', 'yo')])])
+    schema = {'seq': [{'map': {'foo': {'desc': 'yo'}}}]}
+
+    module.add_comments_to_configuration_sequence(config, schema)
+
+
+def test_add_comments_to_configuration_sequence_of_maps_without_description_does_not_raise():
+    config = module.yaml.comments.CommentedSeq([module.yaml.comments.CommentedMap([('foo', 'yo')])])
+    schema = {'seq': [{'map': {'foo': {}}}]}
+
+    module.add_comments_to_configuration_sequence(config, schema)
+
+
+def test_add_comments_to_configuration_map_does_not_raise():
     # Ensure that it can deal with fields both in the schema and missing from the schema.
     config = module.yaml.comments.CommentedMap([('foo', 33), ('bar', 44), ('baz', 55)])
     schema = {'map': {'foo': {'desc': 'Foo'}, 'bar': {'desc': 'Bar'}}}
 
-    module.add_comments_to_configuration(config, schema)
+    module.add_comments_to_configuration_map(config, schema)
 
 
 def test_generate_sample_configuration_does_not_raise():

tests/integration/test_execute.py

@@ -10,43 +10,58 @@ from borgmatic import execute as module
 def test_execute_and_log_output_logs_each_line_separately():
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'hi').once()
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'there').once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(False)
 
-    module.execute_and_log_output(['echo', 'hi'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
-    module.execute_and_log_output(['echo', 'there'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
+    module.execute_and_log_output(
+        ['echo', 'hi'],
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
+    )
+    module.execute_and_log_output(
+        ['echo', 'there'],
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
+    )
 
 
-def test_execute_and_log_output_with_borg_warning_does_not_raise():
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
-
-    # Borg's exit code 1 is a warning, not an error.
-    module.execute_and_log_output(['false'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
-
-
-def test_execute_and_log_output_includes_borg_error_output_in_exception():
+def test_execute_and_log_output_includes_error_output_in_exception():
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(True)
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
-        module.execute_and_log_output(['grep'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
+        module.execute_and_log_output(
+            ['grep'],
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            shell=False,
+            environment=None,
+            working_directory=None,
+            error_on_warnings=False,
+        )
 
     assert error.value.returncode == 2
     assert error.value.output
 
 
-def test_execute_and_log_output_with_shell_error_raises():
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
-
-    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
-        module.execute_and_log_output(['false'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=True)
-
-    assert error.value.returncode == 1
-
-
-def test_execute_and_log_output_truncates_long_borg_error_output():
+def test_execute_and_log_output_truncates_long_error_output():
     flexmock(module).ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT = 0
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(True)
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
-        module.execute_and_log_output(['grep'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
+        module.execute_and_log_output(
+            ['grep'],
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            shell=False,
+            environment=None,
+            working_directory=None,
+            error_on_warnings=False,
+        )
 
     assert error.value.returncode == 2
     assert error.value.output.startswith('...')
@@ -54,12 +69,13 @@ def test_execute_and_log_output_truncates_long_borg_error_output():
 
 def test_execute_and_log_output_with_no_output_logs_nothing():
     flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(False)
 
-    module.execute_and_log_output(['true'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
-
-
-def test_execute_and_log_output_with_error_exit_status_raises():
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
-
-    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-        module.execute_and_log_output(['grep'], output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False)
+    module.execute_and_log_output(
+        ['true'],
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
+    )

tests/unit/borg/test_create.py

@@ -150,17 +150,56 @@ def test_make_exclude_flags_includes_exclude_if_present_when_in_config():
     assert exclude_flags == ('--exclude-if-present', 'exclude_me')
 
 
+def test_make_exclude_flags_includes_keep_exclude_tags_when_true_in_config():
+    exclude_flags = module._make_exclude_flags(location_config={'keep_exclude_tags': True})
+
+    assert exclude_flags == ('--keep-exclude-tags',)
+
+
+def test_make_exclude_flags_does_not_include_keep_exclude_tags_when_false_in_config():
+    exclude_flags = module._make_exclude_flags(location_config={'keep_exclude_tags': False})
+
+    assert exclude_flags == ()
+
+
+def test_make_exclude_flags_includes_exclude_nodump_when_true_in_config():
+    exclude_flags = module._make_exclude_flags(location_config={'exclude_nodump': True})
+
+    assert exclude_flags == ('--exclude-nodump',)
+
+
+def test_make_exclude_flags_does_not_include_exclude_nodump_when_false_in_config():
+    exclude_flags = module._make_exclude_flags(location_config={'exclude_nodump': False})
+
+    assert exclude_flags == ()
+
+
 def test_make_exclude_flags_is_empty_when_config_has_no_excludes():
     exclude_flags = module._make_exclude_flags(location_config={})
 
     assert exclude_flags == ()
 
