Merge pull request #1527 from kernelkit/wifi-roaming

Wi-Fi: Add mesh (802.11s) and roaming (802.11k,v,r)

board/common/rootfs/etc/finit.d/available/hostapd@.conf

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-service <!> name:hostapd :%i \
-	[2345] hostapd -P/var/run/hostapd-%i.pid  /etc/hostapd-%i.conf \
-	-- Wi-Fi Access Point @%i

board/common/rootfs/etc/finit.d/available/mesh@.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+service name:wpa_supplicant :%i \
+	[2345] wpa_supplicant -s -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant-%i.conf -P/var/run/wpa_supplicant-%i.pid \
+	-- Wi-Fi Mesh @%i

board/common/rootfs/usr/libexec/infix/iw.py

@@ -257,15 +257,15 @@ def parse_interface_info(ifname):
     for line in output.splitlines():
         stripped = line.strip()
 
-        # Interface type
+        # Interface type (can be multi-word, e.g. "mesh point")
         if stripped.startswith('type '):
-            result['iftype'] = stripped.split()[1]
+            result['iftype'] = ' '.join(stripped.split()[1:])
 
         # MAC address
         elif stripped.startswith('addr '):
             result['mac'] = stripped.split()[1]
 
-        # SSID
+        # SSID (AP mode) or mesh-id (mesh point mode) — kernel uses same attr
         elif stripped.startswith('ssid '):
             result['ssid'] = decode_iw_ssid(' '.join(stripped.split()[1:]))
 
@@ -538,6 +538,43 @@ def parse_link(ifname):
     return result
 
 
+def parse_phy_caps(phy_name):
+    """
+    Parse 'iw phy <name> info' for HT and VHT capability bitmasks.
+    Returns: {ht_cap: int, vht_cap: int}
+
+    iw phy info output format:
+        Capabilities: 0x1ef
+            ...
+        VHT Capabilities (0x339071b2):
+            ...
+    """
+    actual_phy = normalize_phy_name(phy_name)
+    output = run_iw('phy', actual_phy, 'info')
+    if not output:
+        output = run_iw(actual_phy, 'info')
+    if not output:
+        return {'ht_cap': 0, 'vht_cap': 0}
+
+    ht_cap = 0
+    vht_cap = 0
+
+    for line in output.splitlines():
+        stripped = line.strip()
+
+        # HT Capabilities: "Capabilities: 0x1ef"
+        ht_match = re.match(r'Capabilities:\s+(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)', stripped)
+        if ht_match:
+            ht_cap = int(ht_match.group(1), 16)
+
+        # VHT Capabilities: "VHT Capabilities (0x339071b2):"
+        vht_match = re.match(r'VHT Capabilities\s+\((0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\)', stripped)
+        if vht_match:
+            vht_cap = int(vht_match.group(1), 16)
+
+    return {'ht_cap': ht_cap, 'vht_cap': vht_cap}
+
+
 def main():
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
         print(json.dumps({
@@ -548,7 +585,8 @@ def main():
                 'info': 'Get PHY or interface information (requires device)',
                 'survey': 'Get channel survey data (requires interface)',
                 'station': 'Get connected stations in AP mode (requires interface)',
-                'link': 'Get link info in station mode (requires interface)'
+                'link': 'Get link info in station mode (requires interface)',
+                'caps': 'Get HT/VHT capability bitmasks (requires PHY/radio)'
             },
             'examples': [
                 'iw.py list',
@@ -557,7 +595,8 @@ def main():
                 'iw.py info wlan0',
                 'iw.py station wifi0',
                 'iw.py link wlan0',
-                'iw.py survey wlan0'
+                'iw.py survey wlan0',
+                'iw.py caps radio0'
             ]
         }, indent=2))
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -594,6 +633,11 @@ def main():
                 data = {'error': 'survey command requires interface argument'}
             else:
                 data = parse_survey(sys.argv[2])
+        elif command == 'caps':
+            if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+                data = {'error': 'caps command requires PHY/radio argument'}
+            else:
+                data = parse_phy_caps(sys.argv[2])
         else:
             data = {'error': f'Unknown command: {command}'}
 

doc/ChangeLog.md

@@ -3,6 +3,23 @@ Change Log
 
 All notable changes to the project are documented in this file.
 
