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<link rel="prev" href="../lag/">
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<link rel="next" href="../vlan/">
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix="">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#vlan-interfaces" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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VLAN Interfaces
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||||
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#configuring-fixed-speed-and-duplex" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#restricting-advertised-link-modes" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Configuring fixed speed and duplex
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Restricting advertised link modes
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Restricting advertised link modes">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#duplex-and-advertised-modes" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Duplex and advertised modes
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="#disabling-auto-negotiation" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Disabling auto-negotiation
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="../vlan/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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VLAN Interfaces
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix="">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#vlan-interfaces" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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VLAN Interfaces
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#configuring-fixed-speed-and-duplex" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#restricting-advertised-link-modes" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Configuring fixed speed and duplex
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Restricting advertised link modes
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Restricting advertised link modes">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#duplex-and-advertised-modes" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Duplex and advertised modes
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#disabling-auto-negotiation" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Disabling auto-negotiation
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<h1 id="ethernet-interfaces">Ethernet Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#ethernet-interfaces" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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||||
<p>This document covers VLAN interfaces, physical Ethernet interfaces,
|
||||
and virtual Ethernet (VETH) pairs.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="vlan-interfaces">VLAN Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#vlan-interfaces" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>Creating a VLAN can be done in many ways. This section assumes VLAN
|
||||
interfaces created atop another Linux interface. E.g., the VLAN
|
||||
interfaces created on top of the Ethernet interface or bridge in the
|
||||
picture below.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" href="../img/interface-vlan-variants.svg" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="VLAN interface on top of Ethernet or Bridge interfaces" src="../img/interface-vlan-variants.svg"></a></p>
|
||||
<p>A VLAN interface is basically a filtering abstraction. When you run
|
||||
<code>tcpdump</code> on a VLAN interface you will only see the frames matching the
|
||||
VLAN ID of the interface, compared to <em>all</em> the VLAN IDs if you run
|
||||
<code>tcpdump</code> on the lower-layer interface.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>configure</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface eth0.20</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0.20/> <b>show</b>
|
||||
type vlan;
|
||||
vlan {
|
||||
tag-type c-vlan;
|
||||
id 20;
|
||||
lower-layer-if eth0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth0.20/> <b>leave</b>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The example below assumes bridge br0 is already created, see <a href="../bridging/#vlan-filtering-bridge">VLAN
|
||||
Filtering Bridge</a>.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>configure</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface vlan10</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/vlan10/> <b>set vlan id 10</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/vlan10/> <b>set vlan lower-layer-if br0</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/vlan10/> <b>leave</b>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As conventions, a VLAN interface for VID 20 on top of an Ethernet
|
||||
interface <em>eth0</em> is named <em>eth0.20</em>, and a VLAN interface for VID 10 on
|
||||
top of a bridge interface <em>br0</em> is named <em>vlan10</em>.</p>
|
||||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
<p>If you name your VLAN interface <code>foo0.N</code> or <code>vlanN</code>, where <code>N</code> is a
|
||||
number, the CLI infers the interface type automatically.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>This document covers physical Ethernet interfaces and virtual Ethernet
|
||||
(VETH) pairs. For VLAN interfaces stacked on top of an Ethernet port
|
||||
or bridge, see <a href="../vlan/">VLAN Interfaces</a>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="physical-ethernet-interfaces">Physical Ethernet Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#physical-ethernet-interfaces" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<h3 id="ethernet-settings-and-status">Ethernet Settings and Status<a class="headerlink" href="#ethernet-settings-and-status" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Physical Ethernet interfaces provide low-level settings for speed/duplex as
|
||||
well as packet status and <a href="#ethernet-statistics">statistics</a>.</p>
|
||||
<p>By default, Ethernet interfaces defaults to auto-negotiating
|
||||
speed/duplex modes, advertising all speed and duplex modes available.
