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Routing
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DHCP Server
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<h1 id="netboot-howto">Netboot HowTo<a class="headerlink" href="#netboot-howto" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<p>This document describes how to set up network booting U-Boot devices on
a LAN, e.g., when working with an evaluation board or other embedded
system. The most secure way to do this is with a local LAN between a PC
and the device.</p>
<p>Instead of setting up everything in U-Boot to download the Linux Image,
device tree, and initramfs, we will let U-Boot download a script with
instructions to run. When you have multiple systems (boards) this
quickly becomes a lot easier to manage.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Instructions in this HowTo assume a Debian based development system,
e.g., Ubuntu or Linux Mint.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="network-interface-setup">Network Interface Setup<a class="headerlink" href="#network-interface-setup" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>For two dedicated network interfaces, here <code>eth2</code> and <code>eth3</code> (ymmv), we
create an old-style interfaces config<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup> with the following content:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a># /etc/network/interfaces.d/gimli
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>auto eth2
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>iface eth2 inet static
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> address 192.168.0.1
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> netmask 255.255.255.0
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>auto eth3
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a>iface eth3 inet manual
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>Use configuration file names in <code>.d/</code> directories that make sense and
can easily be remembered. Here we use the hostname of the PC.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="dhcptftp-server-setup">DHCP/TFTP Server Setup<a class="headerlink" href="#dhcptftp-server-setup" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The examples given here use <code>dnsmasq</code>, which provides both DHCP and TFTP
server support. The same can be achieved with other implementations.</p>
<p>Similar to <code>interfaces.d</code>, dnsmasq has an <code>/etc/dnsmasq.d</code> directory so
we can use "snippets" instead of modifying <code>/etc/dnsmasq.conf</code> directly.
Add a file called <code>/etc/dnsmasq.d/gimli</code>.</p>
<p>Initial content:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a># Remember IP address handed out to BOOTP clients
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>bootp-dynamic
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a># Disable check-if-ip-address-is-already-used
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>no-ping
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a># Enable TFTP server, use /srv/ftp, same as any FTP server, useful
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a># when using the same images for system upgrade as for netbooting.
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a>enable-tftp
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a>tftp-root=/srv/ftp
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Caution</p>
<p>First of all, make sure you DO NOT accidentally set up dnsmasq so that
it starts acting as a DHCP server also on your office LAN! Follow the
instructions below for more details.</p>
</div>
<p>If you have many interfaces used for lab equipment and only one office
LAN interface, then use something like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a># Disable DHCP server on loopback and office LAN (eth0)
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>except-interface=lo
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>except-interface=eth0
</code></pre></div>
<p>To further lock this down, we only run the DHCP server on each of the
interfaces used for lab equipment, with a dedicated IP range as well:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a># Currently I have an imx8mp-evk on eth2, so on my system I have a
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a># symlink bootfile-eth2 -&gt; netboot.scr
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>interface=eth2
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>dhcp-range=192.168.0.100,192.168.0.199,1h
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>dhcp-boot=tag:eth2,bootfile-eth2
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="bootfile-netbootscr">Bootfile netboot.scr<a class="headerlink" href="#bootfile-netbootscr" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The bootfile U-Boot retrieves from the TFTP server is a script that
looks like this, <code>netboot.sh</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>setenv<span class="w"> </span>ramdisk_addr_r<span class="w"> </span>0x58000000
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>setenv<span class="w"> </span>fdt_addr_r<span class="w"> </span>0x50400000
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>setenv<span class="w"> </span>autoboot<span class="w"> </span>off
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>tftp<span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">fdt_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="w"> </span>imx8mp-evk/imx8mp-evk.dtb
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a>tftp<span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">kernel_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="w"> </span>imx8mp-evk/Image
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a>tftp<span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">ramdisk_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="w"> </span>imx8mp-evk/rootfs.squashfs
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>setenv<span class="w"> </span>bootargs<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">console</span><span class="o">=</span>ttymxc1,115200<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">root</span><span class="o">=</span>/dev/ram0<span class="w"> </span>brd.rd_size<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">500000</span><span class="w"> </span>rauc.slot<span class="o">=</span>net
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a>booti<span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">kernel_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">ramdisk_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span>:<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">filesize</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">fdt_addr_r</span><span class="si">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>U-Boot cannot read script files directly, so we need to wrap it with a
FIT format header, this is done by first converting it on the PC:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>$ mkimage -T script -d netboot.sh netboot.scr
</code></pre></div>
<p>The output is <code>netboot.scr</code> which we symlink to above in the dnsmasq
setup step.</p>
<h2 id="u-boot-commands">U-Boot Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#u-boot-commands" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>U-Boot is a maze of environment variables, some with values, some wrap
commands, and most are undocumented. We will use a prefix for our
variables to ensure we do not overwrite anything you may want to use
later.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="o">==</span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>setenv<span class="w"> </span>ixboot<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'dhcp &amp;&amp; source \${fileaddr}'</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="o">==</span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>saveenv
</code></pre></div>
<div class="footnote">
<hr>
<ol>
<li id="fn:1">
<p>To prevent NetworkManager from automatically managing the interfaces.&nbsp;<a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">↩</a></p>
</li>
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