+[v26.06.0][UNRELEASED]
+--------------
+
+### Changes
+
+- Add Wi-Fi roaming for fast, seamless handoff between access points that
+  share an SSID: 802.11k, 802.11v and 802.11r (over-the-air FT).  See the
+  [Wi-Fi][wifi] guide for details
+- Add Wi-Fi 802.11s mesh support, letting access points form a wireless
+  backhaul between each other without cabling
+- Add band steering for dual-band access points, nudging dual-band
+  clients onto the faster 5/6 GHz band
+- Add `legacy-rates` option to re-enable 802.11b rates on 2.4 GHz for
+  old IoT devices (disabled by default)
+
+[wifi]: wifi.md
+
 [v26.05.0][] - 2026-05-29
 -------------------------
 

doc/README.md

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ regression test system solely relies on NETCONF and RESTCONF.
    - [Introduction](introduction.md)
    - [System Configuration](system.md)
    - [Network Configuration](networking.md)
+   - [Wi-Fi](wifi.md)
    - [DHCP Server](dhcp.md)
    - [Syslog Support](syslog.md)
  - **Infix In-Depth**

doc/wifi.md

@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio0/wifi-radio/> <b>leave</b>
 - `channel-width`: AP channel bandwidth.  Supported values are `auto`, `20MHz`,
   `40MHz`, `80MHz`, and `160MHz`.  Wider channels require matching hardware,
   regulatory approval, and are only available on 5GHz/6GHz where supported.
+- `legacy-rates`: Allow legacy 802.11b rates (1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps) on 2.4GHz
+  (default: disabled).  Slow 802.11b clients consume excessive airtime and
+  degrade throughput for all stations, so the rates are normally suppressed.
+  Enable only when old 2.4GHz-only IoT devices need them to associate.  No
+  effect on 5GHz/6GHz.
 - `probe-timeout`: Seconds to wait for PHY detection at boot (default: 0).  Set
   to a non-zero value (e.g., 30) for USB WiFi dongles that are slow to
   initialize due to firmware loading
@@ -165,6 +170,69 @@ admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio0/wifi-radio/> <b>leave</b>
 > constraints and hardware capabilities.  Channel width can now be set
 > explicitly for AP mode, or left at `auto` to let the driver choose.
 
+### Bands and Channels
+
+Each band strikes a different balance between range and capacity.  The
+`country-code` decides which channels are legal in your location; the
+lists below are the common allocations, and your regulatory domain may
+allow fewer.
+
+**2.4 GHz**
+
+Channels 1-13 are available in most of the world, 1-11 in the US and
+Canada, and 14 in Japan (802.11b only).  At 20 MHz only three channels
+avoid overlap: 1, 6, and 11.  A 40 MHz channel takes up most of the
+band, so it is seldom worth using here.
+
+Drawbacks:
+
+- This is the most crowded band.  It is shared with Bluetooth, Zigbee,
+  cordless phones, microwave ovens, and most of the neighboring Wi-Fi.
+- Narrow channels and constant contention hold real throughput well
+  below 5 and 6 GHz.
+- The upside is range: 2.4 GHz reaches further and passes through walls
+  better, which keeps it useful for distant clients and 2.4 GHz-only
+  IoT devices.
+
+**5 GHz**
+
+UNII-1 (channels 36-48) and UNII-3 (149-165) need no radar checks.
+UNII-2 (channels 52-64 and 100-144) shares spectrum with radar and
+requires DFS.  ETSI regions such as the EU do not include UNII-3, so the
+only non-DFS 5 GHz channels there are 36-48.  This band supports 20, 40,
+80, and 160 MHz, so it is the one to use for wide, fast channels.
+
+Drawbacks:
+
+- Shorter range than 2.4 GHz, and a weaker signal through walls and
+  floors.
+- A DFS channel must be monitored for radar for 60 seconds (up to 10
+  minutes near some weather radars) before the AP may transmit, which
+  delays start-up.  If radar appears later, the AP has to leave the
+  channel within 10 seconds and avoid it for 30 minutes, dropping
+  clients during the move.
+- The widest 80 and 160 MHz channels almost always sit on DFS spectrum,
+  so the same radar rules apply to them.
+
+**6 GHz**
+
+The FCC regions open 59 channels (1, 5, 9 ... 233) across 5925-7125 MHz.
+ETSI regions, including the EU, currently open only the lower part,
+5945-6425 MHz (channels 1-93), for indoor use.  Clients find networks on
+the 15 Preferred Scanning Channels (5, 21, 37 ... 229) spaced every
+80 MHz, and `auto` selects channel 37.  There is no DFS in 6 GHz, so
+there is no radar start-up delay.
+
+Drawbacks:
+
+- The shortest range and the weakest wall penetration of the three
+  bands.
+- Only Wi-Fi 6E and newer clients can use it; older phones and IoT
+  devices cannot see the band at all.
+- AP operation requires WPA3-Personal (SAE) with management frame
+  protection, so WPA2-only and open networks are rejected.
+- Indoor power limits cap coverage further.
+
 ### WiFi 6 Support
 
 WiFi 6 (802.11ax) is always enabled in AP mode on all bands, providing improved
@@ -486,20 +554,253 @@ radio settings, and `show interface` to see all active AP interfaces.
 > AP and Station modes cannot be mixed on the same radio. All virtual interfaces
 > on a radio must be the same mode (all APs or all Stations).
 
