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Introduction
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Introduction
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Networking
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Networking
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Overview
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Common Settings
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Common Settings
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Interface Name
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Interface Type
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Enable/Disable
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Description
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Fixed custom MAC
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Chassis MAC
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Chassis MAC, with offset
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Bridging
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Link Aggregation
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Ethernet Interfaces
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VLAN Interfaces
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IP Addressing
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Routing
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Firewall Configuration
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Quality of Service
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RMON Counters
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Tunneling (L2/L3)
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VPN Tunnels
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<h1 id="common-interface-settings">Common Interface Settings<a class="headerlink" href="#common-interface-settings" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<p>Common interface settings include <code>name</code>, <code>type</code>, <code>enabled</code>, <code>description</code>,
and custom MAC address. Type-specific settings are covered in the dedicated
sections for <a href="../bridging/">Bridging</a>, <a href="../lag/">Link Aggregation</a>,
<a href="../ethernet/">Ethernet</a>, <a href="../ip/">IP Addressing</a>, and <a href="../routing/">Routing</a>.</p>
<h2 id="interface-name">Interface Name<a class="headerlink" href="#interface-name" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The interface name is limited to 1-15 characters due to Linux kernel
constraints. Physical interfaces use their system-assigned names (e.g.,
<code>eth0</code>, <code>eth1</code>), while user-created interfaces can be named freely within
this limit.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>Naming conventions like <code>br0</code>, <code>lag0</code>, <code>vlan10</code>, or <code>eth0.20</code> allow
the CLI to automatically infer the interface type.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="interface-type">Interface Type<a class="headerlink" href="#interface-type" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The <code>type</code> setting defines what kind of interface this is: <code>bridge</code>, <code>lag</code>,
<code>vlan</code>, <code>veth</code>, etc. When configuring via the CLI, the type is often
inferred from the interface name. However, when configuring remotely via
NETCONF or RESTCONF, the type <em>must</em> be set explicitly.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface br0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/br0/&gt; <b>set type bridge</b>
</code></pre>
<p>Available types can be listed from the CLI:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/interface/br0/&gt; <b>set type ?</b>
bridge IEEE bridge interface.
dummy Linux dummy interface. Useful mostly for testing.
ethernet Any Ethernet interfaces, regardless of speed, RFC 3635.
gre GRE tunnel interface.
gretap GRETAP (Ethernet over GRE) tunnel interface.
lag IEEE link aggregate interface.
loopback Linux loopback interface.
other Other interface, i.e., unknown.
veth Linux virtual Ethernet pair.
vlan Layer 2 Virtual LAN using 802.1Q.
vxlan Virtual eXtensible LAN tunnel interface.
wifi WiFi (802.11) interface
wireguard WireGuard VPN tunnel interface.
</code></pre>
<h2 id="enabledisable">Enable/Disable<a class="headerlink" href="#enabledisable" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>An interface can be administratively disabled using the <code>enabled</code> setting.
By default, interfaces are enabled (<code>true</code>).</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface eth0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0/&gt; <b>set enabled false</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
</code></pre>
<p>The operational status can be inspected to see both administrative and
actual link state:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>show interface</b>
<span class="header">INTERFACE PROTOCOL STATE DATA </span>
eth0 ethernet <b>DISABLED</b> 02:00:00:00:00:00
eth1 1000baseT UP duplex: full
ethernet 02:00:00:00:00:01
...
</code></pre>
<p>The rows are layered bottom-up by protocol: a physical-medium row (only
emitted when the link is up) on top, then the ethernet row carrying the
bare MAC, then any ipv4/ipv6 sub-rows. See <a href="../ethernet/">Ethernet</a> for the
full set of summary fields.</p>
<h2 id="description">Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The <code>description</code> is a free-form text string (max 64 characters) saved
as the Linux interface alias (<code>ifalias</code>). Use it to document an interface's
purpose or add notes for remote debugging.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface eth0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0/&gt; <b>set description "Uplink to core switch"</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
</code></pre>
<p>The description is visible in the operational datastore and in <code>show</code>
commands:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>show interface eth0</b>
name : eth0
description : Uplink to core switch
index : 2
...
