Elevate command stderr to error logs, add "--log-json" support for borgmatic logs, and log Borg output at varying log levels based on verbosities (#485, #858, #1204).

Reviewed-on: https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/pulls/1207

NEWS

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-2.0.14.dev0
+2.1.0.dev0
+ * #485: When running commands (database clients, command hooks, etc.), elevate stderr output to
+   show up as borgmatic error logs.
+ * #858: With the "--log-json" flag, log borgmatic's own logs as JSON, not just Borg's.
+ * #1204: When verbosity levels differ between console/monitoring/syslog/file, log Borg's output to
+   each one at a different level. Previously, it was logged at the maximum level of all the
+   verbosities.
  * #1208: Fix for the "restore" action incorrectly extracting more database dumps than the
    "--database" flag specifies.
  * #1210: Fix an error when running the "spot" check or "extract" action with the "progress" option
@@ -6,6 +12,9 @@
  * #1211: Fix an error about the runtime directory getting excluded by tweaking its logic and
    lowering the error to a warning.
  * #1212: Fix an error when restoring multiple directory-format database dumps at once.
+ * When syslog verbosity is enabled, log to systemd's journal (if present) with
+   structured data. See the documentation for more information:
+   https://torsion.org/borgmatic/reference/command-line/logging/#systemd-journal
 
 2.0.13
  * #1054: Allow the Btrfs hook to create and delete snapshots even when running

borgmatic/borg/break_lock.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def break_lock(
         (local_path, 'break-lock')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/change_passphrase.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def change_passphrase(
         (local_path, 'key', 'change-passphrase')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/check.py

@@ -176,7 +176,13 @@ def check_archives(
             + make_check_name_flags(checks_subset, archive_filter_flags)
             + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
             + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-            + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+            + (
+                ('--log-json',)
+                if (
+                    config.get('log_json') or not (check_arguments.repair or config.get('progress'))
+                )
+                else ()
+            )
             + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
             + verbosity_flags
             + (('--progress',) if config.get('progress') else ())

borgmatic/borg/compact.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def compact_segments(
         (local_path, 'compact')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if (config.get('log_json') or not config.get('progress')) else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--progress',) if config.get('progress') else ())
         + (('--cleanup-commits',) if cleanup_commits else ())

borgmatic/borg/create.py

@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ def make_base_create_command(
         + (('--files-cache', files_cache) if files_cache else ())
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if (config.get('log_json') or not config.get('progress')) else ())
         + (
             ('--list', '--filter', list_filter_flags)
             if config.get('list_details') and not json and not config.get('progress')

borgmatic/borg/delete.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def make_delete_command(
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('dry-run', global_arguments.dry_run)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('list', config.get('list_details'))
         + (

borgmatic/borg/export_key.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def export_key(
         (local_path, 'key', 'export')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/export_tar.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def export_tar_archive(
         (local_path, 'export-tar')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--list',) if config.get('list_details') else ())

borgmatic/borg/extract.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def extract_last_archive_dry_run(
     full_extract_command = (
         (local_path, 'extract', '--dry-run')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + verbosity_flags
         + list_flag
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def extract_archive(
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + numeric_ids_flags
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + (('--log-json',) if (config.get('log_json') or not config.get('progress')) else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--list', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/import_key.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def import_key(
         (local_path, 'key', 'import')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/info.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def make_info_command(
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + (
             (

borgmatic/borg/list.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def make_list_command(
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + flags.make_flags('format', list_arguments.format or config.get('file_list_format'))
         + flags.make_flags_from_arguments(list_arguments, excludes=MAKE_FLAGS_EXCLUDES)

borgmatic/borg/mount.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def mount_archive(
         (local_path, 'mount')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/prune.py

@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ def prune_archives(
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'prune')
         + make_prune_flags(config, prune_arguments, local_borg_version)
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (
             ('--stats',)

borgmatic/borg/recreate.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def recreate_archive(
     recreate_command = (
         (local_path, 'recreate')
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait is not None else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())

borgmatic/borg/rename.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import shlex
 
+import borgmatic.borg.environment
 import borgmatic.borg.flags
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ def make_rename_command(
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('dry-run', dry_run)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + (tuple(shlex.split(extra_borg_options)) if extra_borg_options else ())
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_repository_archive_flags(

borgmatic/borg/repo_create.py

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ def create_repository(
             if feature.available(feature.Feature.REPO_CREATE, local_borg_version)
             else ('init',)
         )
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--encryption', encryption_mode) if encryption_mode else ())
         + (('--other-repo', source_repository) if source_repository else ())
         + (('--copy-crypt-key',) if copy_crypt_key else ())
@@ -89,7 +90,6 @@ def create_repository(
         + (('--make-parent-dirs',) if make_parent_directories else ())
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug',) if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
-        + (('--log-json',) if config.get('log_json') else ())
         + (('--lock-wait', str(lock_wait)) if lock_wait else ())
         + (('--remote-path', remote_path) if remote_path else ())
         + (('--umask', str(umask)) if umask else ())

borgmatic/borg/repo_delete.py

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def make_repo_delete_command(
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('dry-run', global_arguments.dry_run)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + borgmatic.borg.flags.make_flags('list', config.get('list_details'))
         + (

borgmatic/borg/repo_info.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def display_repository_info(
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', lock_wait)
         + (('--json',) if repo_info_arguments.json else ())
         + (tuple(shlex.split(extra_borg_options)) if extra_borg_options else ())

borgmatic/borg/repo_list.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def get_latest_archive(
         ),
         *flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path),
         *flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask')),
-        *flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json')),
+        *('--log-json',),
         *flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait')),
         *(
             flags.make_flags('consider-checkpoints', consider_checkpoints)
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def make_repo_list_command(
         )
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + (
             (

borgmatic/borg/transfer.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def transfer_archives(
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + flags.make_flags('remote-path', remote_path)
         + flags.make_flags('umask', config.get('umask'))
-        + flags.make_flags('log-json', config.get('log_json'))
+        + (('--log-json',) if (config.get('log_json') or not config.get('progress')) else ())
         + flags.make_flags('lock-wait', config.get('lock_wait'))
         + flags.make_flags('progress', config.get('progress'))
         + (

borgmatic/borg/umount.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ def unmount_archive(config, mount_point, local_path='borg'):
     extra_borg_options = config.get('extra_borg_options', {}).get('umount', '')
     full_command = (
         (local_path, 'umount')
+        + ('--log-json',)
         + (('--info',) if logger.getEffectiveLevel() == logging.INFO else ())
         + (('--debug', '--show-rc') if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) else ())
         + (tuple(shlex.split(extra_borg_options)) if extra_borg_options else ())

borgmatic/commands/borgmatic.py

@@ -660,6 +660,7 @@ def load_configurations(config_filenames, arguments, overrides=None, resolve_env
                         levelno=logging.DEBUG,
                         levelname='DEBUG',
                         msg=f'{config_filename}: Loading configuration file',
+                        name=logger.name,
                     ),
                 ),
             ],
@@ -682,6 +683,7 @@ def load_configurations(config_filenames, arguments, overrides=None, resolve_env
                             levelno=logging.CRITICAL,
                             levelname='CRITICAL',
                             msg=f'{config_filename}: Insufficient permissions to read configuration file',
+                            name=logger.name,
                         ),
                     ),
                 ],
@@ -694,10 +696,16 @@ def load_configurations(config_filenames, arguments, overrides=None, resolve_env
                             levelno=logging.CRITICAL,
                             levelname='CRITICAL',
                             msg=f'{config_filename}: Error parsing configuration file',
+                            name=logger.name,
                         ),
                     ),
                     logging.makeLogRecord(
-                        dict(levelno=logging.CRITICAL, levelname='CRITICAL', msg=str(error)),
+                        dict(
+                            levelno=logging.CRITICAL,
+                            levelname='CRITICAL',
+                            msg=str(error),
+                            name=logger.name,
+                        ),
                     ),
                 ],
             )
@@ -710,7 +718,7 @@ def log_record(suppress_log=False, **kwargs):
     Create a log record based on the given makeLogRecord() arguments, one of which must be
     named "levelno". Log the record (unless suppress log is set) and return it.
     '''
-    record = logging.makeLogRecord(kwargs)
+    record = logging.makeLogRecord(dict(kwargs, name=logger.name))
     if suppress_log:
         return record
 
@@ -823,6 +831,7 @@ def collect_highlander_action_summary_logs(configs, arguments, configuration_par
                     levelno=logging.ANSWER,
                     levelname='ANSWER',
                     msg='Bootstrap successful',
+                    name=logger.name,
                 ),
             )
         except (
@@ -845,6 +854,7 @@ def collect_highlander_action_summary_logs(configs, arguments, configuration_par
                     levelno=logging.ANSWER,
                     levelname='ANSWER',
                     msg='Generate successful',
+                    name=logger.name,
                 ),
             )
         except (
@@ -863,6 +873,7 @@ def collect_highlander_action_summary_logs(configs, arguments, configuration_par
                     levelno=logging.CRITICAL,
                     levelname='CRITICAL',
                     msg='Configuration validation failed',
+                    name=logger.name,
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -876,6 +887,7 @@ def collect_highlander_action_summary_logs(configs, arguments, configuration_par
                     levelno=logging.ANSWER,
                     levelname='ANSWER',
                     msg='All configuration files are valid',
+                    name=logger.name,
                 ),
             )
         except (
@@ -968,6 +980,7 @@ def collect_configuration_run_summary_logs(configs, config_paths, arguments, log
                         levelno=logging.INFO,
                         levelname='INFO',
                         msg=f'{config_filename}: Successfully ran configuration file',
+                        name=logger.name,
                     ),
                 )
                 if results:
@@ -1067,6 +1080,23 @@ def get_singular_option_value(configs, option_name):
         return None
 
 
+def display_summary(summary_logs, log_json):  # pragma: no cover
+    summary_logs_max_level = max(log.levelno for log in summary_logs)
+
+    for message in ('summary:',) if log_json else ('', 'summary:'):
+        log_record(
+            levelno=summary_logs_max_level,
+            levelname=logging.getLevelName(summary_logs_max_level),
+            msg=message,
+        )
+
+    for log in summary_logs:
+        logger.handle(log)
+
+    if summary_logs_max_level >= logging.CRITICAL:
+        exit_with_help_link()
+
+
 def main(extra_summary_logs=()):  # pragma: no cover
     configure_signals()
     configure_delayed_logging()
@@ -1126,6 +1156,7 @@ def main(extra_summary_logs=()):  # pragma: no cover
         getattr(sub_arguments, 'json', False) for sub_arguments in arguments.values()
     )
     log_file_path = get_singular_option_value(configs, 'log_file')
+    log_json = get_singular_option_value(configs, 'log_json')
 
     try:
         configure_logging(
@@ -1135,7 +1166,8 @@ def main(extra_summary_logs=()):  # pragma: no cover
             verbosity_to_log_level(get_verbosity(configs, 'monitoring_verbosity')),
             log_file_path,
             get_singular_option_value(configs, 'log_file_format'),
-            color_enabled=should_do_markup(configs, any_json_flags),
+            log_json,
+            color_enabled=should_do_markup(configs, any_json_flags or log_json),
         )
     except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError) as error:
         configure_logging(logging.CRITICAL)
@@ -1163,17 +1195,5 @@ def main(extra_summary_logs=()):  # pragma: no cover
             )
         )
     )
-    summary_logs_max_level = max(log.levelno for log in summary_logs)
 
-    for message in ('', 'summary:'):
-        log_record(
-            levelno=summary_logs_max_level,
-            levelname=logging.getLevelName(summary_logs_max_level),
-            msg=message,
-        )
-
-    for log in summary_logs:
-        logger.handle(log)
-
-    if summary_logs_max_level >= logging.CRITICAL:
-        exit_with_help_link()
+    display_summary(summary_logs, log_json)

borgmatic/execute.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import collections
+import contextlib
 import enum
+import json
 import logging
 import select
 import subprocess
@@ -78,55 +80,121 @@ def command_for_process(process):
     return process.args if isinstance(process.args, str) else ' '.join(process.args)
 
 
-def output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts):
+def output_buffers_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts):
     '''
     Given a process as an instance of subprocess.Popen and a sequence of stdouts to exclude, return
-    either the process's stdout or stderr. The idea is that if stdout is excluded for a process, we
-    still have stderr to log.
+    the process stdout and stderr as a tuple—but exclude the stdout if it's in the given stdouts to
+    exclude.
     '''
-    return process.stderr if process.stdout in exclude_stdouts else process.stdout
+    return tuple(
+        buffer for buffer in (process.stdout, process.stderr) if buffer not in exclude_stdouts
+    )
 