 
+def test_borgmatic_source_directories_set_when_directory_exists():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser')
+
+    assert module.borgmatic_source_directories() == [module.BORGMATIC_SOURCE_DIRECTORY]
+
+
+def test_borgmatic_source_directories_empty_when_directory_does_not_exist():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser')
+
+    assert module.borgmatic_source_directories() == []
+
+
 DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME = '{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f}'
 ARCHIVE_WITH_PATHS = ('repo::{}'.format(DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME), 'foo', 'bar')
 
 
 def test_create_archive_calls_borg_with_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -184,6 +223,7 @@ def test_create_archive_calls_borg_with_parameters():
 
 def test_create_archive_with_patterns_calls_borg_with_patterns():
     pattern_flags = ('--patterns-from', 'patterns')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(
@@ -209,6 +249,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_patterns_calls_borg_with_patterns():
 
 def test_create_archive_with_exclude_patterns_calls_borg_with_excludes():
     exclude_flags = ('--exclude-from', 'excludes')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(('exclude',))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None).and_return(
@@ -233,6 +274,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_exclude_patterns_calls_borg_with_excludes():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -258,6 +300,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -283,6 +326,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -308,6 +352,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -332,6 +377,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_calls_borg_with_dry_run_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -357,6 +403,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_calls_borg_with_dry_run_parameter():
 def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_and_log_info_calls_borg_without_stats_parameter():
     # --dry-run and --stats are mutually exclusive, see:
     # https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/create.html#description
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -385,6 +432,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_and_log_info_calls_borg_without_stats_param
 def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_and_log_debug_calls_borg_without_stats_parameter():
     # --dry-run and --stats are mutually exclusive, see:
     # https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage/create.html#description
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -411,6 +459,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_dry_run_and_log_debug_calls_borg_without_stats_para
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_checkpoint_interval_calls_borg_with_checkpoint_interval_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -434,6 +483,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_checkpoint_interval_calls_borg_with_checkpoint_inte
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_chunker_params_calls_borg_with_chunker_params_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -457,6 +507,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_chunker_params_calls_borg_with_chunker_params_param
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_compression_calls_borg_with_compression_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -480,6 +531,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_compression_calls_borg_with_compression_parameters(
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_remote_rate_limit_calls_borg_with_remote_ratelimit_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -503,6 +555,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_remote_rate_limit_calls_borg_with_remote_ratelimit_
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_one_file_system_calls_borg_with_one_file_system_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -526,6 +579,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_one_file_system_calls_borg_with_one_file_system_par
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_numeric_owner_calls_borg_with_numeric_owner_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -549,6 +603,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_numeric_owner_calls_borg_with_numeric_owner_paramet
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_read_special_calls_borg_with_read_special_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -573,6 +628,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_read_special_calls_borg_with_read_special_parameter
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('option_name', ('atime', 'ctime', 'birthtime', 'bsd_flags'))
 def test_create_archive_with_option_true_calls_borg_without_corresponding_parameter(option_name):
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -597,6 +653,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_option_true_calls_borg_without_corresponding_parame
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('option_name', ('atime', 'ctime', 'birthtime', 'bsd_flags'))
 def test_create_archive_with_option_false_calls_borg_with_corresponding_parameter(option_name):
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -621,6 +678,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_option_false_calls_borg_with_corresponding_paramete
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_files_cache_calls_borg_with_files_cache_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -645,6 +703,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_files_cache_calls_borg_with_files_cache_parameters(
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -668,6 +727,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -692,6 +752,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters(
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -714,6 +775,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_parameters():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -736,6 +798,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_stats_calls_borg_with_stats_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -759,6 +822,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stats_calls_borg_with_stats_parameter():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_progress_calls_borg_with_progress_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -782,6 +846,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_progress_calls_borg_with_progress_parameter():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -807,6 +872,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_parameter():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_stats_and_json_calls_borg_without_stats_parameter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -833,6 +899,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_stats_and_json_calls_borg_without_stats_parameter()
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_source_directories_glob_expands():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'food'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -857,6 +924,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_source_directories_glob_expands():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_non_matching_source_directories_glob_passes_through():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo*',))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -881,6 +949,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_non_matching_source_directories_glob_passes_through
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_glob_calls_borg_with_expanded_directories():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'food'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -904,6 +973,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_glob_calls_borg_with_expanded_directories():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_archive_name_format_calls_borg_with_archive_name():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)
@@ -926,6 +996,7 @@ def test_create_archive_with_archive_name_format_calls_borg_with_archive_name():
 
 
 def test_create_archive_with_archive_name_format_accepts_borg_placeholders():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borgmatic_source_directories').and_return([])
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_directories').and_return(('foo', 'bar'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_expand_home_directories').and_return(())
     flexmock(module).should_receive('_write_pattern_file').and_return(None)

tests/unit/borg/test_extract.py

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ from borgmatic.borg import extract as module
 from ..test_verbosity import insert_logging_mock
 