-### AP as Bridge Port
+## Fast Roaming Between Access Points
 
-WiFi AP interfaces can be added to bridges to integrate wireless devices
+Fast roaming enables seamless client handoff between access points through
-into your LAN:
+802.11k/r/v standards. These features can be enabled individually based on
+your requirements.
+
+### 802.11r - Fast BSS Transition
+
+Enable 802.11r for fast handoff (<50ms) between APs with the same SSID:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r mobility-domain 4f57
+```
+
+**Requirements:**
+- All APs in roaming group must have **identical** SSID
+- All APs must have **identical** passphrase (same keystore secret)
+- All APs must use the **same mobility-domain** identifier
+
+**Mobility Domain Options:**
+- Explicit 4-character hex value (e.g., `4f57`) - default if not specified
+- `hash` - Automatically derive from SSID using MD5 (OpenWrt-compatible)
+
+Using `hash` allows multiple APs with the same SSID to automatically share
+the same mobility domain without manual configuration:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r mobility-domain hash
+```
+
+The NAS-Identifier (Network Access Server Identifier) is a string that
+uniquely identifies each AP within the 802.11r mobility domain.  APs
+exchange this identifier during fast BSS transition so they can look up
+the correct PMK-R1 key for the roaming client.  It must be unique per AP
+BSS and stable across reboots.
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r nas-identifier auto
+```
+
+`auto` derives the identifier as:
+
+`<interface-name>-<hostname>.<mobility-domain>`
+
+Or set an explicit string:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r nas-identifier ap01.wifi0.4f57
+```
+
+### 802.11k - Radio Resource Management
+
+Enable 802.11k for client neighbor discovery and better roaming decisions:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11k
+```
+
+Enables neighbor reports and beacon reports, allowing clients to discover
+nearby APs before roaming.
+
+### 802.11v - BSS Transition Management
+
+Enable 802.11v for network-assisted roaming:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11v
+```
+
+Allows APs to suggest better APs to clients, improving roaming decisions.
+
+#### Band Steering (MBO)
+
+Enabling `dot11v` also turns on MBO (Multi-Band Operation), advertised in
+beacons and association responses.  MBO lets a dual-band client see that
+the same SSID exists on another band and decide for itself when to move,
+while 802.11v BSS Transition Management lets the AP suggest a better
+target.
+
+On top of the client-cooperative hints, the AP applies active steering:
+on a 2.4 GHz access-point it suppresses probe responses to clients that
+were recently seen on the same SSID on the 5/6 GHz band, nudging
+dual-band clients onto the higher band.  MBO is **enabled by default**
+whenever `dot11v` is enabled:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11v
+```
+
+To turn it off while keeping BSS Transition Management:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11v band-steering false
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Band steering only matters when the same SSID is offered on two or more
+> bands (one access-point per radio).  On a single-band network there is
+> no other band to move to, so it has no effect.
+
+### Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC)
+
+OKC reduces re-authentication time for roaming clients that do not
+support 802.11r.  The AP caches the PMK from previous associations and
+shares it with other APs in the same mobility group.  It is **enabled by
+default** and only activates when both AP and client support it:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming okc false
+```
+
+### Recommended Configuration
+
+For optimal roaming experience, enable all three features:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11k
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11v
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r mobility-domain 4f57
+```
+
+Or use `hash` for automatic mobility domain derivation from SSID:
+
+```
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11k
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11v
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> set wifi access-point roaming dot11r mobility-domain hash
+```
+
+Repeat for all APs that should participate in the roaming group.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Not all client devices support all roaming features. Modern devices typically
+> support 802.11k/r/v, but older devices may only support basic roaming without
+> fast transition.
+
+## 802.11s Mesh Point Mode
+
+IEEE 802.11s is a wireless mesh networking standard operating at Layer 2.
+Mesh nodes form peer links directly with each other and route traffic
+using HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol), which is built into the
+Linux mac80211 subsystem.  There is no central controller; nodes
+discover peers and find paths on their own.
+
+The standard defines two node roles:
+
+- **Mesh Point (MP)** - a basic mesh node that forwards traffic within
+  the mesh
+- **Mesh Portal (MPP)** - a mesh node that bridges traffic between the
+  mesh and an external network (e.g., a wired LAN)
+
+In practice, a node bridging the mesh interface to a LAN acts as a mesh
+portal.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Not all WiFi hardware supports 802.11s mesh.  The driver must implement
+> mesh point mode in mac80211.  Check your adapter's capabilities with
+> `iw phy <phy> info` and look for "mesh point" under "Supported interface
+> modes".
+
+### 802.11s vs EasyMesh
+
+|                             | **802.11s**              | **EasyMesh**                   |
+|-----------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------------|
+| **Standard**                | IEEE (open, ratified)    | Wi-Fi Alliance (certification) |
+| **Topology**                | Peer-to-peer, any-to-any | Controller-based tree          |
+| **Single point of failure** | None                     | Controller                     |
+| **Multi-hop**               | True N-hop               | Limited (1-2 hops)             |
+| **Vendor lock-in**          | None                     | Common                         |
+| **Linux support**           | Kernel-native (mac80211) | Requires proprietary firmware  |
+
+Infix uses 802.11s because it runs entirely in the kernel with no
+proprietary components.
+
+### Mesh configuration
+
+A mesh point requires the radio to have `band`, `channel`, and a valid
+`country-code` configured. Mesh and AP modes cannot coexist on the same
+radio.
+
+**Step 1: Configure the radio**
 