 
-def append_last_lines(last_lines, captured_output, line, output_log_level):
+def borg_log_line_to_record(line, log_level):
     '''
-    Given a rolling list of last lines, a list of captured output, a line to append, and an output
-    log level, append the line to the last lines and (if necessary) the captured output. Then log
-    the line at the requested output log level.
+    Given a single Borg log entry and a log level, return the line converted to a logging.LogRecord
+    instance.
+
+    If it can't be parsed, then fall back to making a record out of the raw line and the given log
+    level.
     '''
-    last_lines.append(line)
+    with contextlib.suppress(json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, KeyError, AttributeError):
+        log_data = json.loads(line)
+
+        return logging.makeLogRecord(
+            dict(
+                levelno=logging._nameToLevel.get(log_data.get('levelname')),
+                created=log_data.get('time'),
+                msg=log_data.get('message'),
+                levelname=log_data.get('levelname'),
+                name=log_data.get('name'),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return log_line_to_record(line, log_level)
+
+
+def log_line_to_record(line, log_level):
+    '''
+    Given a log data dict for a single Borg log entry and a log level, return it converted to a
+    logging.LogRecord instance.
+    '''
+    return logging.makeLogRecord(
+        dict(
+            msg=line,
+            levelno=log_level,
+            levelname=logging.getLevelName(log_level),
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def parse_log_line(line, log_level, came_from_stderr, borg_local_path, command):
+    '''
+    Given a raw output line from an external program, whether this line came from stderr, the Borg
+    local path, and the command as a sequence, return a logging.LogRecord instance containing its
+    parsed data.
+
+    If the command being run is Borg, and the log line is JSON-formatted log data, then grab the log
+    level from it and log the parsed JSON to be consumed later by a Python logging.Formatter.
+
+    But for non-Borg commands, elevate stderr-sourced logs to ERROR. The one exception is if the log
+    came from stderr and the string "warning:" appears at the start of the log line. In that case,
+    just elevate the log level to a WARN.
+    '''
+    if borg_local_path and command[0] == borg_local_path:
+        return borg_log_line_to_record(line, log_level)
+
+    if came_from_stderr:
+        return log_line_to_record(
+            line, logging.WARNING if line.lower().startswith('warning:') else logging.ERROR
+        )
+
+    return log_line_to_record(line, log_level)
+
+
+def handle_log_record(log_record, last_lines, captured_output):
+    '''
+    Given a log record to be logged, a rolling list of last lines, and a list of captured output,
+    append the record's message to the last lines and (if its log level is None) the captured
+    output. Then log the line.
+    '''
+    log_message = log_record.getMessage()
+    last_lines.append(log_message)
 
     if len(last_lines) > ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
         last_lines.pop(0)
 
-    if output_log_level is None:
-        captured_output.append(line)
-    else:
-        logger.log(output_log_level, line)
+    if log_record.levelno is None:
+        captured_output.append(log_message)
+        return
+
+    logger.handle(log_record)
 
 
 def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path, borg_exit_codes):  # noqa: PLR0912
     '''
-    Given a sequence of subprocess.Popen() instances for multiple processes, log the output for each
-    process with the requested log level. Additionally, raise a CalledProcessError if a process
-    exits with an error (or a warning for exit code 1, if that process does not match the Borg local
-    path).
+    Given a sequence of subprocess.Popen() instances for multiple processes, log the outputs (stderr
+    and stdout). Use the requested output log level for stdout, but always log stderr to the ERROR
+    log level. Additionally, raise a CalledProcessError if a process exits with an error (or a
+    warning for exit code 1, if that process does not match the Borg local path).
 
-    If output log level is None, then instead of logging, capture output for each process and return
-    it as a dict from the process to its output. Use the given Borg local path and exit code
-    configuration to decide what's an error and what's a warning.
+    If the output log level is None, then instead of logging, capture output for each process and
+    return it as a dict from the process to its output. If the output log level is not None, return
+    an empty dict.
 
-    For simplicity, it's assumed that the output buffer for each process is its stdout. But if any
-    stdouts are given to exclude, then for any matching processes, log from their stderr instead.
-
-    Note that stdout for a process can be None if output is intentionally not captured. In which
-    case it won't be logged.
+    Use the given Borg local path and exit code configuration to decide what's an error and what's a
+    warning. If any stdouts are given to exclude, then for any matching processes, ignore those
+    buffers. Also note that stdout for a process can be None if output is intentionally not
+    captured, in which case it won't be logged.
     '''
     # Map from output buffer to sequence of last lines.
     buffer_last_lines = collections.defaultdict(list)
     process_for_output_buffer = {
-        output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts): process
+        buffer: process
         for process in processes
         if process.stdout or process.stderr
+        for buffer in output_buffers_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts)
     }
     output_buffers = list(process_for_output_buffer.keys())
     captured_outputs = collections.defaultdict(list)
@@ -158,13 +226,24 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path, b
                     if not line or not ready_process:
                         break
 
-                    # Keep the last few lines of output in case the process errors, and we need the
+                    command = (
+                        ready_process.args.split(' ')
+                        if isinstance(ready_process.args, str)
+                        else ready_process.args
+                    )
+
+                    # Keep the last few lines of output in case the process errors and we need the
                     # output for the exception below.
-                    append_last_lines(
-                        buffer_last_lines[ready_buffer],
-                        captured_outputs[ready_process],
-                        line,
-                        output_log_level,
+                    handle_log_record(
+                        parse_log_line(
+                            line=line,
+                            log_level=output_log_level,
+                            came_from_stderr=(ready_buffer == ready_process.stderr),
+                            borg_local_path=borg_local_path,
+                            command=command,
+                        ),
+                        last_lines=buffer_last_lines[ready_buffer],
+                        captured_output=captured_outputs[ready_process],
                     )
 
         if not still_running:
@@ -186,21 +265,26 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path, b
             if exit_status in {Exit_status.ERROR, Exit_status.WARNING}:
                 # If an error occurs, include its output in the raised exception so that we don't
                 # inadvertently hide error output.
-                output_buffer = output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts)
-                last_lines = buffer_last_lines[output_buffer] if output_buffer else []
+                for output_buffer in output_buffers_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts):
+                    last_lines = buffer_last_lines[output_buffer] if output_buffer else []
 
-                # Collect any straggling output lines that came in since we last gathered output.
-                while output_buffer:  # pragma: no cover
-                    line = output_buffer.readline().rstrip().decode()
-                    if not line:
-                        break
+                    # Collect any straggling output lines that came in since we last gathered output.
+                    while output_buffer:  # pragma: no cover
+                        line = output_buffer.readline().rstrip().decode()
+                        if not line:
+                            break
 
-                    append_last_lines(
-                        last_lines,
-                        captured_outputs[process],
-                        line,
-                        output_log_level,
-                    )
+                        handle_log_record(
+                            parse_log_line(
+                                line=line,
+                                log_level=output_log_level,
+                                came_from_stderr=(output_buffer == process.stderr),
+                                borg_local_path=borg_local_path,
+                                command=command,
+                            ),
+                            last_lines=last_lines,
+                            captured_output=captured_outputs[process],
+                        )
 
                 if len(last_lines) == ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT:
                     last_lines.insert(0, '...')
@@ -222,12 +306,12 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path, b
                 still_running = False
                 break
 
-    if captured_outputs:
+    if output_log_level is None:
         return {
             process: '\n'.join(output_lines) for process, output_lines in captured_outputs.items()
         }
 
-    return None
+    return {}
 
 
 SECRET_COMMAND_FLAG_NAMES = {'--password'}
@@ -300,16 +384,16 @@ def execute_command(
     close_fds=False,  # Necessary for passing credentials via anonymous pipe.
 ):
     '''
-    Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its output at the
-    given log level. If an open output file object is given, then write stdout to the file and only
-    log stderr. If an open input file object is given, then read stdin from the file. If shell is
-    True, execute the command within a shell. If an environment variables dict is given, then pass
-    it into the command. If a working directory is given, use that as the present working directory
-    when running the command. If a Borg local path is given, and the command matches it (regardless
-    of arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning instead of an error. But if Borg exit codes are
-    given as a sequence of exit code configuration dicts, then use that configuration to decide
-    what's an error and what's a warning. If run to completion is False, then return the process for
-    the command without executing it to completion.
+    Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its stdout output at
+    the given log level. If an open output file object is given, then write stdout to the file and
+    only log stderr. If an open input file object is given, then read stdin from the file. If shell
+    is True, execute the command within a shell. If an environment variables dict is given, then
+    pass it into the command. If a working directory is given, use that as the present working
+    directory when running the command. If a Borg local path is given, and the command matches it
+    (regardless of arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning instead of an error. But if Borg exit
+    codes are given as a sequence of exit code configuration dicts, then use that configuration to
+    decide what's an error and what's a warning. If run to completion is False, then return the
+    process for the command without executing it to completion.
 
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs while running the command.
     '''
@@ -321,7 +405,7 @@ def execute_command(
         command,
         stdin=input_file,
         stdout=None if do_not_capture else (output_file or subprocess.PIPE),
-        stderr=None if do_not_capture else (subprocess.PIPE if output_file else subprocess.STDOUT),
+        stderr=None if do_not_capture else subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=shell,
         env=environment,
         cwd=working_directory,
@@ -355,14 +439,14 @@ def execute_command_and_capture_output(
 ):
     '''
     Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings), capturing and returning its
-    output (stdout). If an input file descriptor is given, then pipe it to the command's stdin. If
-    capture stderr is True, then capture and return stderr in addition to stdout. If shell is True,
-    execute the command within a shell. If an environment variables dict is given, then pass it into
-    the command. If a working directory is given, use that as the present working directory when
-    running the command. If a Borg local path is given, and the command matches it (regardless of
-    arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning instead of an error. But if Borg exit codes are given
-    as a sequence of exit code configuration dicts, then use that configuration to decide what's an
-    error and what's a warning.
+    output (stdout) as a string. If an input file descriptor is given, then pipe it to the command's
+    stdin. If capture stderr is True, then capture and return stderr in addition to stdout. If shell
+    is True, execute the command within a shell. If an environment variables dict is given, then
+    pass it into the command. If a working directory is given, use that as the present working
+    directory when running the command. If a Borg local path is given, and the command matches it
+    (regardless of arguments), treat exit code 1 as a warning instead of an error. But if Borg exit
+    codes are given as a sequence of exit code configuration dicts, then use that configuration to
+    decide what's an error and what's a warning.
 
     Raise subprocesses.CalledProcessError if an error occurs while running the command.
     '''
@@ -370,10 +454,11 @@ def execute_command_and_capture_output(
     command = ' '.join(full_command) if shell else full_command
 
     try:
-        output = subprocess.check_output(  # noqa: S603
+        process = subprocess.Popen(  # noqa: S603
             command,
             stdin=input_file,
-            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if capture_stderr else None,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
             shell=shell,
             env=environment,
             cwd=working_directory,
@@ -386,9 +471,18 @@ def execute_command_and_capture_output(
         ):
             raise
 
-        output = error.output
+        return error.output.decode() if error.output is not None else None
 
-    return output.decode() if output is not None else None
+    with borgmatic.logger.Log_prefix(None):  # Log command output without any prefix.
+        captured_outputs = log_outputs(
+            (process,),
+            (input_file,),
+            None,
+            borg_local_path,
+            borg_exit_codes,
+        )
+
+    return captured_outputs.get(process, '')
 
 
 def execute_command_with_processes(
@@ -405,8 +499,8 @@ def execute_command_with_processes(
     close_fds=False,  # Necessary for passing credentials via anonymous pipe.
 ):
     '''
-    Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its output at the
-    given log level. Simultaneously, continue to poll one or more active processes so that they
+    Execute the given command (a sequence of command/argument strings) and log its stdout output at
+    the given log level. Simultaneously, continue to poll one or more active processes so that they
     run as well. This is useful, for instance, for processes that are streaming output to a named
     pipe that the given command is consuming from.
 
@@ -432,9 +526,7 @@ def execute_command_with_processes(
             command,
             stdin=input_file,
             stdout=None if do_not_capture else (output_file or subprocess.PIPE),
-            stderr=(
-                None if do_not_capture else (subprocess.PIPE if output_file else subprocess.STDOUT)
-            ),
+            stderr=None if do_not_capture else subprocess.PIPE,
             shell=shell,
             env=environment,
             cwd=working_directory,
@@ -460,6 +552,6 @@ def execute_command_with_processes(
         )
 
     if output_log_level is None:
-        return captured_outputs.get(command_process)
+        return captured_outputs.get(command_process, '')
 
     return None

borgmatic/logger.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import enum
+import json
 import logging
 import logging.handlers
 import os
+import socket
 import sys
 
 
@@ -85,6 +87,57 @@ class Multi_stream_handler(logging.Handler):
             handler.setLevel(level)
 
 
+DEFAULT_JOURNALD_PRIORITY = 6
+
+
+class JournaldHandler(logging.Handler):
+    def __init__(self, journald_socket_path):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        add_custom_log_levels()
+
+        self.journald_socket_path = journald_socket_path
+        self.log_level_to_journald_priority = {
+            logging.CRITICAL: 2,
+            logging.ERROR: 3,
+            logging.WARNING: 4,
+            logging.ANSWER: 5,
+            logging.INFO: 6,
+            logging.DEBUG: 7,
+        }
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+        try:
+            message_parts = []
+            entry = dict(
+                MESSAGE=record.getMessage(),
+                PRIORITY=self.log_level_to_journald_priority.get(
+                    record.levelno, DEFAULT_JOURNALD_PRIORITY
+                ),
+                SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER='borgmatic',
+                SYSLOG_PID=os.getpid(),
+            )
+
+            for key, value in entry.items():
+                encoded_key = key.upper().encode('utf-8')
+                encoded_value = str(value).encode('utf-8')
+
+                # Multi-line and single-line values use different formats on the wire.
+                if b'\n' in encoded_value:
+                    message_parts.extend((encoded_key, b'\n'))
+                    message_parts.extend(
+                        (len(encoded_value).to_bytes(8, 'little'), encoded_value, b'\n')
+                    )
+                else:
+                    message_parts.extend((encoded_key, b'=', encoded_value, b'\n'))
+
+            sock.sendto(b''.join(message_parts), self.journald_socket_path)
+        finally:
+            sock.close()
+
+
 class Log_prefix_formatter(logging.Formatter):
     def __init__(self, fmt='{prefix}{message}', *args, style='{', **kwargs):
         self.prefix = None
@@ -97,6 +150,29 @@ class Log_prefix_formatter(logging.Formatter):
         return super().format(record)
 