 
-def insert_execute_command_mock(command):
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(command).once()
+def insert_execute_command_mock(command, working_directory=None, error_on_warnings=True):
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        command, working_directory=working_directory, error_on_warnings=error_on_warnings
+    ).once()
 
 
 def insert_execute_command_output_mock(command, result):
@@ -86,26 +88,28 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_restore_path_parameters():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', 'repo::archive', 'path1', 'path2'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=['path1', 'path2'],
+        paths=['path1', 'path2'],
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
         remote_path='borg1',
@@ -113,45 +117,49 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters():
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_numeric_owner_parameter():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--numeric-owner', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={'numeric_owner': True},
         storage_config={},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_parameters():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--umask', '0770', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={'umask': '0770'},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={'lock_wait': '5'},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--info', 'repo::archive'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
@@ -159,13 +167,14 @@ def test_extract_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameters():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
         ('borg', 'extract', '--debug', '--list', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive')
     )
@@ -175,35 +184,54 @@ def test_extract_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameters():
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
     )
 
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_dry_run_parameter():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=True,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
     )
 
 
+def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_destination_path():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', 'repo::archive'), working_directory='/dest')
+
+    module.extract_archive(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository='repo',
+        archive='archive',
+        paths=None,
+        location_config={},
+        storage_config={},
+        destination_path='/dest',
+    )
+
+
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_progress_parameter():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_without_capture').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--progress', 'repo::archive')
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--progress', 'repo::archive'),
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=True,
     ).once()
 
     module.extract_archive(
         dry_run=False,
         repository='repo',
         archive='archive',
-        restore_paths=None,
+        paths=None,
         location_config={},
         storage_config={},
         progress=True,

tests/unit/borg/test_list.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ def test_list_archives_calls_borg_with_parameters():
     )
 
     module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -25,7 +27,9 @@ def test_list_archives_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -36,7 +40,9 @@ def test_list_archives_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -47,7 +53,9 @@ def test_list_archives_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -58,7 +66,9 @@ def test_list_archives_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_output():
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -71,7 +81,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_parameters():
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config=storage_config,
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -84,7 +94,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_archive_calls_borg_with_archive_parameter():
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config=storage_config,
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive='archive', json=False),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive='archive', json=False, successful=False),
     )
 
 
@@ -96,7 +106,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config={},
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
         local_path='borg1',
     )
 
@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_parameters()
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config={},
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False),
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
@@ -122,7 +132,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_short_calls_borg_with_short_parameter():
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config={},
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, short=True),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=False, short=True),
     )
 
 
@@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ def test_list_archives_with_short_calls_borg_with_short_parameter():
         'exclude',
         'exclude_from',
         'pattern',
-        'pattern_from',
+        'patterns_from',
     ),
 )
 def test_list_archives_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
@@ -149,7 +159,22 @@ def test_list_archives_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
     module.list_archives(
         repository='repo',
         storage_config={},
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, **{argument_name: 'value'}),
+        list_arguments=flexmock(
+            archive=None, json=False, successful=False, **{argument_name: 'value'}
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def test_list_archives_with_successful_calls_borg_to_exclude_checkpoints():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'list', '--glob-archives', module.BORG_EXCLUDE_CHECKPOINTS_GLOB, 'repo'),
+        output_log_level=logging.WARNING,
+    ).and_return('[]')
+
+    module.list_archives(
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, successful=True),
     )
 
 
@@ -159,7 +184,9 @@ def test_list_archives_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_parameter():
     ).and_return('[]')
 
     json_output = module.list_archives(
-        repository='repo', storage_config={}, list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True)
+        repository='repo',
+        storage_config={},
+        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=True, successful=False),
     )
 
     assert json_output == '[]'

tests/unit/commands/test_borgmatic.py

@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ def test_run_configuration_runs_actions_for_each_repository():
 
 def test_run_configuration_executes_hooks_for_create_action():
     flexmock(module.borg_environment).should_receive('initialize')
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').twice()
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').twice()
+    flexmock(module.postgresql).should_receive('dump_databases').once()
+    flexmock(module.healthchecks).should_receive('ping_healthchecks').twice()
+    flexmock(module.postgresql).should_receive('remove_database_dumps').once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('run_actions').and_return([])
     config = {'location': {'repositories': ['foo']}}
     arguments = {'global': flexmock(dry_run=False), 'create': flexmock()}
@@ -32,7 +35,9 @@ def test_run_configuration_executes_hooks_for_create_action():
 