 <pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>configure</b>
-admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface br0</b>
+admin@example:/config/> <b>edit hardware component radio1 wifi-radio</b>
-admin@example:/config/interface/br0/> <b>set type bridge</b>
+admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio1/wifi-radio/> <b>set country-code DE</b>
-
+admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio1/wifi-radio/> <b>set band 5GHz</b>
-admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface wifi0</b>
+admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio1/wifi-radio/> <b>set channel 36</b>
-admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> <b>set bridge-port bridge br0</b>
+admin@example:/config/hardware/component/radio1/wifi-radio/> <b>leave</b>
-admin@example:/config/interface/wifi0/> <b>leave</b>
 </code></pre>
 
+**Step 2: Create keystore entry for mesh security**
+
+All mesh links use WPA3-SAE encryption. All nodes in the same mesh
+network must share the same passphrase:
+
+<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/> <b>configure</b>
+admin@example:/config/> <b>edit keystore symmetric-key mesh-secret</b>
+admin@example:/config/keystore/…/mesh-secret/> <b>set key-format passphrase-key-format</b>
+admin@example:/config/keystore/…/mesh-secret/> <b>change cleartext-symmetric-key</b>
+Passphrase: ************
+Retype passphrase: ************
+admin@example:/config/keystore/…/mesh-secret/> <b>end</b>
+</code></pre>
+
+**Step 3: Configure the mesh interface**
+
+<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface wifi-mesh</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>set type wifi</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>set wifi radio radio1</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>set wifi mesh-point mesh-id my-mesh</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>set wifi mesh-point security secret mesh-secret</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>leave</b>
+</code></pre>
+
+**Mesh parameters:**
+
+- `mesh-id`: Network identifier, 1-32 characters.  All nodes in the mesh
+  must use the same mesh ID
+- `forwarding`: L2 mesh forwarding (default: true).  When enabled, the
+  interface can be added to a bridge as a mesh portal
+- `security secret`: Keystore reference for the WPA3-SAE passphrase
+
+### Mesh portal (bridge integration)
+
+To connect the wireless mesh to a wired LAN, add the mesh interface to
+a bridge:
+
+<pre class="cli"><code>admin@example:/config/> <b>edit interface wifi-mesh</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>set bridge-port bridge br0</b>
+admin@example:/config/interface/wifi-mesh/> <b>leave</b>
+</code></pre>
+
+### Mesh with roaming APs
+
+You can combine 802.11s mesh backhaul with roaming-enabled access
+points.  Each node has a mesh interface for backhaul on one radio and
+AP interfaces for clients on another:
+
+![802.11s mesh backhaul with roaming-enabled access points](img/wifi-mesh-roaming.svg)
+
+With 802.11r/k/v roaming enabled on the APs (same SSID, same
+passphrase, same mobility domain), clients hand off between nodes while
+the mesh carries backhaul traffic.
+
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 Use `show interface wifi0` to verify signal strength and connection status.

package/feature-wifi/Config.in

@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ config BR2_PACKAGE_FEATURE_WIFI
 	select BR2_PACKAGE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DEBUG_SYSLOG
 	select BR2_PACKAGE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_AUTOSCAN
 	select BR2_PACKAGE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_CLI
+	select BR2_PACKAGE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_AP_SUPPORT
+	select BR2_PACKAGE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_MESH_NETWORKING
 	select BR2_PACKAGE_WIRELESS_REGDB
         select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD
         select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD_DRIVER_NL80211
         select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD_WPA3
         select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD_WPS
+        select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD_WNM
+        select BR2_PACKAGE_HOSTAPD_MBO
 	select BR2_PACKAGE_IW
 	help
 	  Enables WiFi in Infix. Enables all requried applications.