 
+def log_record_to_json(record):
+    '''
+    Given a logging.LogRecord, return it as a JSON-encoded string containing relevant attributes.
+    '''
+    return json.dumps(
+        dict(
+            type='log_message',
+            time=record.created,
+            message=record.getMessage(),
+            levelname=record.levelname,
+            name=record.name,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+class Json_formatter(logging.Formatter):
+    def __init__(self, fmt='{message}', *args, style='{', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, fmt=fmt, style=style, **kwargs)
+
+    def format(self, record):  # noqa: PLR6301
+        return log_record_to_json(record)
+
+
 class Color(enum.Enum):
     RESET = 0
     RED = 31
@@ -321,6 +397,10 @@ def flush_delayed_logging(target_handlers):
         root_logger.removeHandler(delayed_handler)
 
 
+JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH = '/run/systemd/journal/socket'
+SYSLOG_PATHS = ('/dev/log', '/var/run/syslog', '/var/run/log')
+
+
 def configure_logging(
     console_log_level,
     syslog_log_level=None,
@@ -328,6 +408,7 @@ def configure_logging(
     monitoring_log_level=None,
     log_file=None,
     log_file_format=None,
+    log_json=False,
     color_enabled=True,
 ):
     '''
@@ -364,7 +445,9 @@ def configure_logging(
         },
     )
 
-    if color_enabled:
+    if log_json:
+        console_handler.setFormatter(Json_formatter())
+    elif color_enabled:
         console_handler.setFormatter(Console_color_formatter())
     else:
         console_handler.setFormatter(Log_prefix_formatter())
@@ -373,29 +456,32 @@ def configure_logging(
     handlers = [console_handler]
 
     if syslog_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
-        syslog_path = None
-
-        if os.path.exists('/dev/log'):
-            syslog_path = '/dev/log'
-        elif os.path.exists('/var/run/syslog'):
-            syslog_path = '/var/run/syslog'
-        elif os.path.exists('/var/run/log'):
-            syslog_path = '/var/run/log'
-
-        if syslog_path:
-            syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
-            syslog_handler.setFormatter(
-                Log_prefix_formatter(
-                    'borgmatic: {levelname} {prefix}{message}',
-                ),
+        if os.path.exists(JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH):
+            journald_handler = JournaldHandler(JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH)
+            journald_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
+            handlers.append(journald_handler)
+        else:
+            syslog_path = next(
+                (path for path in SYSLOG_PATHS if os.path.exists(path)),
+                None,
             )
-            syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
-            handlers.append(syslog_handler)
+
+            if syslog_path:
+                syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=syslog_path)
+                syslog_handler.setFormatter(
+                    Log_prefix_formatter(
+                        'borgmatic: {levelname} {prefix}{message}',
+                    ),
+                )
+                syslog_handler.setLevel(syslog_log_level)
+                handlers.append(syslog_handler)
 
     if log_file and log_file_log_level != logging.DISABLED:
         file_handler = logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler(log_file)
         file_handler.setFormatter(
-            Log_prefix_formatter(
+            Json_formatter()
+            if log_json
+            else Log_prefix_formatter(
                 log_file_format or '[{asctime}] {levelname}: {prefix}{message}',
             ),
         )

docs/reference/command-line/logging.md

@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ Additionally, for the `create` action in particular, you can include the
 that are new or changed since the last backup.
 
 
+### JSON logging
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 2.1.0</span>With the
+`--log-json` flag, borgmatic logs both its own logs and Borg's output as JSON.
+The `--log-json` flag applies to console output and any log file (see below).
+
+
 ## Logging to syslog
 
 By default, borgmatic only logs its output to the console. You can enable
@@ -66,6 +73,40 @@ systemd, try running `journalctl -xe`. Otherwise, try viewing
 logged to syslog by default whenever run at a non-interactive console.
 
 
+### Systemd journal
+
+<span class="minilink minilink-addedin">New in version 2.1.0</span>If the syslog
+verbosity is set and systemd's journal is present, then borgmatic sends
+structured logs to the journal instead of plain text. This allows you to query
+logs by particular fields. For instance:
+
+```bash
+journalctl --catalog --pager-end SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=borgmatic
+```
+
+Or to view just borgmatic warning and error logs:
+
+```bash
+journalctl --catalog --pager-end SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=borgmatic --priority warning..alert
+```
+
+The fields borgmatic sends are:
+
+ * `MESSAGE`: the log message
+ * `PRIORITY`: the [numeric priority level](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd/Journal#Priority_level) for the log entry
+ * `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER`: `borgmatic`
+ * `SYSLOG_PID`: borgmatic's process ID
+
+You can also output these structured logs as JSON:
+
+```bash
+journalctl --output=json SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=borgmatic
+```
+
+Note that systemd's journal adds its own fields to the JSON on top of the fields
+that borgmatic logs.
+
+
 ### Rate limiting
 
 If you are using rsyslog or systemd's journal, be aware that by default they

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "borgmatic"
-version = "2.0.14.dev0"
+version = "2.1.0.dev0"
 authors = [
   { name="Dan Helfman", email="witten@torsion.org" },
 ]

tests/integration/borg/test_rename.py

@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 import logging
 
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
 from borgmatic.borg import rename as module
-from tests.unit.test_verbosity import insert_logging_mock
+
+
+def insert_logging_mock(log_level):
+    '''
+    Mock the isEnabledFor from Python logging.
+    '''
+    logging = flexmock(module.logging.Logger)
+    logging.should_receive('isEnabledFor').replace_with(lambda level: level >= log_level)
+    logging.should_receive('getEffectiveLevel').replace_with(lambda: log_level)
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_log_info():
@@ -18,7 +28,7 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_log_info():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--info', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--info', '--log-json', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_log_debug():
@@ -35,7 +45,15 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_log_debug():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'rename',
+        '--debug',
+        '--show-rc',
+        '--log-json',
+        'repo::old_archive',
+        'new_archive',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_dry_run():
@@ -50,7 +68,14 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_dry_run():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--dry-run', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'rename',
+        '--dry-run',
+        '--log-json',
+        'repo::old_archive',
+        'new_archive',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_remote_path():
@@ -70,6 +95,7 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_remote_path():
         'rename',
         '--remote-path',
         'borg1',
+        '--log-json',
         'repo::old_archive',
         'new_archive',
     )
@@ -87,7 +113,15 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_umask():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--umask', '077', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'rename',
+        '--umask',
+        '077',
+        '--log-json',
+        'repo::old_archive',
+        'new_archive',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_log_json():
@@ -117,7 +151,15 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_lock_wait():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'rename', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::old_archive', 'new_archive')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'rename',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--lock-wait',
+        '5',
+        'repo::old_archive',
+        'new_archive',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_rename_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
@@ -135,6 +177,7 @@ def test_make_rename_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
     assert command == (
         'borg',
         'rename',
+        '--log-json',
         '--extra',
         'value with space',
         'repo::old_archive',

tests/integration/test_execute.py

@@ -9,54 +9,120 @@ from borgmatic import execute as module
 
 
 def test_log_outputs_logs_each_line_separately():
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'hi').once()
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'there').once()
+    hi_record = flexmock(
+        msg='hi',
+        levelno=logging.INFO,
+        levelname='INFO',
+        getMessage=lambda: 'hi',
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args('hi', logging.INFO).and_return(
+        hi_record
+    )
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').with_args(hi_record).once()
+    there_record = flexmock(
+        msg='there',
+        levelno=logging.INFO,
+        levelname='INFO',
+        getMessage=lambda: 'there',
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        'there', logging.INFO
+    ).and_return(there_record)
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').with_args(there_record).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
 
     hi_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'hi'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         hi_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(hi_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((hi_process.stdout,))
 
     there_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'there'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         there_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(there_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((there_process.stdout,))
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (hi_process, there_process),
-        exclude_stdouts=(),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (hi_process, there_process),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
+    )
+
+
+def test_log_outputs_logs_stderr_as_error():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(str, logging.INFO).never()
+    error_record = flexmock(
+        msg='error',
+        levelno=logging.ERROR,
+        levelname='ERROR',
+        getMessage=lambda: 'error',
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        'error', logging.ERROR
+    ).and_return(error_record)
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').with_args(error_record).once()
+
+    echo_process = subprocess.Popen(
+        'echo error >&2', stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
+        echo_process,
+        (),
+    ).and_return((echo_process.stdout, echo_process.stderr))
+
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (echo_process,),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
 def test_log_outputs_skips_logs_for_process_with_none_stdout():
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'hi').never()
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').with_args(logging.INFO, 'there').once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args('hi', logging.INFO).never()
+    there_record = flexmock(
+        msg='there',
+        levelno=logging.INFO,
+        levelname='INFO',
+        getMessage=lambda: 'there',
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        'there', logging.INFO
+    ).and_return(there_record)
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').with_args(there_record).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
 
     hi_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'hi'], stdout=None)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         hi_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(hi_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((hi_process.stdout,))
 
     there_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'there'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         there_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(there_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((there_process.stdout,))
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (hi_process, there_process),
-        exclude_stdouts=(),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (hi_process, there_process),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
@@ -65,16 +131,16 @@ def test_log_outputs_returns_output_without_logging_for_output_log_level_none():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
 
     hi_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'hi'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         hi_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(hi_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((hi_process.stdout,))
 
     there_process = subprocess.Popen(['echo', 'there'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         there_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(there_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((there_process.stdout,))
 
     captured_outputs = module.log_outputs(
         (hi_process, there_process),
@@ -93,7 +159,7 @@ def test_log_outputs_includes_error_output_in_exception():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('command_for_process').and_return('grep')
 
     process = subprocess.Popen(['grep'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
         module.log_outputs(
@@ -112,7 +178,6 @@ def test_log_outputs_logs_multiline_error_output():
     Make sure that all error output lines get logged, not just (for instance) the first few lines
     of a process' traceback.
     '''
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(module.Exit_status.ERROR)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('command_for_process').and_return('grep')
 
@@ -121,8 +186,8 @@ def test_log_outputs_logs_multiline_error_output():
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_call('log').at_least().times(3)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_call('handle').at_least().times(3)
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
         module.log_outputs(
@@ -140,7 +205,7 @@ def test_log_outputs_skips_error_output_in_exception_for_process_with_none_stdou
     flexmock(module).should_receive('command_for_process').and_return('grep')
 
     process = subprocess.Popen(['grep'], stdout=None)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
         module.log_outputs(
@@ -183,13 +248,13 @@ def test_log_outputs_kills_other_processes_and_raises_when_one_errors():
         'borg',
         None,
     ).and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(process, ()).and_return(
-        process.stdout,
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(process, ()).and_return(
+        (process.stdout,),
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         other_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(other_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((other_process.stdout,))
     flexmock(other_process).should_receive('kill').once()
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
@@ -233,21 +298,24 @@ def test_log_outputs_kills_other_processes_and_returns_when_one_exits_with_warni
         'borg',
         None,
     ).and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(process, ()).and_return(
-        process.stdout,
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(process, ()).and_return(
+        (process.stdout,),
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         other_process,
         (),
-    ).and_return(other_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((other_process.stdout,))
     flexmock(other_process).should_receive('kill').once()
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (process, other_process),
-        exclude_stdouts=(),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (process, other_process),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
@@ -276,22 +344,25 @@ def test_log_outputs_vents_other_processes_when_one_exits():
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         process,
         (process.stdout,),
-    ).and_return(process.stderr)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    ).and_return((process.stderr,))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         other_process,
         (process.stdout,),
-    ).and_return(other_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((other_process.stdout,))
     flexmock(process.stdout).should_call('readline').at_least().once()
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (process, other_process),
-        exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (process, other_process),
+            exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
@@ -314,21 +385,24 @@ def test_log_outputs_does_not_error_when_one_process_exits():
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         process,
         (process.stdout,),
-    ).and_return(process.stderr)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args(
+    ).and_return((process.stderr,))
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').with_args(
         other_process,
         (process.stdout,),
-    ).and_return(other_process.stdout)
+    ).and_return((other_process.stdout,))
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (process, other_process),
-        exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (process, other_process),
+            exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
@@ -349,7 +423,7 @@ def test_log_outputs_truncates_long_error_output():
         'borg',
         None,
     ).and_return(module.Exit_status.ERROR)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
 
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as error:
         flexmock(module, ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT=0).log_outputs(
@@ -369,14 +443,17 @@ def test_log_outputs_with_no_output_logs_nothing():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(module.Exit_status.SUCCESS)
 
     process = subprocess.Popen(['true'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (process,),
-        exclude_stdouts=(),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (process,),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )
 
 
@@ -386,12 +463,15 @@ def test_log_outputs_with_unfinished_process_re_polls():
 
     process = subprocess.Popen(['true'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
     flexmock(process).should_receive('poll').and_return(None).and_return(0).times(3)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').and_return(process.stdout)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffers_for_process').and_return((process.stdout,))
 