|
||||
In the example below, the switch would by default auto-negotiate speed
|
||||
1 Gbit/s on port eth1 and 100 Mbit/s on port eth4, as those are the
|
||||
highest speeds supported by H1 and H2 respectively.</p>
|
||||
<p>By default, Ethernet interfaces defaults to auto-negotiating speed/duplex
|
||||
modes, advertising all speed and duplex modes available. In the example
|
||||
below, the switch would by default auto-negotiate speed 1 Gbps on port eth1
|
||||
and 100 Mbps on port eth4, as those are the highest speeds supported by H1 and
|
||||
H2 respectively.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" href="../img/ethernet-autoneg.svg" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="4-port Gbit/s switch connected to Gbit and Fast Ethernet Hosts" src="../img/ethernet-autoneg.svg"></a></p>
|
||||
<p>The speed and duplex status for the links can be listed as shown
|
||||
below, assuming the link operational status is 'up'.</p>
|
||||
<p>A quick at-a-glance view of the physical link is available in the summary
|
||||
listing. When a port is up, a physical-layer row appears above the ethernet
|
||||
row, naming the IEEE PMD type (e.g. <code>1000baseT</code>, <code>10GbaseLR</code>) in the PROTOCOL
|
||||
column and the negotiated duplex in DATA. When the link is down the row is
|
||||
omitted and the interface name falls onto the ethernet row.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>show interface</b>
|
||||
<span class="header">INTERFACE PROTOCOL STATE DATA </span>
|
||||
eth1 1000baseT UP duplex: full
|
||||
ethernet 00:53:00:06:11:01
|
||||
eth2 1000baseT UP duplex: full
|
||||
ethernet 00:53:00:06:11:02
|
||||
eth3 ethernet DOWN 00:53:00:06:11:03
|
||||
eth4 100baseTX UP duplex: full
|
||||
ethernet 00:53:00:06:11:04
|
||||
...
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The detail view spells everything out, including auto-negotiation
|
||||
state and the speed in Mbit/s.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>show interface eth1</b>
|
||||
name : eth1
|
||||
index : 2
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 1000
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:01
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75581
|
||||
out-octets : 43130
|
||||
name : eth1
|
||||
index : 2
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
link mode : 1000baseT
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 1000
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:01
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75581
|
||||
out-octets : 43130
|
||||
...
|
||||
admin@example:/> <b>show interface eth4</b>
|
||||
name : eth4
|
||||
index : 5
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 100
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:04
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75439
|
||||
out-octets : 550704
|
||||
name : eth4
|
||||
index : 5
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
link mode : 100baseTX
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 100
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:04
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75439
|
||||
out-octets : 550704
|
||||
...
|
||||
admin@example:/>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="configuring-fixed-speed-and-duplex">Configuring fixed speed and duplex<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-fixed-speed-and-duplex" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Auto-negotiation of speed/duplex mode is desired in almost all
|
||||
use-cases, but it is possible to disable auto-negotiation and specify
|
||||
a fixed speed and duplex mode.</p>
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||||
<p>When setting a fixed speed and duplex mode, ensure both sides of the
|
||||
link have matching configuration. If speed does not match, the link
|
||||
will not come up. If duplex mode does not match, the result is
|
||||
reported collisions and/or bad throughput.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="restricting-advertised-link-modes">Restricting advertised link modes<a class="headerlink" href="#restricting-advertised-link-modes" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Auto-negotiation is the right default for almost all links, but sometimes a
|
||||
port has to come up at a fixed speed, usually when talking to old hardware
|
||||
that won't auto-negotiate or does it badly. IEEE Std 802.3.2-2025 dropped
|
||||
the old "turn off auto-negotiation, then set a fixed speed and duplex"
|
||||
approach. Instead you restrict the set of PMD types the port may advertise:
|
||||
list a single PMD and the link pins to that mode against any peer that
|
||||
supports it.</p>
|
||||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
<p>Earlier Infix releases needed <code>enable false</code> plus explicit <code>speed</code> and
|
||||
<code>duplex</code> leaves. IEEE Std 802.3.2-2025 retired the <code>eth:speed</code> leaf, so
|
||||
the speed now comes from the <code>advertised-pmd-types</code> entry instead.