 def test_run_configuration_logs_actions_error():
     flexmock(module.borg_environment).should_receive('initialize')
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook')
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook')
+    flexmock(module.postgresql).should_receive('dump_databases')
+    flexmock(module.healthchecks).should_receive('ping_healthchecks')
     expected_results = [flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_error_log_records').and_return(expected_results)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('run_actions').and_raise(OSError)
@@ -46,7 +51,7 @@ def test_run_configuration_logs_actions_error():
 
 def test_run_configuration_logs_pre_hook_error():
     flexmock(module.borg_environment).should_receive('initialize')
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(OSError).and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(OSError).and_return(None)
     expected_results = [flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_error_log_records').and_return(expected_results)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('run_actions').never()
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ def test_run_configuration_logs_pre_hook_error():
 
 def test_run_configuration_logs_post_hook_error():
     flexmock(module.borg_environment).should_receive('initialize')
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').and_return(None).and_raise(
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').and_return(None).and_raise(
         OSError
     ).and_return(None)
     expected_results = [flexmock()]
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ def test_run_configuration_logs_post_hook_error():
 
 def test_run_configuration_logs_on_error_hook_error():
     flexmock(module.borg_environment).should_receive('initialize')
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(OSError)
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(OSError)
     expected_results = [flexmock(), flexmock()]
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_error_log_records').and_return(
         expected_results[:1]
@@ -148,7 +153,7 @@ def test_make_error_log_records_generates_nothing_for_other_error():
 
 
 def test_collect_configuration_run_summary_logs_info_for_success():
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').never()
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('run_configuration').and_return([])
     arguments = {}
 
@@ -208,7 +213,7 @@ def test_collect_configuration_run_summary_logs_missing_configs_error():
 
 
 def test_collect_configuration_run_summary_logs_pre_hook_error():
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(ValueError)
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').and_raise(ValueError)
     expected_logs = (flexmock(),)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_error_log_records').and_return(expected_logs)
     arguments = {'create': flexmock(), 'global': flexmock(dry_run=False)}
@@ -221,7 +226,7 @@ def test_collect_configuration_run_summary_logs_pre_hook_error():
 
 
 def test_collect_configuration_run_summary_logs_post_hook_error():
-    flexmock(module.hook).should_receive('execute_hook').and_return(None).and_raise(ValueError)
+    flexmock(module.command).should_receive('execute_hook').and_return(None).and_raise(ValueError)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('run_configuration').and_return([])
     expected_logs = (flexmock(),)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_error_log_records').and_return(expected_logs)

tests/unit/config/test_generate.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
+import pytest
 from flexmock import flexmock
 
 from borgmatic.config import generate as module
 
 
-def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_generates_config_with_examples():
+def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_generates_config_map_with_examples():
     flexmock(module.yaml.comments).should_receive('CommentedMap').replace_with(OrderedDict)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_comments_to_configuration')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_comments_to_configuration_map')
     schema = {
         'map': OrderedDict(
             [
@@ -35,3 +36,38 @@ def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_generates_config_with_examples():
             ('section2', OrderedDict([('field2', 'Example 2'), ('field3', 'Example 3')])),
         ]
     )
+
+
+def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_generates_config_sequence_of_strings_with_example():
+    flexmock(module.yaml.comments).should_receive('CommentedSeq').replace_with(list)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_comments_to_configuration_sequence')
+    schema = {'seq': [{'type': 'str'}], 'example': ['hi']}
+
+    config = module._schema_to_sample_configuration(schema)
+
+    assert config == ['hi']
+
+
+def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_generates_config_sequence_of_maps_with_examples():
+    flexmock(module.yaml.comments).should_receive('CommentedSeq').replace_with(list)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_comments_to_configuration_sequence')
+    schema = {
+        'seq': [
+            {
+                'map': OrderedDict(
+                    [('field1', {'example': 'Example 1'}), ('field2', {'example': 'Example 2'})]
+                )
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+
+    config = module._schema_to_sample_configuration(schema)
+
+    assert config == [OrderedDict([('field1', 'Example 1'), ('field2', 'Example 2')])]
+
+
+def test_schema_to_sample_configuration_with_unsupported_schema_raises():
+    schema = {'gobbledygook': [{'type': 'not-your'}]}
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module._schema_to_sample_configuration(schema)

tests/unit/config/test_validate.py

@@ -74,6 +74,27 @@ def test_apply_logical_validation_does_not_raise_otherwise():
     module.apply_logical_validation('config.yaml', {'retention': {'keep_secondly': 1000}})
 