-    module.log_outputs(
-        (process,),
-        exclude_stdouts=(),
-        output_log_level=logging.INFO,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    assert (
+        module.log_outputs(
+            (process,),
+            exclude_stdouts=(),
+            output_log_level=logging.INFO,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            borg_exit_codes=None,
+        )
+        == {}
     )

tests/integration/test_logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from flexmock import flexmock
+
+import borgmatic.logger as module
+
+
+def test_json_formatter_format_does_not_raise():
+    module.Json_formatter().format(
+        flexmock(
+            created=12345,
+            levelno=module.logging.INFO,
+            levelname='INFO',
+            name='borg.something',
+            getMessage=lambda: 'All done',
+        )
+    )

tests/unit/borg/test_break_lock.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(command, working_directory=None, borg_exit_codes
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'break-lock', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'break-lock', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_local_path():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'break-lock', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'break-lock', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'break-lock', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--umask', '0770', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -84,21 +86,9 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', 'repo'))
-
-    module.break_lock(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -110,7 +100,9 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -122,7 +114,7 @@ def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 
 def test_break_lock_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.break_lock(
@@ -135,7 +127,9 @@ def test_break_lock_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
 
 def test_break_lock_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.break_lock(
@@ -148,7 +142,9 @@ def test_break_lock_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
 
 def test_break_lock_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'break-lock', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'break-lock', '--log-json', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     module.break_lock(
         repository_path='repo',

tests/unit/borg/test_change_passphrase.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(
 
 def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.change_passphrase(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
 
 def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'change-passphrase', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.change_passphrase(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     config = {'borg_exit_codes': borg_exit_codes}
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         config=config,
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
 def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.change_passphrase(
@@ -98,24 +98,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     config = {'umask': '0770'}
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--umask', '0770', 'repo'),
-        config=config,
-    )
-
-    module.change_passphrase(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config=config,
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        change_passphrase_arguments=flexmock(),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-    )
-
-
-def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    config = {'log_json': True}
-    insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         config=config,
     )
 
@@ -132,7 +115,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     config = {'lock_wait': '5'}
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'),
         config=config,
     )
 
@@ -149,7 +132,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     config = {'extra_borg_options': {'key_change_passphrase': '--extra "value with space"'}}
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo'),
         config=config,
     )
 
@@ -164,7 +147,9 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 
 def test_change_passphrase_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.change_passphrase(
@@ -179,7 +164,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
 def test_change_passphrase_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'),
     )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
@@ -209,7 +194,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_with_dry_run_skips_borg_call():
 def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_without_passphrase():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         config={'option': 'foo'},
     )
 
@@ -230,7 +215,7 @@ def test_change_passphrase_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     config = {'working_directory': '/working/dir'}
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'change-passphrase', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         config=config,
         working_directory='/working/dir',
     )

tests/unit/borg/test_check.py

@@ -356,6 +356,42 @@ def test_check_archives_with_progress_passes_through_to_borg():
     )
 
 
+def test_check_archives_with_log_json_and_progress_passes_through_both_to_borg():
+    config = {'log_json': True, 'progress': True}
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(
+        {'repository'},
+        (),
+    ).and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--log-json', '--progress', 'repo'),
+        output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.check_archives(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config=config,
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        check_arguments=flexmock(
+            progress=None,
+            repair=None,
+            only_checks=None,
+            force=None,
+            match_archives=None,
+            max_duration=None,
+        ),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+        checks={'repository'},
+        archive_filter_flags=(),
+    )
+
+
 def test_check_archives_with_repair_passes_through_to_borg():
     config = {}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(
@@ -392,6 +428,42 @@ def test_check_archives_with_repair_passes_through_to_borg():
     )
 
 
+def test_check_archives_with_log_json_and_repair_passes_through_both_to_borg():
+    config = {'log_json': True}
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(
+        {'repository'},
+        (),
+    ).and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--repair', '--log-json', 'repo'),
+        output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    ).once()
+
+    module.check_archives(
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config=config,
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        check_arguments=flexmock(
+            progress=None,
+            repair=True,
+            only_checks=None,
+            force=None,
+            match_archives=None,
+            max_duration=None,
+        ),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+        checks={'repository'},
+        archive_filter_flags=(),
+    )
+
+
 def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_flag_passes_through_to_borg():
     config = {}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(
@@ -402,7 +474,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_flag_passes_through_to_borg():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -438,7 +510,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_option_passes_through_to_borg():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -474,9 +546,9 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_option_and_archives_check_runs_reposit
         (),
     ).and_return(('--repository-only',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--log-json', 'repo'))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.check_archives(
@@ -507,9 +579,9 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_flag_and_archives_check_runs_repositor
         (),
     ).and_return(('--repository-only',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--log-json', 'repo'))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.check_archives(
@@ -541,9 +613,11 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_option_and_data_check_runs_repository_
         (),
     ).and_return(('--repository-only',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--verify-data', 'repo'))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--verify-data', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    )
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.check_archives(
@@ -575,9 +649,11 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_flag_and_data_check_runs_repository_ch
         (),
     ).and_return(('--repository-only',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--verify-data', 'repo'))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--archives-only', '--verify-data', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    )
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '33', '--repository-only', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.check_archives(
@@ -608,7 +684,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_max_duration_flag_overrides_max_duration_option():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '44', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--max-duration', '44', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -647,7 +723,7 @@ def test_check_archives_calls_borg_with_parameters(checks):
     config = {}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -674,7 +750,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_data_check_implies_archives_check_calls_borg_with_p
         (),
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -702,7 +778,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_log_info_passes_through_to_borg():
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -730,7 +806,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_log_debug_passes_through_to_borg():
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -755,7 +831,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     config = {}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'check', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -782,7 +858,9 @@ def test_check_archives_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     config = {'borg_exit_codes': borg_exit_codes}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes
+    )
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -807,7 +885,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_remote_path_passes_through_to_borg():
     config = {}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -833,32 +911,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_umask_passes_through_to_borg():
     config = {'umask': '077'}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--umask', '077', 'repo'))
-
-    module.check_archives(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config=config,
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        check_arguments=flexmock(
-            progress=None,
-            repair=None,
-            only_checks=None,
-            force=None,
-            match_archives=None,
-            max_duration=None,
-        ),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        checks=checks,
-        archive_filter_flags=(),
-    )
-
-
-def test_check_archives_with_log_json_passes_through_to_borg():
-    checks = {'repository'}
-    config = {'log_json': True}
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -883,7 +936,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_lock_wait_passes_through_to_borg():
     config = {'lock_wait': 5}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -909,7 +962,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_retention_prefix():
     config = {'prefix': prefix}
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_check_name_flags').with_args(checks, ()).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -937,7 +990,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_extra_borg_options_passes_through_to_borg():
     ).and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--extra', '--options', 'value with space', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--log-json', '--extra', '--options', 'value with space', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.check_archives(
@@ -968,7 +1021,7 @@ def test_check_archives_with_match_archives_passes_through_to_borg():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'check', '--match-archives', 'foo-*', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'check', '--match-archives', 'foo-*', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -1003,7 +1056,9 @@ def test_check_archives_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'check', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'check', '--log-json', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     module.check_archives(
         repository_path='repo',

tests/unit/borg/test_compact.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ COMPACT_COMMAND = ('borg', 'compact')
 
 def test_compact_segments_calls_borg_with_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def test_compact_segments_calls_borg_with_flags():
 
 def test_compact_segments_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--info', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--info', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.compact_segments(
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
 
 def test_compact_segments_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.compact_segments(
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_dry_run_executes_borg_call_when_feature_available
 
 def test_compact_segments_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', *COMPACT_COMMAND[1:], 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', *COMPACT_COMMAND[1:], '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, 'repo'),
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', 'repo'),
         logging.INFO,
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
@@ -144,7 +146,9 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
 
 def test_compact_segments_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -169,9 +173,26 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_progress_calls_borg_with_progress_flag():
     )
 
 
+def test_compact_segments_with_log_json_and_progress_calls_borg_with_both_flags():
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--progress', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
+
+    module.compact_segments(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={'log_json': True, 'progress': True},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+    )
+
+
 def test_compact_segments_with_cleanup_commits_calls_borg_with_cleanup_commits_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--cleanup-commits', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--cleanup-commits', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -185,7 +206,9 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_cleanup_commits_calls_borg_with_cleanup_commits_f
 
 def test_compact_segments_with_threshold_calls_borg_with_threshold_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--threshold', '20', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--threshold', '20', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -199,7 +222,9 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_threshold_calls_borg_with_threshold_flag():
 def test_compact_segments_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     config = {'umask': '077'}
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--umask', '077', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -210,23 +235,12 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_compact_segments_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
-
-    module.compact_segments(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_compact_segments_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     config = {'lock_wait': 5}
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'), logging.INFO
+    )
 
     module.compact_segments(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -240,7 +254,7 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
 def test_compact_segments_with_extra_borg_options_calls_borg_with_extra_options():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--extra', '--options', 'value with space', 'repo'),
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--extra', '--options', 'value with space', 'repo'),
         logging.INFO,
     )
 
@@ -256,7 +270,7 @@ def test_compact_segments_with_extra_borg_options_calls_borg_with_extra_options(
 def test_compact_segments_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, 'repo'),
+        (*COMPACT_COMMAND, '--log-json', 'repo'),
         logging.INFO,
         working_directory='/working/dir',
     )

tests/unit/borg/test_create.py

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_produces_borg_command():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_patterns_file_in_borg_command():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', *pattern_flags)
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', *pattern_flags, '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}',)
     assert pattern_file == mock_pattern_file
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_with_store_config_false_omits_config_files():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -459,7 +459,76 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_configuration_option_as_command_flag(
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', *option_flags)
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', *option_flags, '--log-json')
+    assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
+    assert not pattern_file
+
+
+def test_make_base_create_command_with_progress_omits_log_json_from_borg_command():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.pattern).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_list_filter_flags').and_return('FOO')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('get_default_archive_name_format').and_return(
+        '{hostname}',
+    )
+    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
+        (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}',),
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('validate_planned_backup_paths').and_return(())
+
+    (create_flags, create_positional_arguments, pattern_file) = module.make_base_create_command(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={
+            'source_directories': ['foo', 'bar'],
+            'repositories': ['repo'],
+            'exclude_patterns': ['exclude'],
+            'progress': True,
+        },
+        patterns=[Pattern('foo'), Pattern('bar')],
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+        borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
+    )
+
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
+    assert not pattern_file
+
+
+def test_make_base_create_command_with_log_json_and_progress_includes_log_json_in_borg_command():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.pattern).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_list_filter_flags').and_return('FOO')
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('get_default_archive_name_format').and_return(
+        '{hostname}',
+    )
+    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
+        (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}',),
+    )
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('validate_planned_backup_paths').and_return(())
+
+    (create_flags, create_positional_arguments, pattern_file) = module.make_base_create_command(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={
+            'source_directories': ['foo', 'bar'],
+            'repositories': ['repo'],
+            'exclude_patterns': ['exclude'],
+            'log_json': True,
+            'progress': True,
+        },
+        patterns=[Pattern('foo'), Pattern('bar')],
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+        borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
+    )
+
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -492,7 +561,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_dry_run_in_borg_command():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--dry-run')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json', '--dry-run')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -526,7 +595,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_comment_in_borg_command():
         comment='a comment',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--comment', 'a comment')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--comment', 'a comment', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -559,7 +628,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_local_path_in_borg_command():
         local_path='borg1',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg1', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg1', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -592,40 +661,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_remote_path_in_borg_command():
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--remote-path', 'borg1')
-    assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
-    assert not pattern_file
-
-
-def test_make_base_create_command_includes_log_json_in_borg_command():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.pattern).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_list_filter_flags').and_return('FOO')
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('get_default_archive_name_format').and_return(
-        '{hostname}',
-    )
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
-        (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}',),
-    )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('validate_planned_backup_paths').and_return(())
-
-    (create_flags, create_positional_arguments, pattern_file) = module.make_base_create_command(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={
-            'source_directories': ['foo', 'bar'],
-            'repositories': ['repo'],
-            'log_json': True,
-        },
-        patterns=[Pattern('foo'), Pattern('bar')],
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
-    )
-
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -658,7 +694,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_list_flags_in_borg_command():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--list', '--filter', 'FOO')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json', '--list', '--filter', 'FOO')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -723,7 +759,14 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_with_stream_processes_ignores_read_special_fal
         stream_processes=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--patterns-from', 'patterns', '--read-special')
+    assert create_flags == (
+        'borg',
+        'create',
+        '--patterns-from',
+        'patterns',
+        '--read-special',
+        '--log-json',
+    )
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert pattern_file
 
@@ -786,7 +829,14 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_without_patterns_and_with_stream_processes_ign
         stream_processes=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--read-special', '--patterns-from', 'patterns')
+    assert create_flags == (
+        'borg',
+        'create',
+        '--read-special',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--patterns-from',
+        'patterns',
+    )
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert pattern_file
 
@@ -821,7 +871,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_with_stream_processes_and_read_special_true_sk
         stream_processes=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--read-special')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--read-special', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -854,7 +904,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_archive_name_format_in_borg_command()
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == ('repo::ARCHIVE_NAME',)
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -886,7 +936,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_default_archive_name_format_in_borg_c
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == ('repo::{hostname}',)
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -919,7 +969,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_archive_name_format_with_placeholders
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == (repository_archive_pattern,)
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -952,7 +1002,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_repository_and_archive_name_format_wi
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == (repository_archive_pattern,)
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -981,7 +1031,7 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_archive_suffix_in_borg_command():
         archive_suffix='.checkpoint',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create')
+    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--log-json')
     assert create_positional_arguments == (f'repo::{DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_NAME}.checkpoint',)
     assert not pattern_file
 
@@ -1014,7 +1064,14 @@ def test_make_base_create_command_includes_extra_borg_options_in_borg_command():
         borgmatic_runtime_directory='/run/borgmatic',
     )
 
