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Networking
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Bridging
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Link Aggregation
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Ethernet Interfaces
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VLAN Interfaces
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IP Addressing
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Routing
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Firewall Configuration
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Quality of Service
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Tunneling (L2/L3)
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Tunneling (L2/L3)
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Basic GRE Configuration
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GRETAP Configuration
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OSPF over GRE
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Advanced Tunnel Settings
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Time To Live (TTL)
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Path MTU Discovery (GRE only)
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Basic VXLAN Configuration
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VXLAN with Custom UDP Port
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="tunnel-configuration">Tunnel Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#tunnel-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<p>Infix supports multiple tunnel encapsulation protocols for connecting
remote networks or devices across an IP backbone. Tunnels encapsulate
packets within IP datagrams, allowing traffic to traverse intermediate
networks transparently.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>When issuing <code>leave</code> to activate your changes, remember to also save
your settings, <code>copy running-config startup-config</code>. See the <a href="../cli/introduction/">CLI
Introduction</a> for a background.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="generic-routing-encapsulation-gre">Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)<a class="headerlink" href="#generic-routing-encapsulation-gre" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>GRE tunnels provide a simple and efficient method to encapsulate various
network layer protocols over IP networks. Infix supports both IPv4 and
IPv6 tunnels in two modes:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>GRE (Layer 3):</strong> Point-to-point IP tunnel for routing protocols and
routed traffic</li>
<li><strong>GRETAP (Layer 2):</strong> Ethernet tunnel for bridging Layer 2 networks</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>If you name your tunnel interface <code>greN</code> or <code>gretapN</code>, where <code>N</code> is a
number, the CLI infers the interface type automatically.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="basic-gre-configuration">Basic GRE Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-gre-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>A basic GRE tunnel for routing between two sites:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre local 192.168.3.1 remote 192.168.3.2</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 address 10.255.0.1 prefix-length 30</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>This creates a Layer 3 tunnel between 192.168.3.1 and 192.168.3.2 using
the outer IP addresses, with the tunnel itself using 10.255.0.0/30 for
the inner IP addressing.</p>
<h3 id="gretap-configuration">GRETAP Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#gretap-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>GRETAP tunnels operate at Layer 2, allowing bridging across the tunnel:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gretap0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gretap0/&gt; <b>set type gretap</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gretap0/&gt; <b>set gre local 192.168.3.1 remote 192.168.3.2</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gretap0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>GRETAP interfaces can be added to a bridge, bridging local and remote Ethernet
segments. See the <a href="../bridging/">Bridge Configuration</a>
for more on bridges.</p>
<h3 id="ospf-over-gre">OSPF over GRE<a class="headerlink" href="#ospf-over-gre" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>GRE tunnels are commonly used to carry dynamic routing protocols like
OSPF across networks that don't support multicast or where you want to
create a virtual topology different from the physical network.</p>
<p>Example topology: Two sites connected via a GRE tunnel, running OSPF to
exchange routes.</p>
<p><strong>Site A configuration:</strong></p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@siteA:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@siteA:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@siteA:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre local 203.0.113.1 remote 203.0.113.2</b>
admin@siteA:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 address 10.255.0.1 prefix-length 30</b>
admin@siteA:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 forwarding</b>
admin@siteA:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>end</b>
admin@siteA:/config/&gt; <b>edit routing control-plane-protocol ospfv2 name default ospf</b>
admin@siteA:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>set area 0.0.0.0 interface gre0</b>
admin@siteA:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@siteA:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Site B configuration:</strong></p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@siteB:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@siteB:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@siteB:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre local 203.0.113.2 remote 203.0.113.1</b>
admin@siteB:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 address 10.255.0.2 prefix-length 30</b>
admin@siteB:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 forwarding</b>
admin@siteB:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>end</b>
admin@siteB:/config/&gt; <b>edit routing control-plane-protocol ospfv2 name default ospf</b>
admin@siteB:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>set area 0.0.0.0 interface gre0</b>
admin@siteB:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@siteB:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Once configured, OSPF will establish a neighbor relationship through the
tunnel and exchange routes between the sites. For more info on OSPF
configuration, see <a href="../routing/#ospfv2-routing">OSPFv2 Routing</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Consider adjusting MTU on the tunnel interface to account for GRE
overhead (typically 24 bytes for IPv4, 44 bytes for IPv6) to avoid
fragmentation issues.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="advanced-tunnel-settings">Advanced Tunnel Settings<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-tunnel-settings" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>All tunnel types support common parameters for controlling tunnel behavior
and performance.</p>
<h4 id="time-to-live-ttl">Time To Live (TTL)<a class="headerlink" href="#time-to-live-ttl" title="Permanent link"></a></h4>
<p>The TTL setting controls the Time To Live value for the outer tunnel packets.