 
+def test_remove_examples_strips_examples_from_map():
+    schema = {
+        'map': {
+            'foo': {'desc': 'thing1', 'example': 'bar'},
+            'baz': {'desc': 'thing2', 'example': 'quux'},
+        }
+    }
+
+    module.remove_examples(schema)
+
+    assert schema == {'map': {'foo': {'desc': 'thing1'}, 'baz': {'desc': 'thing2'}}}
+
+
+def test_remove_examples_strips_examples_from_sequence_of_maps():
+    schema = {'seq': [{'map': {'foo': {'desc': 'thing', 'example': 'bar'}}, 'example': 'stuff'}]}
+
+    module.remove_examples(schema)
+
+    assert schema == {'seq': [{'map': {'foo': {'desc': 'thing'}}}]}
+
+
 def test_guard_configuration_contains_repository_does_not_raise_when_repository_in_config():
     module.guard_configuration_contains_repository(
         repository='repo', configurations={'config.yaml': {'location': {'repositories': ['repo']}}}

tests/unit/hooks/test_command.py

@@ -2,10 +2,27 @@ import logging
 
 from flexmock import flexmock
 
-from borgmatic import hook as module
+from borgmatic.hooks import command as module
+
+
+def test_interpolate_context_passes_through_command_without_variable():
+    assert module.interpolate_context('ls', {'foo': 'bar'}) == 'ls'
+
+
+def test_interpolate_context_passes_through_command_with_unknown_variable():
+    assert module.interpolate_context('ls {baz}', {'foo': 'bar'}) == 'ls {baz}'
+
+
+def test_interpolate_context_interpolates_variables():
+    context = {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'quux'}
+
+    assert module.interpolate_context('ls {foo}{baz} {baz}', context) == 'ls barquux quux'
 
 
 def test_execute_hook_invokes_each_command():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interpolate_context').replace_with(
+        lambda command, context: command
+    )
     flexmock(module.execute).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         [':'], output_log_level=logging.WARNING, shell=True
     ).once()
@@ -14,6 +31,9 @@ def test_execute_hook_invokes_each_command():
 
 
 def test_execute_hook_with_multiple_commands_invokes_each_command():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interpolate_context').replace_with(
+        lambda command, context: command
+    )
     flexmock(module.execute).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         [':'], output_log_level=logging.WARNING, shell=True
     ).once()
@@ -25,6 +45,9 @@ def test_execute_hook_with_multiple_commands_invokes_each_command():
 
 
 def test_execute_hook_with_umask_sets_that_umask():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interpolate_context').replace_with(
+        lambda command, context: command
+    )
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('umask').with_args(0o77).and_return(0o22).once()
     flexmock(module.os).should_receive('umask').with_args(0o22).once()
     flexmock(module.execute).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
@@ -35,6 +58,9 @@ def test_execute_hook_with_umask_sets_that_umask():
 
 
 def test_execute_hook_with_dry_run_skips_commands():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interpolate_context').replace_with(
+        lambda command, context: command
+    )
     flexmock(module.execute).should_receive('execute_command').never()
 
     module.execute_hook([':', 'true'], None, 'config.yaml', 'pre-backup', dry_run=True)
@@ -45,6 +71,9 @@ def test_execute_hook_with_empty_commands_does_not_raise():
 
 
 def test_execute_hook_on_error_logs_as_error():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interpolate_context').replace_with(
+        lambda command, context: command
+    )
     flexmock(module.execute).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
         [':'], output_log_level=logging.ERROR, shell=True
     ).once()

tests/unit/hooks/test_cronitor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import cronitor as module
+
+
+def test_ping_cronitor_hits_ping_url():
+    ping_url = 'https://example.com'
+    append = 'failed-so-hard'
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').with_args('{}/{}'.format(ping_url, append))
+
+    module.ping_cronitor(ping_url, 'config.yaml', dry_run=False, append=append)
+
+
+def test_ping_cronitor_without_ping_url_does_not_raise():
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').never()
+
+    module.ping_cronitor(ping_url=None, config_filename='config.yaml', dry_run=False, append='oops')