-    assert create_flags == ('borg', 'create', '--extra', '--options', 'value with space')
+    assert create_flags == (
+        'borg',
+        'create',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--extra',
+        '--options',
+        'value with space',
+    )
     assert create_positional_arguments == REPO_ARCHIVE
     assert not pattern_file
 

tests/unit/borg/test_delete.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_log_info():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--info', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--info', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_log_debug():
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_log_debug():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_dry_run():
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_dry_run():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--dry-run', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_remote_path():
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_remote_path():
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_umask():
@@ -122,32 +122,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_umask():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--umask', '077', 'repo')
-
-
-def test_make_delete_command_includes_log_json():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args(
-        'log-json',
-        True,
-    ).and_return(('--log-json',))
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo',),
-    )
-
-    command = module.make_delete_command(
-        repository={'path': 'repo'},
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        delete_arguments=flexmock(list_details=False, force=0, match_archives=None, archive=None),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-        local_path='borg',
-        remote_path=None,
-    )
-
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_lock_wait():
@@ -172,7 +147,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_lock_wait():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
@@ -193,7 +168,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_with_list_config_calls_borg_with_list_flag():
@@ -218,7 +193,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_with_list_config_calls_borg_with_list_flag():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--list', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--list', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_force():
@@ -239,7 +214,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_force():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--force', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--force', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_force_twice():
@@ -260,7 +235,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_force_twice():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--force', '--force', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--force', '--force', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_archive():
@@ -288,7 +263,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_archive():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--match-archives', 'archive', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'archive', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_delete_command_includes_match_archives():
@@ -316,7 +291,7 @@ def test_make_delete_command_includes_match_archives():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
 
 
 LOGGING_ANSWER = flexmock()

tests/unit/borg/test_export_key.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'export', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes
+    )
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -79,7 +81,9 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--umask', '0770', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -105,24 +109,10 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'))
-
-    module.export_key(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        export_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, qr_html=False, path=None),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-    )
-
-
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -136,7 +126,9 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -150,7 +142,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 def test_export_key_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.export_key(
@@ -165,7 +157,9 @@ def test_export_key_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
 def test_export_key_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.export_key(
@@ -180,7 +174,7 @@ def test_export_key_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--paper', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--paper', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -194,7 +188,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flags():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--paper', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--paper', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -208,7 +202,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flag():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_qr_html_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--qr-html', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', '--qr-html', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -222,7 +216,9 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_qr_html_flag():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_path_argument():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('dest').and_return(False)
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo', 'dest'), output_file=None)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo', 'dest'), output_file=None
+    )
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -251,7 +247,7 @@ def test_export_key_with_already_existent_path_raises():
 def test_export_key_with_stdout_path_calls_borg_without_path_argument():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -279,7 +275,9 @@ def test_export_key_with_dry_run_skips_borg_call():
 def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     module.export_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -296,7 +294,7 @@ def test_export_key_calls_borg_with_path_argument_and_working_directory():
         False,
     ).once()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'export', 'repo', 'dest'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'export', '--log-json', 'repo', 'dest'),
         output_file=None,
         working_directory='/working/dir',
     )

tests/unit/borg/test_export_tar.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_path_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar', 'path1', 'path2'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar', 'path1', 'path2'),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_local_path_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg1', 'export-tar', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg1', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
         borg_local_path='borg1',
     )
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     )
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--umask', '0770', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -145,26 +145,6 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_log_json_flag():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo::archive',),
-    )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'))
-
-    module.export_tar_archive(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        archive='archive',
-        paths=None,
-        destination_path='test.tar',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
@@ -172,7 +152,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -194,7 +174,15 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'export-tar',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--extra',
+            'value with space',
+            'repo::archive',
+            'test.tar',
+        ),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -215,7 +203,9 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'export-tar', '--info', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -237,7 +227,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
     )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
@@ -280,7 +270,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_tar_filter_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--tar-filter', 'bzip2', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', '--tar-filter', 'bzip2', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -303,7 +293,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_list_flag():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--list', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', '--list', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
         output_log_level=logging.ANSWER,
     )
 
@@ -326,7 +316,15 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_strip_components_flag():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--strip-components', '5', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'export-tar',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--strip-components',
+            '5',
+            'repo::archive',
+            'test.tar',
+        ),
     )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
@@ -348,7 +346,9 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_skips_abspath_for_remote_repository_flag():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('server:repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'export-tar', 'server:repo::archive', 'test.tar'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'server:repo::archive', 'test.tar')
+    )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -368,7 +368,9 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_stdout_destination_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'export-tar', 'repo::archive', '-'), capture=False)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '-'), capture=False
+    )
 
     module.export_tar_archive(
         dry_run=False,
@@ -389,7 +391,7 @@ def test_export_tar_archive_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'export-tar', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
+        ('borg', 'export-tar', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'test.tar'),
         working_directory='/working/dir',
     )
 

tests/unit/borg/test_extract.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(command, destination_path=None, borg_exit_codes=
 
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_last_archive():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_without_any_archives_should_not_raise():
 
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--info', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
@@ -68,7 +70,16 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_paramet
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameter():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--list', 'repo::archive'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'extract',
+            '--dry-run',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--debug',
+            '--show-rc',
+            '--list',
+            'repo::archive',
+        ),
     )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -86,7 +97,7 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_param
 
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'extract', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
@@ -105,7 +116,7 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
@@ -140,26 +151,10 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_log_json_flag():
-    flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo::archive',),
-    )
-
-    module.extract_last_archive_dry_run(
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        repository_path='repo',
-        lock_wait=None,
-    )
-
-
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive'),
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
@@ -177,7 +172,15 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
 def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('resolve_archive_name').and_return('archive')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'extract',
+            '--dry-run',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--extra',
+            'value with space',
+            'repo::archive',
+        ),
     )
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
@@ -193,7 +196,9 @@ def test_extract_last_archive_dry_run_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', 'repo::archive', 'path1', 'path2'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'path1', 'path2')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -216,7 +221,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_path_flags():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'extract', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'extract', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -242,7 +247,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_exit_codes():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
@@ -267,7 +272,9 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_exit_codes():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -298,7 +305,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
 )
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_numeric_ids_parameter(feature_available, option_flag):
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', option_flag, 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', option_flag, '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(feature_available)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -321,7 +328,9 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_numeric_ids_parameter(feature_available
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--umask', '0770', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -342,29 +351,11 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo::archive',),
-    )
-
-    module.extract_archive(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository='repo',
-        archive='archive',
-        paths=None,
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -387,7 +378,9 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -410,7 +403,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 
 def test_extract_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--info', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo::archive'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
@@ -435,7 +428,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
 def test_extract_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--debug', '--list', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--debug', '--list', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive'),
     )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
@@ -460,7 +453,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_dry_run_parameter():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--dry-run', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -483,7 +476,9 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_dry_run_parameter():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_destination_path():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', 'repo::archive'), destination_path='/dest')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'), destination_path='/dest'
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -507,7 +502,9 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_destination_path():
 
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_strip_components():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--strip-components', '5', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--strip-components', '5', 'repo::archive')
+    )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
@@ -535,6 +532,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_strip_components_calculated_from_all():
         (
             'borg',
             'extract',
+            '--log-json',
             '--strip-components',
             '2',
             'repo::archive',
@@ -569,6 +567,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_strip_components_calculated_from_all_wi
         (
             'borg',
             'extract',
+            '--log-json',
             '--strip-components',
             '2',
             'repo::archive',
@@ -654,13 +653,45 @@ def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_progress_flag():
     )
 
 
+def test_extract_archive_with_log_json_and_progress_calls_borg_with_both_flags():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--progress', 'repo::archive'),
+        output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    ).once()
+    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
+        ('repo::archive',),
+    )
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.validate).should_receive(
+        'normalize_repository_path',
+    ).and_return('repo')
+
+    module.extract_archive(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository='repo',
+        archive='archive',
+        paths=None,
+        config={'log_json': True, 'progress': True},
+        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+    )
+
+
 def test_extract_archive_calls_borg_with_extract_to_stdout_returns_process():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     process = flexmock()
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '--stdout', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '--stdout', 'repo::archive'),
         output_file=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         run_to_completion=False,
         environment=None,
@@ -735,7 +766,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_skips_abspath_for_remote_repository():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'extract', 'server:repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', 'server:repo::archive'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -764,7 +795,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_skips_abspath_for_remote_repository():
 def test_extract_archive_uses_configured_working_directory_in_repo_path_and_destination_path():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'extract', '/working/dir/repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '/working/dir/repo::archive'),
         destination_path='/working/dir/dest',
     )
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
@@ -789,7 +820,7 @@ def test_extract_archive_uses_configured_working_directory_in_repo_path_and_dest
 
 def test_extract_archive_uses_configured_working_directory_in_repo_path_when_destination_path_is_not_set():
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('abspath').and_return('repo')
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '/working/dir/repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'extract', '--log-json', '/working/dir/repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('/working/dir/repo::archive',),

tests/unit/borg/test_import_key.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'import', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes
+    )
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -80,7 +82,9 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--umask', '0770', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -107,26 +111,11 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'))
-
-    module.import_key(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        import_arguments=flexmock(paper=False, path=None),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-    )
-
-
 def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -141,7 +130,9 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -156,7 +147,7 @@ def test_import_key_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--info', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.import_key(
@@ -172,7 +163,9 @@ def test_import_key_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.import_key(
@@ -188,7 +181,7 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_paper_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(('--paper',))
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--paper', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', '--paper', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -203,7 +196,9 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_path_argument():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('source').and_return(True)
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo', 'source'), input_file=None)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo', 'source'), input_file=None
+    )
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -234,7 +229,7 @@ def test_import_key_with_stdin_path_calls_borg_without_path_argument():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -264,7 +259,9 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     module.import_key(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -282,7 +279,7 @@ def test_import_key_calls_borg_with_path_argument_and_working_directory():
         True,
     ).once()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'key', 'import', 'repo', 'source'),
+        ('borg', 'key', 'import', '--log-json', 'repo', 'source'),
         input_file=None,
         working_directory='/working/dir',
     )

tests/unit/borg/test_info.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_constructs_borg_info_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--info', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_log_info_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_log_debug_and_json_omits_borg_logging_flags():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_json_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_json_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_archive_uses_match_archives_flags():
@@ -169,7 +169,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_archive_uses_match_archives_flags():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'archive', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'archive',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_local_path_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -192,7 +200,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_local_path_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg1', 'info', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg1', 'info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_remote_path_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -219,7 +227,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_remote_path_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_umask_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -244,33 +252,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_umask_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--umask', '077', '--repo', 'repo')
-
-
-def test_make_info_command_with_log_json_passes_through_to_command():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('log-json', True).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',),
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
-        None,
-        None,
-        '2.3.4',
-    ).and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-
-    command = module.make_info_command(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        info_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, json=False, prefix=None, match_archives=None),
-        local_path='borg',
-        remote_path=None,
-    )
-
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_lock_wait_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -297,7 +279,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_lock_wait_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_extra_borg_options_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -321,7 +303,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_extra_borg_options_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--extra',
+        'value with space',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives_flags():
@@ -348,7 +338,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives_flags():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'sh:foo*',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
@@ -375,7 +373,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'sh:foo*',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archives_flags():
@@ -398,7 +404,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archives_fl
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'sh:bar-*',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_option_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -425,7 +439,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_option_passes_through_to_command(
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'sh:foo-*',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_flag_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -449,7 +471,15 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_match_archives_flag_passes_through_to_command():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo-*', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'info',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--match-archives',
+        'sh:foo-*',
+        '--repo',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('argument_name', ('sort_by', 'first', 'last'))
@@ -483,7 +513,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_passes_arguments_through_to_command(argument_name):
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'info', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_info_command_with_date_based_matching_passes_through_to_command():
@@ -521,6 +551,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_date_based_matching_passes_through_to_command():
     assert command == (
         'borg',
         'info',
+        '--log-json',
         '--newer',
         '1d',
         '--newest',
@@ -536,6 +567,7 @@ def test_make_info_command_with_date_based_matching_passes_through_to_command():
 
 def test_display_archives_info_calls_two_commands():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_info_command')
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
@@ -554,6 +586,7 @@ def test_display_archives_info_calls_two_commands():
 
 def test_display_archives_info_with_json_calls_json_command_only():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_info_command')
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
@@ -576,6 +609,7 @@ def test_display_archives_info_with_json_calls_json_command_only():
 
 def test_display_archives_info_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_info_command')
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(

tests/unit/borg/test_list.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_log_info():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--info', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--info', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_json_but_not_info():
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_json_but_not_info():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_log_debug():
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_log_debug():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_json_but_not_debug():
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_json_but_not_debug():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_json():
@@ -90,25 +90,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_json():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
-
-
-def test_make_list_command_includes_log_json():
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(()).and_return(()).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',),
-    ).and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-
-    command = module.make_list_command(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        list_arguments=flexmock(archive=None, paths=None, format=None, json=False),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_lock_wait():
@@ -126,7 +108,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_lock_wait():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_format():
@@ -144,7 +126,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_format():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--format', 'stuff', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--format', 'stuff', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
@@ -160,7 +142,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_extra_borg_options():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_archive():
@@ -178,7 +160,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_archive():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_archive_and_path():
@@ -196,7 +178,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_archive_and_path():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive', 'var/lib')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', 'var/lib')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_local_path():
@@ -213,7 +195,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_local_path():
         local_path='borg2',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg2', 'list', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg2', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_remote_path():
@@ -237,7 +219,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_remote_path():
         remote_path='borg2',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg2', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg2', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_umask():
@@ -255,7 +237,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_umask():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_list_command_includes_short():
@@ -271,7 +253,7 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_short():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--short', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--short', 'repo')
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -310,7 +292,14 @@ def test_make_list_command_includes_additional_flags(argument_name):
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--' + argument_name.replace('_', '-'), 'value', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'list',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--' + argument_name.replace('_', '-'),
+        'value',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_find_paths_considers_none_as_empty_paths():
@@ -382,12 +371,12 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_with_flags():
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -449,12 +438,12 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_with_local_path():
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg2',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg2', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg2', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg2', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg2', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -499,12 +488,12 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -539,23 +528,23 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_multiple_times_with_find_paths():
 