By default, tunnels use a fixed TTL of 64, which allows packets to traverse
multiple hops between tunnel endpoints.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre ttl 255</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
</code></pre>
<p>Valid values are 1-255, or the special value <code>inherit</code> which copies the TTL
from the encapsulated packet.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>The <code>inherit</code> mode can cause problems with routing protocols like OSPF
that use TTL=1 for their packets. For tunnels carrying routing protocols,
always use a fixed TTL value (typically 64 or 255).</p>
</div>
<h4 id="type-of-service-tos">Type of Service (ToS)<a class="headerlink" href="#type-of-service-tos" title="Permanent link"></a></h4>
<p>The ToS setting controls QoS marking for tunnel traffic:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre tos 0x10</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
</code></pre>
<p>Valid values are 0-255 for fixed ToS/DSCP marking, or <code>inherit</code> (default)
to copy the ToS value from the encapsulated packet.</p>
<h4 id="path-mtu-discovery-gre-only">Path MTU Discovery (GRE only)<a class="headerlink" href="#path-mtu-discovery-gre-only" title="Permanent link"></a></h4>
<p>The <code>pmtu-discovery</code> setting can be used to control the Path MTU Discovery on
GRE tunnels. When enabled (default), the tunnel respects the Don't Fragment
(DF) bit and performs PMTU discovery:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface gre0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>set gre pmtudisc false</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/gre0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
</code></pre>
<p>Disabling PMTU discovery may be necessary in networks with broken ICMP
filtering but can lead to suboptimal performance and fragmentation.</p>
<h2 id="virtual-extensible-local-area-network-vxlan">Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN)<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-extensible-local-area-network-vxlan" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>VXLAN is a network virtualization technology that encapsulates Layer 2
Ethernet frames within Layer 4 UDP datagrams. It uses a 24-bit segment
ID, termed VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI), allowing up to 16 million
isolated networks.</p>
<p>Infix supports both IPv4 and IPv6 for VXLAN tunnel endpoints.</p>
<h3 id="basic-vxlan-configuration">Basic VXLAN Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-vxlan-configuration" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>If you name your VXLAN interface <code>vxlanN</code>, where <code>N</code> is a number, the
CLI infers the interface type automatically.</p>
</div>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface vxlan100</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan local 192.168.3.1</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan remote 192.168.3.2</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan vni 100</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The VNI uniquely identifies the VXLAN segment and must match on both
tunnel endpoints.</p>
<h3 id="vxlan-with-custom-udp-port">VXLAN with Custom UDP Port<a class="headerlink" href="#vxlan-with-custom-udp-port" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>The default VXLAN UDP destination port is 4789 (IANA assigned). In some
cases you may need to use a different port:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface vxlan100</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan local 192.168.3.1</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan remote 192.168.3.2</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan vni 100</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>set vxlan remote-port 8472</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/vxlan100/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The remote-port setting allows interoperability with systems using
non-standard VXLAN ports.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>VXLAN tunnels also support the <code>ttl</code> and <code>tos</code> settings described in
the <a href="#advanced-tunnel-settings">Advanced Tunnel Settings</a> section above.</p>
</div>
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