tests/unit/hooks/test_healthchecks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import healthchecks as module
+
+
+def test_ping_healthchecks_hits_ping_url():
+    ping_url = 'https://example.com'
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').with_args(ping_url)
+
+    module.ping_healthchecks(ping_url, 'config.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_ping_healthchecks_without_ping_url_does_not_raise():
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').never()
+
+    module.ping_healthchecks(ping_url_or_uuid=None, config_filename='config.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_ping_healthchecks_with_ping_uuid_hits_corresponding_url():
+    ping_uuid = 'abcd-efgh-ijkl-mnop'
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').with_args(
+        'https://hc-ping.com/{}'.format(ping_uuid)
+    )
+
+    module.ping_healthchecks(ping_uuid, 'config.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_ping_healthchecks_hits_ping_url_with_append():
+    ping_url = 'https://example.com'
+    append = 'failed-so-hard'
+    flexmock(module.requests).should_receive('get').with_args('{}/{}'.format(ping_url, append))
+
+    module.ping_healthchecks(ping_url, 'config.yaml', dry_run=False, append=append)

tests/unit/hooks/test_postgresql.py

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+import pytest
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+from borgmatic.hooks import postgresql as module
+
+
+def test_make_database_dump_filename_uses_name_and_hostname():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
+
+    assert module.make_database_dump_filename('test', 'hostname') == 'databases/hostname/test'
+
+
+def test_make_database_dump_filename_without_hostname_defaults_to_localhost():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
+
+    assert module.make_database_dump_filename('test') == 'databases/localhost/test'
+
+
+def test_make_database_dump_filename_with_invalid_name_raises():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('databases')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        module.make_database_dump_filename('invalid/name')
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_for_each_database():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    for name in ('foo', 'bar'):
+        flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+            (
+                'pg_dump',
+                '--no-password',
+                '--clean',
+                '--file',
+                'databases/localhost/{}'.format(name),
+                '--format',
+                'custom',
+                name,
+            ),
+            extra_environment=None,
+        ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_with_dry_run_skips_pg_dump():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').never()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_without_databases_does_not_raise():
+    module.dump_databases([], 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_hostname_and_port():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/database.example.org/foo'
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_dump',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--file',
+            'databases/database.example.org/foo',
+            '--host',
+            'database.example.org',
+            '--port',
+            '5433',
+            '--format',
+            'custom',
+            'foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_username_and_password():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'postgres', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_dump',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--file',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+            '--username',
+            'postgres',
+            '--format',
+            'custom',
+            'foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'trustsome1'},
+    ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_format():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'format': 'tar'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_dump',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--file',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+            '--format',
+            'tar',
+            'foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dump_with_options():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'options': '--stuff=such'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_dump',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--file',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+            '--format',
+            'custom',
+            '--stuff=such',
+            'foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_dump_databases_runs_pg_dumpall_for_all_databases():
+    databases = [{'name': 'all'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/all'
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('makedirs')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('pg_dumpall', '--no-password', '--clean', '--file', 'databases/localhost/all'),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.dump_databases(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_remove_database_dumps_removes_dump_for_each_database():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('listdir').and_return([])
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('rmdir')
+
+    for name in ('foo', 'bar'):
+        flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').with_args(
+            'databases/localhost/{}'.format(name)
+        ).once()
+
+    module.remove_database_dumps(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_remove_database_dumps_with_dry_run_skips_removal():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('remove').never()
+
+    module.remove_database_dumps(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=True)
+
+
+def test_remove_database_dumps_without_databases_does_not_raise():
+    module.remove_database_dumps([], 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_make_database_dump_patterns_converts_names_to_glob_paths():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/*/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/*/bar')
+
+    assert module.make_database_dump_patterns(('foo', 'bar')) == [
+        'databases/*/foo',
+        'databases/*/bar',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_make_database_dump_patterns_treats_empty_names_as_matching_all_databases():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').with_args('*', '*').and_return(
+        'databases/*/*'
+    )
+
+    assert module.make_database_dump_patterns(()) == ['databases/*/*']
+
+
+def test_convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns_removes_leading_slash():
+    assert module.convert_glob_patterns_to_borg_patterns(('/etc/foo/bar',)) == ['sh:etc/foo/bar']
+
+
+def test_get_database_names_from_dumps_gets_names_from_filenames_matching_globs():
+    flexmock(module.glob).should_receive('glob').and_return(
+        ('databases/localhost/foo',)
+    ).and_return(('databases/localhost/bar',)).and_return(())
+
+    assert module.get_database_names_from_dumps(
+        ('databases/*/foo', 'databases/*/bar', 'databases/*/baz')
+    ) == ['foo', 'bar']
+
+
+def test_get_database_configurations_only_produces_named_databases():
+    databases = [
+        {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+        {'name': 'bar', 'hostname': 'example.com'},
+        {'name': 'baz', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+    ]
+
+    assert list(module.get_database_configurations(databases, ('foo', 'baz'))) == [
+        {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+        {'name': 'baz', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_database_configurations_matches_all_database():
+    databases = [
+        {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+        {'name': 'all', 'hostname': 'example.com'},
+    ]
+
+    assert list(module.get_database_configurations(databases, ('foo', 'bar', 'baz'))) == [
+        {'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'example.org'},
+        {'name': 'bar', 'hostname': 'example.com'},
+        {'name': 'baz', 'hostname': 'example.com'},
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_database_configurations_with_unknown_database_name_raises():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'example.org'}]
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        list(module.get_database_configurations(databases, ('foo', 'bar')))
+
+
+def test_restore_database_dumps_restores_each_database():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'bar'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+
+    for name in ('foo', 'bar'):
+        flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+            (
+                'pg_restore',
+                '--no-password',
+                '--clean',
+                '--if-exists',
+                '--exit-on-error',
+                '--dbname',
+                name,
+                'databases/localhost/{}'.format(name),
+            ),
+            extra_environment=None,
+        ).once()
+        flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+            ('psql', '--no-password', '--quiet', '--dbname', name, '--command', 'ANALYZE'),
+            extra_environment=None,
+        ).once()
+
+    module.restore_database_dumps(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_restore_database_dumps_without_databases_does_not_raise():
+    module.restore_database_dumps({}, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_restore_database_dumps_runs_pg_restore_with_hostname_and_port():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'hostname': 'database.example.org', 'port': 5433}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_restore',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--if-exists',
+            '--exit-on-error',
+            '--host',
+            'database.example.org',
+            '--port',
+            '5433',
+            '--dbname',
+            'foo',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'psql',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--quiet',
+            '--host',
+            'database.example.org',
+            '--port',
+            '5433',
+            '--dbname',
+            'foo',
+            '--command',
+            'ANALYZE',
+        ),
+        extra_environment=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_database_dumps(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)
+
+
+def test_restore_database_dumps_runs_pg_restore_with_username_and_password():
+    databases = [{'name': 'foo', 'username': 'postgres', 'password': 'trustsome1'}]
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_database_dump_filename').and_return(
+        'databases/localhost/foo'
+    ).and_return('databases/localhost/bar')
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'pg_restore',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--clean',
+            '--if-exists',
+            '--exit-on-error',
+            '--username',
+            'postgres',
+            '--dbname',
+            'foo',
+            'databases/localhost/foo',
+        ),
+        extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'trustsome1'},
+    ).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        (
+            'psql',
+            '--no-password',
+            '--quiet',
+            '--username',
+            'postgres',
+            '--dbname',
+            'foo',
+            '--command',
+            'ANALYZE',
+        ),
+        extra_environment={'PGPASSWORD': 'trustsome1'},
+    ).once()
+
+    module.restore_database_dumps(databases, 'test.yaml', dry_run=False)