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.repo_list).should_receive('make_repo_list_command').and_return(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo'),
     )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
         borg_exit_codes=None,
     ).and_return('archive1\narchive2').once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_list_command').and_return(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive1'),
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive2'))
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive1'),
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive2'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(glob_paths)
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive1', *glob_paths),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive1', *glob_paths),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -563,7 +552,7 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_multiple_times_with_find_paths():
         borg_exit_codes=None,
     ).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive2', *glob_paths),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive2', *glob_paths),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -606,12 +595,12 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_with_archive():
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -734,12 +723,12 @@ def test_list_archive_with_archive_ignores_archive_filter_flag(
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -832,7 +821,7 @@ def test_list_archive_with_find_paths_allows_archive_filter_flag_but_only_passes
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive1'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive1'))
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_list_command').with_args(
         repository_path='repo',
@@ -851,12 +840,12 @@ def test_list_archive_with_find_paths_allows_archive_filter_flag_but_only_passes
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive2'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive2'))
 
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(glob_paths)
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive1', *glob_paths),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive1', *glob_paths),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -864,7 +853,7 @@ def test_list_archive_with_find_paths_allows_archive_filter_flag_but_only_passes
         borg_exit_codes=None,
     ).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive2', *glob_paths),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', 'archive2', *glob_paths),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -916,14 +905,14 @@ def test_list_archive_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
         global_arguments=global_arguments,
         local_path='borg',
         remote_path=None,
-    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'))
+    ).and_return(('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_find_paths').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(
         '/working/dir',
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', 'repo::archive'),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory='/working/dir',

tests/unit/borg/test_mount.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(command, working_directory=None, borg_exit_codes
 def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', 'repo', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo', '/mnt'))
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_with_borg_features_calls_borg_with_repository_and_match_a
         ),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'mount', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'archive', '/mnt'),
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'archive', '/mnt'),
     )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_without_archive_calls_borg_with_repository_flags_only():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(
@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt', 'path1', 'path2'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt', 'path1', 'path2')
+    )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(
         mount_point='/mnt',
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_local_path():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_using_exit_codes():
     )
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
         borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes,
     )
 
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'mount', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
     )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
@@ -168,7 +170,9 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--umask', '0770', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--umask', '0770', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
+    )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(
@@ -181,30 +185,14 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo::archive',),
-    )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
-
-    mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
-    module.mount_archive(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        archive='archive',
-        mount_arguments=mount_arguments,
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
+    )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(
@@ -223,7 +211,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'mount', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
     )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
@@ -242,7 +230,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--info', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--info', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
@@ -261,7 +249,9 @@ def test_mount_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
@@ -283,7 +273,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_foreground_parameter():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'mount', '--foreground', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '--foreground', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'),
         output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -307,7 +297,9 @@ def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_options_flags():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').and_return(
         ('repo::archive',),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', '-o', 'super_mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', '-o', 'super_mount', 'repo::archive', '/mnt')
+    )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(
         mount_point='/mnt',
@@ -349,6 +341,7 @@ def test_mount_archive_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_based_flags
         (
             'borg',
             'mount',
+            '--log-json',
             '--newer',
             '1d',
             '--newest',
@@ -392,7 +385,9 @@ def test_mount_archive_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_based_flags
 def test_mount_archive_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'mount', 'repo', '/mnt'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'mount', '--log-json', 'repo', '/mnt'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     mount_arguments = flexmock(mount_point='/mnt', options=None, paths=None, foreground=False)
     module.mount_archive(

tests/unit/borg/test_prune.py

@@ -221,7 +221,17 @@ def test_make_prune_flags_ignores_keep_exclude_tags_in_config():
     assert result == ('--keep-daily', '1')
 
 
-PRUNE_COMMAND = ('borg', 'prune', '--keep-daily', '1', '--keep-weekly', '2', '--keep-monthly', '3')
+PRUNE_COMMAND = (
+    'borg',
+    'prune',
+    '--keep-daily',
+    '1',
+    '--keep-weekly',
+    '2',
+    '--keep-monthly',
+    '3',
+    '--log-json',
+)
 
 
 def test_prune_archives_calls_borg_with_flags():
@@ -454,28 +464,6 @@ def test_prune_archives_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_prune_archives_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flag():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('make_prune_flags').and_return(BASE_PRUNE_FLAGS)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').with_args(
-        module.feature.Feature.NO_PRUNE_STATS,
-        '1.2.3',
-    ).and_return(False)
-    insert_execute_command_mock((*PRUNE_COMMAND, '--log-json', 'repo'), logging.INFO)
-
-    prune_arguments = flexmock(statistics=False, list_details=False)
-    module.prune_archives(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        prune_arguments=prune_arguments,
-    )
-
-
 def test_prune_archives_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
@@ -561,6 +549,7 @@ def test_prune_archives_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_based_flag
             '2',
             '--keep-monthly',
             '3',
+            '--log-json',
             '--newer',
             '1d',
             '--newest',

tests/unit/borg/test_recreate.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def test_recreate_calls_borg_with_required_flags():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_remote_path():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -142,7 +144,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_lock_wait():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_extra_borg_options():
         ),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo')
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo')
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -212,7 +216,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_log_info():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'))
 
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
@@ -248,7 +252,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_log_debug():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -269,40 +275,6 @@ def test_recreate_with_log_debug():
     )
 
 
-def test_recreate_with_log_json():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.pattern).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_list_filter_flags').and_return('')
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive(
-        'make_repository_archive_flags',
-    ).and_return(
-        (
-            '--repo',
-            'repo',
-        ),
-    )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
-
-    module.recreate_archive(
-        repository='repo',
-        archive='archive',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        recreate_arguments=flexmock(
-            list=None,
-            target=None,
-            comment=None,
-            timestamp=None,
-            match_archives=None,
-        ),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-        local_path='borg',
-        patterns=None,
-    )
-
-
 def test_recreate_with_list_config_calls_borg_with_list_flag():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(())
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.pattern).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(None)
@@ -320,7 +292,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_list_config_calls_borg_with_list_flag():
         'AME+-',
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--list', '--filter', 'AME+-', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--list', '--filter', 'AME+-', '--repo', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -357,7 +329,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_patterns_from_flag():
     mock_patterns_file = flexmock(name='patterns_file')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('write_patterns_file').and_return(mock_patterns_file)
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--patterns-from', 'patterns_file', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--patterns-from', 'patterns_file', '--repo', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -394,7 +366,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_exclude_flags():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_exclude_flags').and_return(
         ('--exclude', 'pattern'),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--exclude', 'pattern', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--exclude', 'pattern', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -428,7 +402,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_target_flag():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--target', 'new-archive', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--target', 'new-archive', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -463,7 +439,15 @@ def test_recreate_with_comment_flag():
         ),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--comment', shlex.quote('This is a test comment'), '--repo', 'repo'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'recreate',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--comment',
+            shlex.quote('This is a test comment'),
+            '--repo',
+            'repo',
+        ),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -499,7 +483,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_timestamp_flag():
         ),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--timestamp', '2023-10-01T12:00:00', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--timestamp', '2023-10-01T12:00:00', '--repo', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -534,7 +518,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_compression_flag():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--compression', 'lz4', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--compression', 'lz4', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -569,7 +555,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_chunker_params_flag():
         ),
     )
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--chunker-params', '19,23,21,4095', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--chunker-params', '19,23,21,4095', '--repo', 'repo'),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -604,7 +590,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_recompress_flag():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--recompress', 'always', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--recompress', 'always', '--repo', 'repo')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -638,7 +626,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_match_archives_star():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -672,7 +660,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_match_archives_regex():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -706,7 +694,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_match_archives_shell():
             'repo',
         ),
     )
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -740,7 +728,9 @@ def test_recreate_with_match_archives_and_feature_available_calls_borg_with_matc
         ('--repo', 'repo'),
     )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'foo-*'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'foo-*')
+    )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -775,7 +765,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_archives_flag_and_feature_available_calls_borg_with_match
     )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').never()
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'recreate', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'archive'),
+        ('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', '--match-archives', 'archive'),
     )
 
     module.recreate_archive(
@@ -806,7 +796,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_match_archives_and_feature_not_available_calls_borg_witho
         ('repo',),
     )
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_archive_flags').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', 'repo'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', 'repo'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',
@@ -836,7 +826,7 @@ def test_recreate_with_archives_flags_and_feature_not_available_calls_borg_with_
         'make_repository_archive_flags',
     ).and_return(('repo::archive',))
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').never()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', 'repo::archive'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'recreate', '--log-json', 'repo::archive'))
 
     module.recreate_archive(
         repository='repo',

tests/unit/borg/test_repo_create.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from borgmatic.borg import repo_create as module
 from ..test_verbosity import insert_logging_mock
 
 REPO_INFO_SOME_UNKNOWN_EXIT_CODE = -999
-REPO_CREATE_COMMAND = ('borg', 'repo-create', '--encryption', 'repokey')
+REPO_CREATE_COMMAND = ('borg', 'repo-create', '--log-json', '--encryption', 'repokey')
 
 
 def insert_repo_info_command_found_mock():
@@ -352,27 +352,6 @@ def test_create_repository_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
     )
 
 
-def test_create_repository_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flag():
-    insert_repo_info_command_not_found_mock()
-    insert_repo_create_command_mock((*REPO_CREATE_COMMAND, '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(
-        (
-            '--repo',
-            'repo',
-        ),
-    )
-
-    module.create_repository(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        encryption_mode='repokey',
-    )
-
-
 def test_create_repository_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flag():
     insert_repo_info_command_not_found_mock()
     insert_repo_create_command_mock((*REPO_CREATE_COMMAND, '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'))

tests/unit/borg/test_repo_delete.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_with_feature_available_runs_borg_repo_delete()
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_without_feature_available_runs_borg_delete():
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_without_feature_available_runs_borg_delete():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_log_info():
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_log_info():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--info', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--info', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_log_debug():
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_log_debug():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_dry_run():
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_dry_run():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--dry-run', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--dry-run', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_remote_path():
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_remote_path():
         remote_path='borg1',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--remote-path', 'borg1', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_umask():
@@ -163,32 +163,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_umask():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--umask', '077', 'repo')
-
-
-def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_log_json():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args(
-        'log-json',
-        True,
-    ).and_return(('--log-json',))
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(
-        ('repo',),
-    )
-
-    command = module.make_repo_delete_command(
-        repository={'path': 'repo'},
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        repo_delete_arguments=flexmock(list_details=False, force=0),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(dry_run=False),
-        local_path='borg',
-        remote_path=None,
-    )
-
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_lock_wait():
@@ -213,7 +188,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_lock_wait():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_without_feature_available_includes_delete_extra_borg_options():
@@ -234,7 +209,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_without_feature_available_includes_delete_extr
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'delete', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_with_feature_available_includes_delete_extra_borg_options():
@@ -255,7 +230,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_with_feature_available_includes_delete_extra_b
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_list():
@@ -280,7 +255,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_list():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--list', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', '--list', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_force():
@@ -301,7 +276,7 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_force():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--force', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', '--force', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_force_twice():
@@ -322,11 +297,12 @@ def test_make_repo_delete_command_includes_force_twice():
         remote_path=None,
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--force', '--force', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-delete', '--log-json', '--force', '--force', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_delete_repository_with_defaults_does_not_capture_output():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     command = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_repo_delete_command').and_return(command)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.environment).should_receive('make_environment').and_return(
@@ -356,6 +332,7 @@ def test_delete_repository_with_defaults_does_not_capture_output():
 
 def test_delete_repository_with_force_captures_output():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     command = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_repo_delete_command').and_return(command)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.environment).should_receive('make_environment').and_return(
@@ -385,6 +362,7 @@ def test_delete_repository_with_force_captures_output():
 
 def test_delete_repository_with_cache_only_captures_output():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     command = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_repo_delete_command').and_return(command)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.environment).should_receive('make_environment').and_return(
@@ -414,6 +392,7 @@ def test_delete_repository_with_cache_only_captures_output():
 
 def test_delete_repository_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
     command = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('make_repo_delete_command').and_return(command)
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.borg.environment).should_receive('make_environment').and_return(

tests/unit/borg/test_repo_info.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_calls_borg_with_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_calls_borg_with_flags():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_without_borg_features_calls_borg_with_info_sub_
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_without_borg_features_calls_borg_with_info_sub_
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_info_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_out
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_log_debug_and_json_suppresses_most_borg_ou
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_json_calls_borg_with_json_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg1', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg1', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg1', 'repo-info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg1', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_fl
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_fl
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--umask', '077', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--umask', '077', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -442,50 +442,6 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_display_repository_info_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(True)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').replace_with(
-        lambda name, value: (f'--{name}', value) if value else (),
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('log-json', True).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',),
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(
-        (
-            '--repo',
-            'repo',
-        ),
-    )
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        environment=None,
-        working_directory=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
-    ).and_return('[]')
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        environment=None,
-        working_directory=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
-    )
-
-    module.display_repository_info(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
-        repo_info_arguments=flexmock(json=False),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_display_repository_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
@@ -503,7 +459,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags(
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--lock-wait', '5', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -511,7 +467,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags(
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -545,7 +501,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_without_feature_available_calls_borg_with_info_
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--extra', 'value with space', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -553,7 +509,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_without_feature_available_calls_borg_with_info_
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'info', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'info', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -587,7 +543,16 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_feature_available_calls_borg_with_repo_inf
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--extra', 'value with space', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        (
+            'borg',
+            'repo-info',
+            '--log-json',
+            '--extra',
+            'value with space',
+            '--json',
+            '--repo',
+            'repo',
+        ),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -595,7 +560,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_with_feature_available_calls_borg_with_repo_inf
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
@@ -630,7 +595,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
         '/working/dir',
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         environment=None,
         working_directory='/working/dir',
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -638,7 +603,7 @@ def test_display_repository_info_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
     ).and_return('[]')
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('warn_for_aggressive_archive_flags')
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'repo-info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         environment=None,
         working_directory='/working/dir',

tests/unit/borg/test_repo_list.py

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_calls_borg_with_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         borg_local_path='borg',
         borg_exit_codes=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_without_info_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_without_debug_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg1', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg1', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg1',
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags()
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg1', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg1', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_without_archives_raises():
     flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -348,38 +348,6 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_without_archives_raises():
         )
 