|
||||
Existing <code>startup-config.cfg</code> files are migrated automatically on upgrade.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>The example below configures port eth3 to fixed speed 100 Mbit/s
|
||||
half-duplex mode.</p>
|
||||
<p>Each entry in <code>auto-negotiation/advertised-pmd-types</code> is an IEEE PMD-type
|
||||
identity (<code>ieee802-ethernet-phy-type:pmd-type-*</code>). The separate <code>duplex</code>
|
||||
leaf controls half vs full duplex.</p>
|
||||
<p>The example below pins port <code>eth3</code> to 100 Mbit/s half-duplex.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>configure</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface eth3 ethernet</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set speed 0.1</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set auto-negotiation advertised-pmd-types pmd-type-100BASE-TX</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set duplex half</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set auto-negotiation enable false</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>show</b>
|
||||
auto-negotiation {
|
||||
enable false;
|
||||
advertised-pmd-types [ ieee802-ethernet-phy-type:pmd-type-100BASE-TX ];
|
||||
}
|
||||
duplex half;
|
||||
speed 0.1;
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>leave</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Speed metric is in Gbit/s. Auto-negotiation needs to be disabled in
|
||||
order for fixed speed/duplex to apply. Only speeds <code>0.1</code>(100 Mbit/s)
|
||||
and <code>0.01</code> (10 Mbit/s) can be specified. 1 Gbit/s and higher speeds
|
||||
require auto-negotiation to be enabled.</p>
|
||||
<p>List several PMDs to advertise all of them; auto-negotiation then settles
|
||||
on the highest mode both ends support.</p>
|
||||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||||
<p>When pinning a link mode, make sure both ends share at least one common
|
||||
(PMD, duplex) combination, otherwise the link will not come up.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h4 id="duplex-and-advertised-modes">Duplex and advertised modes<a class="headerlink" href="#duplex-and-advertised-modes" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>A PMD type like <code>10BASE-T</code> or <code>100BASE-TX</code> says nothing about duplex on its
|
||||
own, but the kernel tracks half and full duplex as separate link modes.
|
||||
Infix advertises both variants of every PMD you list, then narrows to one
|
||||
duplex when the <code>duplex</code> leaf is set:</p>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th><code>advertised-pmd-types</code></th>
|
||||
<th><code>duplex</code></th>
|
||||
<th>Resulting advertised modes</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>[10BASE-T]</code></td>
|
||||
<td><em>unset</em></td>
|
||||
<td><code>10baseT/Half</code> + <code>10baseT/Full</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>[10BASE-T]</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>full</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>10baseT/Full</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>[10BASE-T]</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>half</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>10baseT/Half</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>[10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX]</code></td>
|
||||
<td><em>unset</em></td>
|
||||
<td>all four half/full combinations</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>[10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX]</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>full</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>10baseT/Full</code> + <code>100baseT/Full</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><em>unset</em></td>
|
||||
<td><em>unset</em></td>
|
||||
<td>every mode the PHY supports (default)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<p>So <code>duplex</code> filters the PMDs you listed. PMDs with no half-duplex variant
|
||||
(everything above 1 Gbps) only ever advertise full.</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="disabling-auto-negotiation">Disabling auto-negotiation<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-auto-negotiation" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||||
<p>The method above keeps auto-negotiation on and only limits what it
|
||||
advertises, so the peer still negotiates as usual. That doesn't help with
|
||||
gear that won't negotiate at all, like some old switches or a back-to-back
|
||||
copper link. For those, set <code>auto-negotiation/enable false</code> together with a
|
||||
single <code>advertised-pmd-types</code> entry to force a fixed speed and duplex with
|
||||
negotiation off:</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set auto-negotiation enable false</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set auto-negotiation advertised-pmd-types pmd-type-100BASE-TX</b>
|
||||
admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set duplex full</b>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>With <code>enable false</code> you must list exactly one PMD: it sets the speed, and
|
||||
the <code>duplex</code> leaf sets half or full. Leave <code>duplex</code> out and Infix uses
|
||||
whatever the PMD supports, normally full.</p>
|
||||
<p>Auto-MDIX usually rides along with auto-negotiation, so turning negotiation
|
||||
off can leave both ends picking the same MDI/MDI-X pinout. The link then
|
||||
comes up electrically but carries no traffic. When that happens, force
|
||||
opposite pinouts with the <code>mdi-x</code> leaf — set one end true (MDI-X) and the
|
||||
other false (MDI):</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/interface/eth3/ethernet/> <b>set mdi-x false</b>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Leaving <code>mdi-x</code> unset keeps Auto-MDIX in charge, which is correct whenever
|
||||
auto-negotiation is on.</p>
|
||||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
<p>Whether <code>enable false</code> reaches the external PHY depends on the driver.