tests/unit/test_execute.py

@@ -6,10 +6,54 @@ from flexmock import flexmock
 from borgmatic import execute as module
 
 
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_error_is_true():
+    assert module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 2)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_warning_is_false():
+    assert not module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 1)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_success_is_false():
+    assert not module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 0)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_error_and_error_on_warnings_is_true():
+    assert module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 2, error_on_warnings=True)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_warning_and_error_on_warnings_is_true():
+    assert module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 1, error_on_warnings=True)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_borg_success_and_error_on_warnings_is_false():
+    assert not module.exit_code_indicates_error(
+        ('/usr/bin/borg1', 'init'), 0, error_on_warnings=True
+    )
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_non_borg_error_is_true():
+    assert module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/command',), 2)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_non_borg_warning_is_true():
+    assert module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/command',), 1)
+
+
+def test_exit_code_indicates_error_with_non_borg_success_is_false():
+    assert not module.exit_code_indicates_error(('/usr/bin/command',), 0)
+
+
 def test_execute_command_calls_full_command():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_and_log_output').with_args(
-        full_command, output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=False
+        full_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
     ).once()
 
     output = module.execute_command(full_command)
@@ -19,8 +63,14 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command():
 
 def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_shell():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_and_log_output').with_args(
-        full_command, output_log_level=logging.INFO, shell=True
+        full_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=True,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
     ).once()
 
     output = module.execute_command(full_command, shell=True)
@@ -28,11 +78,63 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_shell():
     assert output is None
 
