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Introduction
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Introduction
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Configuration
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Network Calculator
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Network Monitoring
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Quickstart Guide
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Networking
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Networking
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Overview
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Common Settings
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Bridging
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Link Aggregation
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Ethernet Interfaces
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IP Addressing
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Routing
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Firewall Configuration
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Quality of Service
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Quality of Service
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Hardware Forwarded Traffic
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Marvell LinkStreet
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Default Policy
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Queueing
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Marking
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Software Forwarded Traffic
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A complex example
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RMON Counters
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Tunneling (L2/L3)
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VPN Tunnels
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VPN Tunnels
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Overview
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="quality-of-service">Quality of Service<a class="headerlink" href="#quality-of-service" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<p>On occasion, most networks will experience congestion due to some
extraordinary load being placed upon it. If the load is transient,
switches and routers may be able to absorb such bursts of traffic by
queuing packets in internal memories. However, if the load is
sustained over long periods of time, queues will fill up and packets
will start to be dropped. When such situations arise, it is the job of
the network's Quality of Service (QoS) policy to define <em>which</em>
packets to drop and which ones to prioritize, such that critical
services remain operational.</p>
<h2 id="hardware-forwarded-traffic">Hardware Forwarded Traffic<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-forwarded-traffic" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The default QoS policy for flows which are offloaded to a switching
ASIC is defined by the hardware defaults of the device in question.</p>
<h3 id="marvell-linkstreet">Marvell LinkStreet<a class="headerlink" href="#marvell-linkstreet" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>This family of devices, sometimes also referred to as <em>SOHO</em>, are
managed by the <code>mv88e6xxx</code> driver in the Linux kernel. While older
chips in this family where limited to 4 output queues per port, this
documentation is <em>only</em> valid for newer generations with 8 output
queues per port.</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" href="../img/qos-hw-mvls.svg" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Hardware offloading for Marvell Link Street" src="../img/qos-hw-mvls.svg"></a></p>
<p>The picture illustrates packets having their priority determined at
ingress, here interface <em>e1</em> and <em>e3</em>. In this example, both packets
are forwarded to the same outgoing interface (<em>e2</em>), subject to output
queueing. The sections below provides more information on these
topics. </p>
<h4 id="default-policy">Default Policy<a class="headerlink" href="#default-policy" title="Permanent link"></a></h4>
<h5 id="queueing">Queueing<a class="headerlink" href="#queueing" title="Permanent link"></a></h5>
<p>Both layer 2 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1Q">VLAN PCP</a>) and layer 3 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiated_services">IP DSCP</a>) priority marks
are considered when selecting the output queue of an incoming
frame. PCP to queue mapping is done 1:1. For IP packets, the 3 most
significant bits of the DSCP is used to select the queue:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: right;">PCP</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">DSCP</th>
<th>⇒</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Queue</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Weight</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">0</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">0-7</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">0</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">1</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">8-15</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">1</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">2</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">16-23</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">2</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">3</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">24-31</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">3</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">4</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">32-39</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">4</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">5</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">40-47</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">5</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">6</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">48-55</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">6</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">7</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">56-63</td>
<td>⇒</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">7</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">33</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For packets containing both a VLAN tag and an IP header, PCP priority
takes precedence over DSCP priority. In cases where neither are
available, packets are always assigned to queue 0.</p>
<p>Each port's set of 8 egress queues operate on a Weighted Round Robin
(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_round_robin">WRR</a>) schedule, using the weights listed in the table above. The
sum of all weights adds up to 99, meaning that the weight of any given
queue is roughly equivalent to the percentage of the available
bandwidth reserved for it.</p>
<h5 id="marking">Marking<a class="headerlink" href="#marking" title="Permanent link"></a></h5>
<p>Any priority marks available on ingress are left unmodified when the
frame egresses an output port. In the case when an IP packet ingresses
<em>without</em> a VLAN tag, and is to egress <em>with</em> a VLAN tag, its PCP is
set to the 3 most significant bits of it. If no priority information
is available in the frame on ingress (i.e. untagged non-IP), then
packets will egress out of tagged ports with PCP set to 0.</p>
<h2 id="software-forwarded-traffic">Software Forwarded Traffic<a class="headerlink" href="#software-forwarded-traffic" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>For packets which are processed by a CPU, i.e. typically routed
traffic, and bridged traffic between interfaces that do not belong to
the same hardware switching domain, an <a href="../container/#application-container-nftables">nftables container</a> can be
used to define a QoS policy.</p>
<p>For VLAN interfaces, Infix provides support for mapping the Priority
Code Point (PCP) to internal priority on ingress, and the reverse on
egress. </p>
<p><a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" href="../img/qos-vlan-iface.svg" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Ingress and Egress Priority mapping for VLAN interfaces" src="../img/qos-vlan-iface.svg"></a></p>
<p>These <code>ingress-qos</code> and <code>egress-qos</code> settings are done per VLAN, both
defaulting to '0'. The example below shows how to keep the PCP priority
for packets being routed between two VLAN interfaces.</p>
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface e1.10</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/e1.10/&gt; <b>set vlan ingress-qos priority from-pcp</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/e1.10/&gt; <b>up</b>
admin@example:/config/&gt; <b>edit interface e1.20</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/e1.20/&gt; <b>set vlan egress-qos pcp from-priority</b>
admin@example:/config/interface/e1.20/&gt; <b>leave</b>
admin@example:/&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="a-complex-example">A complex example<a class="headerlink" href="#a-complex-example" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The picture below shows a packet flow being subject both to software
forwarding and hardware offloading.</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" href="../img/qos-complex.svg" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Hardware and Software QoS Handling" src="../img/qos-complex.svg"></a></p>
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