package/feature-wifi/feature-wifi.mk

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ define FEATURE_WIFI_LINUX_CONFIG_FIXUPS
 endef
 
 define FEATURE_WIFI_INSTALL_IN_ROMFS
-        mkdir -p $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/modprobe.d $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/udev/rules.d
+        mkdir -p $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/modprobe.d $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/udev/rules.d $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/libexec
         cp $(FEATURE_WIFI_PKGDIR)/mt7915e.conf $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/modprobe.d/mt7915e.conf
         cp $(FEATURE_WIFI_PKGDIR)/60-rename-wifi-phy.rules $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/udev/rules.d/60-rename-wifi-phy.rules
         cp $(FEATURE_WIFI_PKGDIR)/70-remove-virtual-wifi-interfaces.rules $(TARGET_DIR)/etc/udev/rules.d/70-remove-virtual-wifi-interfaces.rules

patches/firewalld/2.3.1/0003-fix-functions-do-not-touch-global-ip_forward-sysctl.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+From 9899169d6dcb07aaecdde09c77ef59b56f66e3e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: =?UTF-8?q?Mattias=20Walstr=C3=B6m?= <lazzer@gmail.com>
+Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 09:10:15 +0200
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] fix(functions): do not touch global ip_forward sysctl
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Organization: Wires
+
+Infix manages IPv4/IPv6 forwarding per-interface via the sysctls
+net.ipv4.conf.<iface>.forwarding and net.ipv6.conf.<iface>.forwarding.
+firewalld's enable_ip_forwarding() instead writes the *global*
+net.ipv4.ip_forward and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding knobs.  The kernel
+propagates those global values to every interface, which clobbers the
+per-interface forwarding configuration Infix sets.
+
+Make enable_ip_forwarding() a no-op.  The backends still install the
+masquerade and forward-port nftables rules; the per-packet forwarding
+decision is governed by the inbound interface's forwarding flag, so
+routing keeps working on the interfaces where Infix enabled it while
+the global knob is left untouched.
+
+Signed-off-by: Mattias Walström <lazzer@gmail.com>
+---
+ src/firewall/functions.py | 13 ++++++++-----
+ 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/src/firewall/functions.py b/src/firewall/functions.py
+index 1b8a32c..cd87f5d 100644
+--- a/src/firewall/functions.py
++++ b/src/firewall/functions.py
+@@ -495,11 +495,14 @@ def writefile(filename, line):
+ 
+ 
+ def enable_ip_forwarding(ipv):
+-    if ipv == "ipv4":
+-        return writefile("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward", "1\n")
+-    elif ipv == "ipv6":
+-        return writefile("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding", "1\n")
+-    return False
++    # Infix manages IP forwarding per-interface via the sysctls
++    # net.ipv4.conf.<iface>.forwarding and net.ipv6.conf.<iface>.forwarding.
++    # Writing the global net.ipv4.ip_forward / net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
++    # knobs would clobber those per-interface settings, since the kernel
++    # propagates the global value to every interface.  Make this a no-op:
++    # firewalld still installs the masquerade and forward-port nft rules, and
++    # forwarding works on the interfaces where Infix has enabled it.
++    return True
+ 
+ 
+ def get_nf_conntrack_short_name(module):
+-- 
+2.43.0
+

src/confd/configure.ac

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ PKG_CHECK_MODULES([libite],  [libite >= 2.6.1])
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES([sysrepo], [sysrepo >= 4.2.10])
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES([libyang], [libyang >= 4.2.2])
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES([libsrx],  [libsrx >= 1.0.0])
+PKG_CHECK_MODULES([libcrypto], [libcrypto])
 
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([ev.h],
     [saved_LIBS="$LIBS"

src/confd/src/Makefile.am

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ confd_plugin_la_CFLAGS  =			\
 	$(glib_CFLAGS)				\
 	$(jansson_CFLAGS)			\
 	$(libite_CFLAGS)			\
+	$(libcrypto_CFLAGS)			\
 	$(sysrepo_CFLAGS)			\
 	$(libsrx_CFLAGS)			\
 	$(CFLAGS)
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ confd_plugin_la_LIBADD  =			\
 	$(glib_LIBS)				\
 	$(jansson_LIBS)				\
 	$(libite_LIBS)				\
+	$(libcrypto_LIBS)			\
 	$(sysrepo_LIBS)				\
 	$(libsrx_LIBS)
 

src/confd/src/hardware.c

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause */
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <ftw.h>
+#include <glob.h>
 #include <jansson.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
 