|
||||
Direct-attach NICs handle it directly. Switch user ports go through the
|
||||
switch driver, and some accept the request at the MAC but leave the PHY
|
||||
auto-negotiating: the kernel reports the configured speed while the wire
|
||||
runs at whatever was negotiated, and traffic stalls. If that happens,
|
||||
read the PHY's BMCR register (e.g. with <code>mdio</code> from <code>mdiotools</code>) to see
|
||||
what the PHY is actually doing.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>The detail view exposes a <code>supported</code> block (operational state,
|
||||
backed by the <code>supported-pmd-types</code> leaf-list) listing the PMD types
|
||||
the kernel currently believes the interface can operate at. For
|
||||
SFP/SFP+ cages this set reflects the inserted module: plug in a 10G
|
||||
LR optic and <code>supported</code> will narrow to <code>10GbaseLR</code> only. Combined
|
||||
with the operational <code>link mode</code> row above it, this makes it trivial
|
||||
to confirm what an unknown transceiver actually is — no <code>ethtool -m</code>
|
||||
round-trip needed.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>show interface eth13</b>
|
||||
name : eth13
|
||||
type : ethernet
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
link mode : 10GbaseLR
|
||||
auto-negotiation : off
|
||||
supported : 10GbaseLR
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 10000
|
||||
...
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="ethernet-statistics">Ethernet statistics<a class="headerlink" href="#ethernet-statistics" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Ethernet packet statistics<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup> can be listed as shown below.</p>
|
||||
<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>show interface eth1</b>
|
||||
name : eth1
|
||||
index : 2
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 1000
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:0a
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75581
|
||||
out-octets : 43130
|
||||
|
||||
eth-in-frames : 434
|
||||
eth-in-multicast-frames : 296
|
||||
eth-in-broadcast-frames : 138
|
||||
eth-in-error-fcs-frames : 0
|
||||
eth-in-error-oversize-frames : 0
|
||||
eth-out-frames : 310
|
||||
eth-out-multicast-frames : 310
|
||||
eth-out-broadcast-frames : 0
|
||||
eth-out-good-octets : 76821
|
||||
eth-in-good-octets : 60598
|
||||
name : eth1
|
||||
index : 2
|
||||
mtu : 1500
|
||||
operational status : up
|
||||
link mode : 1000baseT
|
||||
auto-negotiation : on
|
||||
duplex : full
|
||||
speed : 1000
|
||||
physical address : 00:53:00:06:11:0a
|
||||
ipv4 addresses :
|
||||
ipv6 addresses :
|
||||
in-octets : 75581
|
||||
out-octets : 43130
|
||||
───────────────────
|
||||
<b>Ethernet Statistics</b>
|
||||
in-frames : 434
|
||||
in-multicast-frames : 296
|
||||
in-broadcast-frames : 138
|
||||
in-error-fcs-frames : 0
|
||||
in-error-oversize-frames : 0
|
||||
out-frames : 310
|
||||
out-multicast-frames : 310
|
||||
out-broadcast-frames : 0
|
||||
out-good-octets : 76821
|
||||
in-good-octets : 60598
|
||||
admin@example:/>
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user