 
-def test_get_latest_archive_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flag():
-    expected_archive = {'name': 'archive-name', 'id': 'd34db33f'}
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('log-json', True).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',)
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('last', 1).and_return(
-        ('--last', '1')
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
-        environment=None,
-        working_directory=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
-    ).and_return(json.dumps({'archives': [expected_archive]}))
-
-    assert (
-        module.get_latest_archive(
-            'repo',
-            config={'log_json': True},
-            local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-            global_arguments=flexmock(),
-        )
-        == expected_archive
-    )
-
-
 def test_get_latest_archive_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     expected_archive = {'name': 'archive-name', 'id': 'd34db33f'}
     flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
@@ -394,7 +362,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--lock-wait', 'okay', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', 'okay', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -426,6 +394,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_calls_borg_with_list_extra_borg_options():
         (
             'borg',
             'list',
+            '--log-json',
             *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS[:-1],
             '--extra',
             'value with space',
@@ -462,6 +431,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_feature_available_calls_borg_with_repo_list_ext
         (
             'borg',
             'repo-list',
+            '--log-json',
             *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS[:-1],
             '--extra',
             'value with space',
@@ -498,7 +468,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_consider_checkpoints_calls_borg_with_consider_c
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', '--consider-checkpoints', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--consider-checkpoints', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -531,7 +501,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_with_consider_checkpoints_and_feature_available_call
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'repo-list', *BORG_REPO_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'repo-list', '--log-json', *BORG_REPO_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         environment=None,
         working_directory=None,
         borg_local_path='borg',
@@ -563,7 +533,7 @@ def test_get_latest_archive_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
         '/working/dir',
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command_and_capture_output').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'list', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
+        ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', *BORG_LIST_LATEST_ARGUMENTS),
         borg_local_path='borg',
         borg_exit_codes=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -608,7 +578,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_log_info():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--info', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--info', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json_but_not_info():
@@ -638,7 +608,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json_but_not_info():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_log_debug():
@@ -668,7 +638,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_log_debug():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--debug', '--show-rc', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json_but_not_debug():
@@ -698,7 +668,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json_but_not_debug():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json():
@@ -727,38 +697,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_json():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--json', 'repo')
-
-
-def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_log_json():
-    flexmock(module.feature).should_receive('available').and_return(False)
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(()).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',),
-    ).and_return(()).and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').with_args(
-        None,
-        None,
-        '1.2.3',
-    ).and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('repo',))
-
-    command = module.make_repo_list_command(
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='1.2.3',
-        repo_list_arguments=flexmock(
-            archive=None,
-            paths=None,
-            format=None,
-            json=False,
-            prefix=None,
-            match_archives=None,
-        ),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_lock_wait():
@@ -789,7 +728,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_lock_wait():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--lock-wait', '5', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--lock-wait', '5', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_list_extra_borg_options():
@@ -818,7 +757,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_list_extra_borg_options():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_with_feature_available_includes_repo_list_extra_borg_options():
@@ -847,7 +786,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_with_feature_available_includes_repo_list_extra_
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-list', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'repo-list', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_local_path():
@@ -877,7 +816,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_local_path():
         local_path='borg2',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg2', 'list', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg2', 'list', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_remote_path():
@@ -909,7 +848,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_remote_path():
         remote_path='borg2',
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg2', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--remote-path', 'borg2', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_umask():
@@ -940,7 +879,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_umask():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives():
@@ -966,7 +905,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_transforms_prefix_into_match_archives():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
@@ -988,7 +927,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_prefers_prefix_over_archive_name_format():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archives():
@@ -1017,7 +956,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_transforms_archive_name_format_into_match_archiv
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_format_from_command_line():
@@ -1049,7 +988,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_format_from_command_line():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--format', 'stuff', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--format', 'stuff', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_short():
@@ -1079,7 +1018,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_short():
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--short', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--short', 'repo')
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -1124,7 +1063,14 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_includes_additional_flags(argument_name):
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--' + argument_name.replace('_', '-'), 'value', 'repo')
+    assert command == (
+        'borg',
+        'list',
+        '--log-json',
+        '--' + argument_name.replace('_', '-'),
+        'value',
+        'repo',
+    )
 
 
 def test_make_repo_list_command_with_match_archives_calls_borg_with_match_archives_flags():
@@ -1159,7 +1105,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_with_match_archives_calls_borg_with_match_archiv
         global_arguments=flexmock(),
     )
 
-    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--match-archives', 'foo-*', 'repo')
+    assert command == ('borg', 'list', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'foo-*', 'repo')
 
 
 def test_list_repository_calls_two_commands():
@@ -1238,6 +1184,7 @@ def test_make_repo_list_command_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_ba
     assert command == (
         'borg',
         'list',
+        '--log-json',
         '--newer',
         '1d',
         '--newest',

tests/unit/borg/test_transfer.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_calls_borg_with_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_dry_run_calls_borg_with_dry_run_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo', '--dry-run'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', '--dry-run'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--info', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--info', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--debug', '--show-rc', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_archive_calls_borg_with_match_archives_flag():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--match-archives', 'archive', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'archive', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_match_archives_calls_borg_with_match_archives_fl
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:foo*', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_archive_name_format_calls_borg_with_match_archiv
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--match-archives', 'sh:bar-*', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_local_path_calls_borg_via_local_path():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg2', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg2', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_exit_codes_calls_borg_using_them():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_remote_path_calls_borg_with_remote_path_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--remote-path', 'borg2', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--remote-path', 'borg2', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--umask', '077', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--umask', '077', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -407,43 +407,6 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_umask_calls_borg_with_umask_flags():
     )
 
 
-def test_transfer_archives_with_log_json_calls_borg_with_log_json_flags():
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
-    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('log-json', True).and_return(
-        ('--log-json',),
-    )
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
-    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
-    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
-    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
-        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
-        output_file=None,
-        environment=None,
-        working_directory=None,
-        borg_local_path='borg',
-        borg_exit_codes=None,
-    )
-
-    module.transfer_archives(
-        dry_run=False,
-        repository_path='repo',
-        config={'log_json': True},
-        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
-        transfer_arguments=flexmock(
-            archive=None,
-            progress=None,
-            match_archives=None,
-            source_repository=None,
-        ),
-        global_arguments=flexmock(),
-    )
-
-
 def test_transfer_archives_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
@@ -458,7 +421,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_lock_wait_calls_borg_with_lock_wait_flags():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--lock-wait', '5', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -493,7 +456,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -554,6 +517,43 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_progress_calls_borg_with_progress_flags():
     )
 
 
+def test_transfer_archives_with_log_json_and_progress_calls_borg_with_both_flags():
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags').with_args('progress', True).and_return(
+        ('--progress',),
+    )
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_match_archives_flags').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_flags_from_arguments').and_return(())
+    flexmock(module.flags).should_receive('make_repository_flags').and_return(('--repo', 'repo'))
+    flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--progress', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
+        output_file=module.DO_NOT_CAPTURE,
+        environment=None,
+        working_directory=None,
+        borg_local_path='borg',
+        borg_exit_codes=None,
+    )
+
+    module.transfer_archives(
+        dry_run=False,
+        repository_path='repo',
+        config={'log_json': True, 'progress': True},
+        local_borg_version='2.3.4',
+        transfer_arguments=flexmock(
+            archive=None,
+            progress=None,
+            match_archives=None,
+            source_repository=None,
+        ),
+        global_arguments=flexmock(),
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('argument_name', ('upgrader', 'sort_by', 'first', 'last'))
 def test_transfer_archives_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_passes_through_arguments_to_borg(argument_name):
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', flag_name, 'value', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_source_repository_calls_borg_with_other_repo_fla
     flexmock(module.environment).should_receive('make_environment')
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.config.paths).should_receive('get_working_directory').and_return(None)
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo', '--other-repo', 'other'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo', '--other-repo', 'other'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,
@@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_with_date_based_matching_calls_borg_with_date_based_f
         (
             'borg',
             'transfer',
+            '--log-json',
             '--newer',
             '1d',
             '--newest',
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@ def test_transfer_archives_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
         '/working/dir',
     )
     flexmock(module).should_receive('execute_command').with_args(
-        ('borg', 'transfer', '--repo', 'repo'),
+        ('borg', 'transfer', '--log-json', '--repo', 'repo'),
         output_log_level=module.borgmatic.logger.ANSWER,
         output_file=None,
         environment=None,

tests/unit/borg/test_umount.py

@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@ def insert_execute_command_mock(
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_required_parameters():
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '/mnt'))
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={}, mount_point='/mnt')
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_with_log_info_calls_borg_with_info_parameter():
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '--info', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '--info', '/mnt'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.INFO)
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={}, mount_point='/mnt')
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameters():
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '--debug', '--show-rc', '/mnt'))
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '--debug', '--show-rc', '/mnt'))
     insert_logging_mock(logging.DEBUG)
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={}, mount_point='/mnt')
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ def test_unmount_archive_with_log_debug_calls_borg_with_debug_parameters():
 
 def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
     insert_execute_command_mock(
-        ('borg', 'umount', '--extra', 'value with space', '/mnt'), borg_local_path='borg'
+        ('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '--extra', 'value with space', '/mnt'),
+        borg_local_path='borg',
     )
 
     module.unmount_archive(
@@ -55,19 +56,23 @@ def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_extra_borg_options():
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_local_path():
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'umount', '/mnt'), borg_local_path='borg1')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg1', 'umount', '--log-json', '/mnt'), borg_local_path='borg1')
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={}, mount_point='/mnt', local_path='borg1')
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_exit_codes():
     borg_exit_codes = flexmock()
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '/mnt'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes)
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '/mnt'), borg_exit_codes=borg_exit_codes
+    )
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={'borg_exit_codes': borg_exit_codes}, mount_point='/mnt')
 
 
 def test_unmount_archive_calls_borg_with_working_directory():
-    insert_execute_command_mock(('borg', 'umount', '/mnt'), working_directory='/working/dir')
+    insert_execute_command_mock(
+        ('borg', 'umount', '--log-json', '/mnt'), working_directory='/working/dir'
+    )
 
     module.unmount_archive(config={'working_directory': '/working/dir'}, mount_point='/mnt')

tests/unit/test_execute.py

@@ -68,63 +68,178 @@ def test_command_for_process_passes_through_string_command():
     assert module.command_for_process(process) == 'foo bar baz'
 
 
-def test_output_buffer_for_process_returns_stderr_when_stdout_excluded():
+def test_output_buffers_for_process_returns_stdout_and_stderr_by_default():
     stdout = flexmock()
     stderr = flexmock()
     process = flexmock(stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)
 
-    assert module.output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts=[flexmock(), stdout]) == stderr
-
-
-def test_output_buffer_for_process_returns_stdout_when_not_excluded():
-    stdout = flexmock()
-    process = flexmock(stdout=stdout)
-
-    assert (
-        module.output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts=[flexmock(), flexmock()])
-        == stdout
+    assert module.output_buffers_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts=[flexmock(), flexmock()]) == (
+        stdout,
+        stderr,
     )
 
 
-def test_append_last_lines_under_max_line_count_appends():
-    last_lines = ['last']
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').once()
+def test_output_buffers_for_process_returns_stderr_only_when_stdout_excluded():
+    stdout = flexmock()
+    stderr = flexmock()
+    process = flexmock(stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)
 