 #include <srx/common.h>
 #include <srx/lyx.h>
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@
 #define XPATH_BASE_              "/ietf-hardware:hardware"
 #define HOSTAPD_CONF             "/etc/hostapd-%s.conf"
 #define HOSTAPD_CONF_NEXT        HOSTAPD_CONF"+"
+#define HOSTAPD_SERVICE          "/etc/finit.d/available/hostapd.conf"
 #define GPSD_CONF                "/etc/finit.d/available/gpsd.conf"
 #define GPSD_CONF_NEXT           GPSD_CONF"+"
 #define GPSD_MAX_DEVICES         4
@@ -177,6 +181,89 @@ out_free_xpath:
 	return err;
 }
 
+/* Resolve mobility domain - if "hash", derive from SSID using MD5 (OpenWrt-compatible) */
+static const char *resolve_mobility_domain(const char *mobility_domain, const char *ssid)
+{
+	static char hash_result[5]; /* 4 hex chars + null */
+	unsigned char md5_digest[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
+	unsigned int md5_len;
+	EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
+
+	if (strcmp(mobility_domain, "hash"))
+		return mobility_domain;
+
+	if (!ssid) {
+		ERROR("Cannot derive mobility domain from NULL SSID");
+		return "4f57"; /* Fallback to default */
+	}
+
+	/* Compute MD5 hash using EVP API (OpenSSL 3.0+) */
+	ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
+	if (!ctx) {
+		ERROR("Failed to create EVP context");
+		return "4f57";
+	}
+
+	if (EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, EVP_md5(), NULL) != 1 ||
+	    EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, ssid, strlen(ssid)) != 1 ||
+	    EVP_DigestFinal_ex(ctx, md5_digest, &md5_len) != 1) {
+		ERROR("Failed to compute MD5 hash");
+		EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx);
+		return "4f57";
+	}
+
+	EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx);
+
+	/* Extract first 4 hex characters (first 2 bytes) */
+	snprintf(hash_result, sizeof(hash_result), "%02x%02x", md5_digest[0], md5_digest[1]);
+
+	DEBUG("Derived mobility domain '%s' from SSID '%s'", hash_result, ssid);
+	return hash_result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find an AP interface on a higher-band radio (5/6 GHz) advertising the
+ * same SSID as the caller's 2.4 GHz BSS, for no_probe_resp_if_seen_on=.
+ * hostapd suppresses a 2.4 GHz probe response only once it has actually
+ * seen that MAC on the listed interface, so 2.4-only clients always get a
+ * response while dual-band clients are nudged to the higher band. Note:
+ * sta_track spans bands only when both radios run in one hostapd process.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer into the config tree (do not free) or NULL.
+ */
+static const char *wifi_find_higher_band_twin(struct lyd_node *config,
+					      const char *current_band,
+					      const char *current_ssid)
+{
+	struct lyd_node *cifs, *cif;
+
+	if (strcmp(current_band, "2.4GHz"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	cifs = lydx_get_descendant(config, "interfaces", "interface", NULL);
+	LYX_LIST_FOR_EACH(cifs, cif, "interface") {
+		struct lyd_node *wifi, *ap, *radio_node;
+		const char *radio, *ssid, *band;
+
+		wifi = lydx_get_child(cif, "wifi");
+		if (!wifi)
+			continue;
+		ap = lydx_get_child(wifi, "access-point");
+		if (!ap)
+			continue;
+		ssid = lydx_get_cattr(ap, "ssid");
+		if (strcmp(ssid, current_ssid))
+			continue;
+		radio = lydx_get_cattr(wifi, "radio");
+		radio_node = lydx_get_xpathf(config,
+			"/hardware/component[name='%s']/wifi-radio", radio);
+		band = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "band");
+		if (!strcmp(band, "5GHz") || !strcmp(band, "6GHz"))
+			return lydx_get_cattr(cif, "name");
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
 
 static int wifi_find_interfaces_on_radio(struct lyd_node *ifs, const char *radio_name,
 					  struct lyd_node ***iface_list, int *count)
@@ -200,7 +287,7 @@ static int wifi_find_interfaces_on_radio(struct lyd_node *ifs, const char *radio
 
 		if (lydx_get_op(iface) == LYDX_OP_DELETE)
 			continue;
-		list = realloc(list, sizeof(struct lyd_node *) * n + 1);
+		list = realloc(list, sizeof(struct lyd_node *) * (n + 1));
 		list[n++] = iface;
 	}
 