 
+def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_extra_environment():
+    full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_and_log_output').with_args(
+        full_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment={'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=False,
+    ).once()
+
+    output = module.execute_command(full_command, extra_environment={'c': 'd'})
+
+    assert output is None
+
+
+def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_working_directory():
+    full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_and_log_output').with_args(
+        full_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory='/working',
+        error_on_warnings=False,
+    ).once()
+
+    output = module.execute_command(full_command, working_directory='/working')
+
+    assert output is None
+
+
+def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_error_on_warnings():
+    full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_and_log_output').with_args(
+        full_command,
+        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+        shell=False,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        error_on_warnings=True,
+    ).once()
+
+    output = module.execute_command(full_command, error_on_warnings=True)
+
+    assert output is None
+
+
 def test_execute_command_captures_output():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
     expected_output = '[]'
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
     flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
-        full_command, shell=False
+        full_command, shell=False, env=None, cwd=None
     ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
 
     output = module.execute_command(full_command, output_log_level=None)
@@ -43,8 +145,9 @@ def test_execute_command_captures_output():
 def test_execute_command_captures_output_with_shell():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
     expected_output = '[]'
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
     flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
-        full_command, shell=True
+        full_command, shell=True, env=None, cwd=None
     ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
 
     output = module.execute_command(full_command, output_log_level=None, shell=True)
@@ -52,6 +155,36 @@ def test_execute_command_captures_output_with_shell():
     assert output == expected_output
 
 
+def test_execute_command_captures_output_with_extra_environment():
+    full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    expected_output = '[]'
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+        full_command, shell=False, env={'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'}, cwd=None
+    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+
+    output = module.execute_command(
+        full_command, output_log_level=None, shell=False, extra_environment={'c': 'd'}
+    )
+
+    assert output == expected_output
+
+
+def test_execute_command_captures_output_with_working_directory():
+    full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
+    expected_output = '[]'
+    flexmock(module.os, environ={'a': 'b'})
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+        full_command, shell=False, env=None, cwd='/working'
+    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+
+    output = module.execute_command(
+        full_command, output_log_level=None, shell=False, working_directory='/working'
+    )
+
+    assert output == expected_output
+
+
 def test_execute_command_without_capture_does_not_raise_on_success():
     flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_call').and_raise(
         module.subprocess.CalledProcessError(0, 'borg init')
@@ -61,6 +194,7 @@ def test_execute_command_without_capture_does_not_raise_on_success():
 
 
 def test_execute_command_without_capture_does_not_raise_on_warning():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_call').and_raise(
         module.subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, 'borg init')
     )
@@ -69,6 +203,7 @@ def test_execute_command_without_capture_does_not_raise_on_warning():
 
 
 def test_execute_command_without_capture_raises_on_error():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_call').and_raise(
         module.subprocess.CalledProcessError(2, 'borg init')
     )

tests/unit/test_logger.py

@@ -193,3 +193,33 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_syslog_if_interactive_console():
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
 
     module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO)
+
+
+def test_configure_logging_to_logfile_instead_of_syslog():
+    # syslog skipped in non-interactive console if --log-file argument provided
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
+        level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=tuple
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
+    file_handler = logging.FileHandler('/tmp/logfile')
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('FileHandler').with_args('/tmp/logfile').and_return(
+        file_handler
+    ).once()
+
+    module.configure_logging(
+        console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file_log_level=logging.DEBUG, log_file='/tmp/logfile'
+    )
+
+
+def test_configure_logging_skips_logfile_if_argument_is_none():
+    # No FileHandler added if argument --log-file is None
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
+        level=logging.INFO, handlers=tuple
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('FileHandler').never()
+
+    module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file=None)

tests/unit/test_verbosity.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ def insert_logging_mock(log_level):
 def test_verbosity_to_log_level_maps_known_verbosity_to_log_level():
     assert module.verbosity_to_log_level(module.VERBOSITY_SOME) == logging.INFO
     assert module.verbosity_to_log_level(module.VERBOSITY_LOTS) == logging.DEBUG
+    assert module.verbosity_to_log_level(module.VERBOSITY_ERROR) == logging.ERROR
 
 
 def test_verbosity_to_log_level_maps_unknown_verbosity_to_warning_level():

tox.ini

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py35,py36,py37
+envlist = py35,py36,py37,py38
 skip_missing_interpreters = True
 skipsdist = True
-minversion = 3.10.0
+minversion = 3.14.0
 
 [testenv]
 usedevelop = True
@@ -10,20 +10,17 @@ deps = -rtest_requirements.txt
 whitelist_externals = 
     find
     sh
-install_command =
-    sh scripts/pip {opts} {packages}
 commands_pre =
     find {toxinidir} -type f -not -path '{toxinidir}/.tox/*' -path '*/__pycache__/*' -name '*.py[c|o]' -delete
 commands =
     pytest {posargs}
-    py36,py37: black --check .
+    py36,py37,py38: black --check .
     isort --recursive --check-only --settings-path setup.cfg .
     flake8 borgmatic tests
 
 [testenv:black]
-basepython = python3.7
 commands =
-    black {posargs} .
+    py36,py37,py38: black {posargs} .
 
 [testenv:test]
 commands =