-    module.append_last_lines(
+    assert module.output_buffers_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts=[flexmock(), stdout]) == (
+        stderr,
+    )
+
+
+def test_borg_log_line_to_record_parses_line():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').never()
+    line = '{"levelname": "INFO", "time": 12345, "message": "All done", "name": "borg.something"}'
+
+    record = module.borg_log_line_to_record(line, module.logging.INFO)
+
+    assert record.levelno == module.logging.INFO
+    assert record.created == 12345
+    assert record.msg == 'All done'
+    assert record.levelname == 'INFO'
+    assert record.name == 'borg.something'
+
+
+def test_borg_log_line_to_record_with_invalid_json_falls_back_to_raw_line():
+    record = flexmock()
+    line = '{invalid'
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        line, module.logging.INFO
+    ).and_return(record).once()
+
+    assert module.borg_log_line_to_record(line, module.logging.INFO) == record
+
+
+def test_borg_log_line_to_record_with_non_dict_json_falls_back_to_raw_line():
+    record = flexmock()
+    line = '[]'
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        line, module.logging.INFO
+    ).and_return(record).once()
+
+    assert module.borg_log_line_to_record(line, module.logging.INFO) == record
+
+
+def test_log_line_to_record_makes_log_record():
+    line = 'All done'
+
+    record = module.log_line_to_record(line, module.logging.INFO)
+
+    assert record.msg == line
+    assert record.levelno == module.logging.INFO
+    assert record.levelname == 'INFO'
+
+
+def test_parse_log_line_with_borg_command_parses_borg_log_line():
+    record = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borg_log_line_to_record').and_return(record).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').never()
+
+    assert (
+        module.parse_log_line(
+            'All done',
+            module.logging.INFO,
+            came_from_stderr=False,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            command=['borg', 'do-stuff'],
+        )
+        == record
+    )
+
+
+def test_parse_log_line_without_borg_command_parses_plain_log_line():
+    record = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borg_log_line_to_record').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').and_return(record).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.parse_log_line(
+            'All done',
+            module.logging.INFO,
+            came_from_stderr=False,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            command=['totally-not-borg', 'do-stuff'],
+        )
+        == record
+    )
+
+
+def test_parse_log_line_with_came_from_stderr_makes_error_record():
+    record = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borg_log_line_to_record').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        'All done', module.logging.ERROR
+    ).and_return(record).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.parse_log_line(
+            'All done',
+            module.logging.INFO,
+            came_from_stderr=True,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            command=['totally-not-borg', 'do-stuff'],
+        )
+        == record
+    )
+
+
+def test_parse_log_line_with_came_from_stderr_and_warning_prefix_makes_warning_record():
+    record = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('borg_log_line_to_record').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_line_to_record').with_args(
+        'warning: All done', module.logging.WARNING
+    ).and_return(record).once()
+
+    assert (
+        module.parse_log_line(
+            'warning: All done',
+            module.logging.INFO,
+            came_from_stderr=True,
+            borg_local_path='borg',
+            command=['totally-not-borg', 'do-stuff'],
+        )
+        == record
+    )
+
+
+def test_handle_log_record_under_max_line_count_appends():
+    last_lines = ['last']
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').once()
+
+    module.handle_log_record(
+        flexmock(levelno=module.logging.INFO, getMessage=lambda: 'line'),
         last_lines,
         captured_output=flexmock(),
-        line='line',
-        output_log_level=flexmock(),
     )
 
     assert last_lines == ['last', 'line']
 
 
-def test_append_last_lines_over_max_line_count_trims_and_appends():
+def test_handle_log_record_over_max_line_count_trims_and_appends():
     original_last_lines = [str(number) for number in range(module.ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT)]
     last_lines = list(original_last_lines)
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').once()
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').once()
 
-    module.append_last_lines(
+    module.handle_log_record(
+        flexmock(levelno=module.logging.INFO, getMessage=lambda: 'line'),
         last_lines,
         captured_output=flexmock(),
-        line='line',
-        output_log_level=flexmock(),
     )
 
     assert last_lines == [*original_last_lines[1:], 'line']
 
 
-def test_append_last_lines_with_output_log_level_none_appends_captured_output():
+def test_handle_log_record_with_output_log_level_none_appends_captured_output():
     last_lines = ['last']
     captured_output = ['captured']
-    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log').never()
+    flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('handle').never()
 
-    module.append_last_lines(
+    module.handle_log_record(
+        flexmock(levelno=None, getMessage=lambda: 'line'),
         last_lines,
         captured_output=captured_output,
-        line='line',
-        output_log_level=None,
     )
 
     assert captured_output == ['captured', 'line']
@@ -204,7 +319,7 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -270,7 +385,7 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_input_file():
         full_command,
         stdin=input_file,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -291,7 +406,7 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_shell():
         ' '.join(full_command),
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=True,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -312,7 +427,7 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_environment():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env={'a': 'b'},
         cwd=None,
@@ -333,7 +448,7 @@ def test_execute_command_calls_full_command_with_working_directory():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd='/working',
@@ -355,65 +470,70 @@ def test_execute_command_without_run_to_completion_returns_process():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
     ).and_return(process).once()
     flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs')
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     assert module.execute_command(full_command, run_to_completion=False) == process
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_stdout():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(full_command)
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == 'out'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_with_capture_stderr_returns_stderr():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(full_command, capture_stderr=True)
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == 'out'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_when_process_error_is_not_considered_an_error():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     err_output = b'[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -425,22 +545,22 @@ def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_when_process_error_is
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(full_command)
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == '[]'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_raises_when_command_errors():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_raise(subprocess.CalledProcessError(2, full_command, expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_raise(subprocess.CalledProcessError(2, full_command, 'error')).once()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('interpret_exit_code').and_return(
         module.Exit_status.ERROR,
     ).once()
@@ -451,36 +571,42 @@ def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_raises_when_command_errors():
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_with_shell():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         'foo bar',
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=True,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(full_command, shell=True)
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == 'out'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_with_environment():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env={'a': 'b'},
         cwd=None,
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(
         full_command,
@@ -488,22 +614,25 @@ def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_with_environment():
         environment={'a': 'b'},
     )
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == 'out'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_with_working_directory():
     full_command = ['foo', 'bar']
-    expected_output = '[]'
     flexmock(module).should_receive('log_command')
-    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('check_output').with_args(
+    process = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module.subprocess).should_receive('Popen').with_args(
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
-        stderr=None,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd='/working',
         close_fds=False,
-    ).and_return(flexmock(decode=lambda: expected_output)).once()
+    ).and_return(process).once()
+    flexmock(module.borgmatic.logger).should_receive('Log_prefix').and_return(flexmock())
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('log_outputs').and_return({process: 'out'})
 
     output = module.execute_command_and_capture_output(
         full_command,
@@ -511,7 +640,7 @@ def test_execute_command_and_capture_output_returns_output_with_working_director
         working_directory='/working',
     )
 
-    assert output == expected_output
+    assert output == 'out'
 
 
 def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command():
@@ -522,7 +651,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -545,7 +674,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_returns_output_with_output_log_level_non
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -618,7 +747,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command_with_input_file():
         full_command,
         stdin=input_file,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -640,7 +769,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command_with_shell():
         ' '.join(full_command),
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=True,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,
@@ -662,7 +791,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command_with_environment():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env={'a': 'b'},
         cwd=None,
@@ -684,7 +813,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_calls_full_command_with_working_director
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd='/working',
@@ -713,7 +842,7 @@ def test_execute_command_with_processes_kills_processes_on_error():
         full_command,
         stdin=None,
         stdout=module.subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=module.subprocess.STDOUT,
+        stderr=module.subprocess.PIPE,
         shell=False,
         env=None,
         cwd=None,

tests/unit/test_logger.py

@@ -182,6 +182,67 @@ def test_multi_stream_handler_logs_to_handler_for_log_level():
     multi_handler.emit(flexmock(levelno=module.logging.ERROR))
 
 
+LOGGING_ANSWER = flexmock()
+
+
+def test_journald_handler_serializes_log_record_to_socket():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = LOGGING_ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getpid').and_return(12345)
+    socket = flexmock()
+    socket.should_receive('sendto').with_args(
+        b'MESSAGE=All done\nPRIORITY=6\nSYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=borgmatic\nSYSLOG_PID=12345\n',
+        '/socket/path',
+    ).once()
+    socket.should_receive('close')
+    flexmock(module.socket).should_receive('socket').and_return(socket)
+
+    module.JournaldHandler('/socket/path').emit(
+        flexmock(
+            levelno=module.logging.INFO,
+            getMessage=lambda: 'All done',
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def test_journald_handler_serializes_multi_line_log_record_to_socket():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = LOGGING_ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.os).should_receive('getpid').and_return(12345)
+    socket = flexmock()
+    socket.should_receive('sendto').with_args(
+        b'MESSAGE\n'
+        b'\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'  # Message length, serialized.
+        b'All\ndone\nPRIORITY=6\nSYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=borgmatic\nSYSLOG_PID=12345\n',
+        '/socket/path',
+    ).once()
+    socket.should_receive('close')
+    flexmock(module.socket).should_receive('socket').and_return(socket)
+
+    module.JournaldHandler('/socket/path').emit(
+        flexmock(
+            levelno=module.logging.INFO,
+            getMessage=lambda: 'All\ndone',
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def test_log_record_to_json_formats_record_as_json():
+    assert (
+        module.log_record_to_json(
+            flexmock(
+                created=12345,
+                levelno=module.logging.INFO,
+                levelname='INFO',
+                name='borg.something',
+                extra='ignored',
+                getMessage=lambda: 'All done',
+            )
+        )
+        == '{"type": "log_message", "time": 12345, "message": "All done", "levelname": "INFO", "name": "borg.something"}'
+    )
+
+
 def test_console_color_formatter_format_includes_log_message():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
@@ -447,7 +508,9 @@ def test_flush_delayed_logging_flushes_delayed_logging_handler():
 def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -458,8 +521,15 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux(
         level=logging.DEBUG,
         handlers=list,
     )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
-    syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
+    syslog_handler = flexmock(
+        level=module.logging.DEBUG,
+        setLevel=lambda log_level: None,
+        setFormatter=lambda formatter: None,
+    )
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').with_args(
         address='/dev/log',
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
@@ -470,7 +540,9 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_linux(
 def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -481,9 +553,16 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos(
         level=logging.DEBUG,
         handlers=list,
     )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/run/syslog').and_return(True)
-    syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
+    syslog_handler = flexmock(
+        level=module.logging.DEBUG,
+        setLevel=lambda log_level: None,
+        setFormatter=lambda formatter: None,
+    )
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').with_args(
         address='/var/run/syslog',
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
@@ -494,7 +573,9 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_macos(
 def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebsd():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -505,10 +586,17 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebs
         level=logging.DEBUG,
         handlers=list,
     )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/run/syslog').and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/var/run/log').and_return(True)
-    syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
+    syslog_handler = flexmock(
+        level=module.logging.DEBUG,
+        setLevel=lambda log_level: None,
+        setFormatter=lambda formatter: None,
+    )
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').with_args(
         address='/var/run/log',
     ).and_return(syslog_handler).once()
@@ -516,10 +604,40 @@ def test_configure_logging_with_syslog_log_level_probes_for_log_socket_on_freebs
     module.configure_logging(logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
+def test_configure_logging_with_journald_probes_for_log_socket():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
+    fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
+    multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
+    multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(multi_stream_handler)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('interactive_console').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('flush_delayed_logging')
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
+        level=logging.DEBUG,
+        handlers=list,
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(True)
+    journald_handler = flexmock(level=module.logging.DEBUG, setLevel=lambda log_level: None)
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('JournaldHandler').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(journald_handler).once()
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').never()
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').never()
+
+    module.configure_logging(logging.INFO, syslog_log_level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+
 def test_configure_logging_without_syslog_log_level_skips_syslog():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -539,6 +657,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_syslog_if_not_found():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -558,6 +677,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_log_file_if_log_file_logging_is_disabled():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).DISABLED = module.DISABLED
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -583,6 +703,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_log_file_instead_of_syslog():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -612,6 +733,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_both_log_file_and_syslog():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -622,6 +744,9 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_both_log_file_and_syslog():
         level=logging.DEBUG,
         handlers=list,
     )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args(
+        module.JOURNALD_SOCKET_PATH
+    ).and_return(False)
     flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').with_args('/dev/log').and_return(True)
     syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('SysLogHandler').with_args(
@@ -647,6 +772,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_to_log_file_formats_with_custom_log_format():
         '{message}',
     ).once()
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -677,6 +803,7 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_log_file_if_argument_is_none():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
     multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
@@ -693,10 +820,11 @@ def test_configure_logging_skips_log_file_if_argument_is_none():
     module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file=None)
 
 
-def test_configure_logging_uses_console_no_color_formatter_if_color_disabled():
+def test_configure_logging_with_color_disabled_uses_console_no_color_formatter():
     flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
     flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
     fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').never()
     flexmock(module).should_receive('Log_prefix_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter)
     multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
@@ -712,3 +840,27 @@ def test_configure_logging_uses_console_no_color_formatter_if_color_disabled():
     flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('WatchedFileHandler').never()
 
     module.configure_logging(console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file=None, color_enabled=False)
+
+
+def test_configure_logging_with_log_json_uses_json_formatter():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('add_custom_log_levels')
+    flexmock(module.logging).ANSWER = module.ANSWER
+    fake_formatter = flexmock()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Json_formatter').and_return(fake_formatter).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Console_color_formatter').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Log_prefix_formatter').never()
+    multi_stream_handler = flexmock(setLevel=lambda level: None, level=logging.INFO)
+    multi_stream_handler.should_receive('setFormatter').with_args(fake_formatter).once()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('Multi_stream_handler').and_return(multi_stream_handler)
+
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('flush_delayed_logging')
+    flexmock(module.logging).should_receive('basicConfig').with_args(
+        level=logging.INFO,
+        handlers=list,
+    )
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('exists').and_return(False)
+    flexmock(module.logging.handlers).should_receive('WatchedFileHandler').never()
+
+    module.configure_logging(
+        console_log_level=logging.INFO, log_file=None, log_json=True, color_enabled=False
+    )