@@ -230,8 +317,7 @@ static int wifi_find_radio_aps(struct lyd_node *cifs, const char *radio_name,
 		ap = lydx_get_child(wifi, "access-point");
 		if (!ap)
 			continue;
-		list = realloc(list, sizeof(char *) *n+1);
+		list = realloc(list, sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
-
 
 		ifname = lydx_get_cattr(cif, "name");
 		list[n++] = strdup(ifname);
@@ -256,10 +342,16 @@ static int wifi_find_radio_aps(struct lyd_node *cifs, const char *radio_name,
 /* Helper: Write SSID and security configuration (shared between primary and BSS) */
 static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd_node *config, bool is_bss, const char *band)
 {
+	struct lyd_node *wifi, *ap, *security, *secret_node, *roaming;
+	struct lyd_node *dot11k, *dot11r, *dot11v;
 	const char *ssid, *hidden, *security_mode, *secret_name;
-	struct lyd_node *wifi, *ap, *security, *secret_node;
+	const char *mobility_domain, *mobility_domain_raw;
+	const char *nas_identifier_cfg;
+	bool enable_80211k, enable_80211r, enable_80211v, enable_mbo;
 	unsigned char *secret = NULL;
 	const char *ifname;
+	char nas_identifier_default[300];
+	char hostname[64] = "localhost";
 	char bssid[18];
 
 	ifname = lydx_get_cattr(cif, "name");
@@ -271,6 +363,24 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 		fprintf(hostapd, "bss=%s\n", ifname);
 	}
 
+	/* Check 802.11k/r/v configuration */
+	roaming = lydx_get_child(ap, "roaming");
+	dot11k = roaming ? lydx_get_child(roaming, "dot11k") : NULL;
+	dot11r = roaming ? lydx_get_child(roaming, "dot11r") : NULL;
+	dot11v = roaming ? lydx_get_child(roaming, "dot11v") : NULL;
+	enable_80211k = dot11k != NULL;
+	enable_80211r = dot11r != NULL;
+	enable_80211v = dot11v != NULL;
+	if (dot11v) {
+		const char *band_steering = lydx_get_cattr(dot11v, "band-steering");
+
+		enable_mbo = !band_steering || !strcmp(band_steering, "true");
+	} else {
+		enable_mbo = false;
+	}
+
+
+
 	/* Set BSSID if custom MAC is configured */
 	if (!interface_get_phys_addr(cif, bssid))
 		fprintf(hostapd, "bssid=%s\n", bssid);
@@ -279,6 +389,19 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 	ssid = lydx_get_cattr(ap, "ssid");
 	hidden = lydx_get_cattr(ap, "hidden");
 
+	if (enable_80211r) {
+		mobility_domain_raw = lydx_get_cattr(dot11r, "mobility-domain");
+		mobility_domain = resolve_mobility_domain(mobility_domain_raw, ssid);
+		nas_identifier_cfg = lydx_get_cattr(dot11r, "nas-identifier");
+		if (!nas_identifier_cfg || !strcmp(nas_identifier_cfg, "auto")) {
+			if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) != 0)
+				snprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
+			hostname[sizeof(hostname) - 1] = '\0';
+			snprintf(nas_identifier_default, sizeof(nas_identifier_default),
+				 "%s-%s.%s", ifname, hostname, mobility_domain);
+			nas_identifier_cfg = nas_identifier_default;
+		}
+	}
 	if (ssid)
 		fprintf(hostapd, "ssid=%s\n", ssid);
 	if (hidden && !strcmp(hidden, "true"))
@@ -330,7 +453,7 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 	} else if (!strcmp(security_mode, "wpa2-personal")) {
 		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa=2\n");
 		/* WPA-PSK: Pre-shared key authentication */
-		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=%sWPA-PSK\n", enable_80211r ? "FT-PSK " : "");
 		/* CCMP: AES-based encryption, mandatory for WPA2 */
 		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_pairwise=CCMP\n");
 		if (secret)
@@ -338,7 +461,7 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 	} else if (!strcmp(security_mode, "wpa3-personal")) {
 		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa=2\n");
 		/* SAE: Simultaneous Authentication of Equals, resistant to offline dictionary attacks */
-		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=SAE\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=%sSAE\n", enable_80211r ? "FT-SAE " : "");
 		fprintf(hostapd, "rsn_pairwise=CCMP\n");
 		if (secret)
 			fprintf(hostapd, "sae_password=%s\n", secret);
@@ -346,7 +469,8 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 	} else if (!strcmp(security_mode, "wpa2-wpa3-personal")) {
 		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa=2\n");
 		/* Allow both PSK (WPA2) and SAE (WPA3) authentication */
-		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK SAE\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_key_mgmt=%sWPA-PSK SAE\n",
+			enable_80211r ? "FT-PSK FT-SAE " : "");
 		fprintf(hostapd, "rsn_pairwise=CCMP\n");
 		if (secret) {
 			fprintf(hostapd, "wpa_passphrase=%s\n", secret);
@@ -356,6 +480,62 @@ static void wifi_gen_ssid_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *cif, struct lyd
 		fprintf(hostapd, "ieee80211w=1\n");
 	}
 