</code></pre>
<h2 id="custom-mac-address">Custom MAC Address<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-mac-address" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The <code>custom-phys-address</code> can be used to set an interface's MAC address.
This is an extension to the ietf-interfaces YANG model, which defines
<code>phys-address</code> as read-only<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup>.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Caution</p>
<p>There is no validation or safety checks performed by the system when
using <code>custom-phys-address</code>. In particular the <code>offset</code> variant can
be dangerous to use -- pay attention to the meaning of bits in the
upper-most octet: local bit, multicast/group, etc.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="fixed-custom-mac">Fixed custom MAC<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-custom-mac" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Use a fixed custom MAC address when the interface must present a
specific, deterministic identity on the network. This option bypasses
any chassis-derived logic and applies the configured address verbatim.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface veth0a</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/veth0a/&gt; <b>set custom-phys-address static 00:ab:00:11:22:33</b>
=&gt; 00:ab:00:11:22:33
</code></pre>
<h3 id="chassis-mac">Chassis MAC<a class="headerlink" href="#chassis-mac" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Chassis MAC, sometimes also referred to as base MAC. In these two
examples it is <code>00:53:00:c0:ff:ee</code>.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface veth0a</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/veth0a/&gt; <b>set custom-phys-address chassis</b>
=&gt; 00:53:00:c0:ff:ee
</code></pre>
<h3 id="chassis-mac-with-offset">Chassis MAC, with offset<a class="headerlink" href="#chassis-mac-with-offset" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>When constructing a derived address it is recommended to set the locally
administered bit. Same chassis MAC as before.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface veth0a</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/veth0a/&gt; <b>set custom-phys-address chassis offset 02:00:00:00:00:02</b>
=&gt; 02:53:00:c0:ff:f0
</code></pre>
<h2 id="dummy-interface">Dummy Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#dummy-interface" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>A dummy interface is a virtual interface that is always administratively
and operationally UP, regardless of any physical link state. It can
hold IP addresses just like any other interface.</p>
<p>The two most common uses are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Stable OSPF router-ID</strong>: OSPF picks its router-ID from an interface
address. If that interface goes down, adjacencies can flap. Binding
the router-ID to a /32 address on a dummy avoids this.</li>
<li><strong>Stable management address</strong>: A /32 on a dummy gives the device a
permanent identity on the network, reachable as long as at least one
uplink is up and the address is redistributed into the routing domain.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>WiFi interfaces also use dummies as placeholders when the radio
hardware is not detected at boot (e.g., a USB dongle that was
unplugged). See <a href="../wifi/">WiFi</a> for details.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="example-stable-ospf-router-id">Example: Stable OSPF Router-ID<a class="headerlink" href="#example-stable-ospf-router-id" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Create a dummy interface with a /32 address and use it as the OSPF
router-ID so that the ID never changes when physical ports bounce:</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/&gt; <b>configure</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface lo0</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/lo0/&gt; <b>set type dummy</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/lo0/&gt; <b>set ipv4 address 192.0.2.1 prefix-length 32</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/lo0/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit routing control-plane-protocol ospfv2 name default ospf</b>
admin@example:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>set explicit-router-id 192.0.2.1</b>
admin@example:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt; <b>copy running-config startup-config</b>
</code></pre>
<p>To also make the address reachable by other routers, redistribute
connected routes (or add <code>lo0</code> as an OSPF interface):</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/routing/…/ospf/&gt; <b>set redistribute connected</b>
</code></pre>
<div class="footnote">
<hr>
<ol>
<li id="fn:1">
<p>A YANG deviation was previously used to make it possible to set
<code>phys-address</code>, but this has been replaced with the more flexible
<code>custom-phys-address</code>.&nbsp;<a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">↩</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
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