+	/* 802.11r: Fast BSS Transition */
+	if (enable_80211r) {
+		fprintf(hostapd, "# Fast BSS Transition (802.11r)\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "mobility_domain=%s\n", mobility_domain);
+		/* Over-the-air FT: the client authenticates directly with the
+		 * target AP. Over-DS would relay the exchange through the wireless
+		 * mesh backhaul, adding latency and packet loss, so it is not used. */
+		fprintf(hostapd, "ft_over_ds=0\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "ft_psk_generate_local=1\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "nas_identifier=%s\n", nas_identifier_cfg);
+	}
+
+	/* 802.11k: Radio Resource Management */
+	if (enable_80211k) {
+		fprintf(hostapd, "# Radio Resource Management (802.11k)\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "rrm_neighbor_report=1\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "rrm_beacon_report=1\n");
+	}
+
+	/* 802.11v: BSS Transition Management */
+	if (enable_80211v) {
+		fprintf(hostapd, "# BSS Transition Management (802.11v)\n");
+		fprintf(hostapd, "bss_transition=1\n");
+	}
+
+	/* OKC: Opportunistic Key Caching */
+	if (roaming) {
+		const char *okc = lydx_get_cattr(roaming, "okc");
+
+		if (!okc || !strcmp(okc, "true"))
+			fprintf(hostapd, "okc=1\n");
+	}
+
+	/* MBO: Multi-Band Operation. Advertises multi-band capability so
+	 * MBO-aware clients make their own band-steering decisions; pairs
+	 * with 802.11v BSS Transition Management above. */
+	if (enable_mbo) {
+		const char *twin;
+
+		fprintf(hostapd, "mbo=1\n");
+
+		/* Required for no_probe_resp_if_seen_on below: without it
+		 * hostapd keeps no sta_track list, so the twin radio never
+		 * knows which clients it has seen.  Radio-level, emit once
+		 * in the main section, never per BSS. */
+		if (!is_bss)
+			fprintf(hostapd, "track_sta_max_num=100\n");
+
+		/* Active band steering: on a 2.4 GHz BSS, suppress probe
+		 * responses to clients recently seen on the same-SSID 5/6
+		 * GHz BSS, nudging dual-band clients to the higher band. */
+		twin = wifi_find_higher_band_twin(config, band, ssid);
+		if (twin)
+			fprintf(hostapd, "no_probe_resp_if_seen_on=%s\n", twin);
+	}
+
 	free(secret);
 }
 
@@ -420,19 +600,290 @@ static const char *wifi_ht40_dir(int ch)
 	return ((ch / 4) % 2) ? "[HT40+]" : "[HT40-]";
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read HT/VHT capability bitmasks from hardware via iw.py.
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int wifi_read_phy_caps(const char *radio_name, unsigned int *ht_cap, unsigned int *vht_cap)
+{
+	json_error_t jerr;
+	json_t *root, *jht, *jvht;
+	char buf[256];
+	size_t len;
+	FILE *pp;
+
+	*ht_cap = 0;
+	*vht_cap = 0;
+
+	pp = popenf("r", "/usr/libexec/infix/iw.py caps %s", radio_name);
+	if (!pp)
+		return -1;
+
+	len = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, pp);
+	pclose(pp);
+	buf[len] = '\0';
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse JSON output: {"ht_cap": NNN, "vht_cap": NNN}
+	 * Use jansson since hardware.c already includes it.
+	 */
+	root = json_loads(buf, 0, &jerr);
+	if (!root)
+		return -1;
+
+	jht = json_object_get(root, "ht_cap");
+	jvht = json_object_get(root, "vht_cap");
+
+	if (json_is_integer(jht))
+		*ht_cap = (unsigned int)json_integer_value(jht);
+	if (json_is_integer(jvht))
+		*vht_cap = (unsigned int)json_integer_value(jvht);
+
+	json_decref(root);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build hostapd ht_capab string from HT capability bitmask.
+ * IEEE 802.11-2016 Table 9-153 — HT Capabilities Info field
+ *
+ * The ht40_dir string ("[HT40+]" or "[HT40-]") is prepended when
+ * the configured channel width is 40MHz or wider.
+ */
+static void wifi_build_ht_capab(char *out, size_t sz, unsigned int ht_cap,
+				const char *ht40_dir, int want_ht40)
+{
+	char *p = out;
+	size_t rem = sz;
+	int n;
+
+	*p = '\0';
+
+	if (want_ht40 && ht40_dir) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "%s", ht40_dir);
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	if (ht_cap & 0x0001) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[LDPC]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+	if (ht_cap & 0x0020) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SHORT-GI-20]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+	if (ht_cap & 0x0040) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SHORT-GI-40]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+	if (ht_cap & 0x0080) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[TX-STBC]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* RX-STBC: bits 8-9 */
+	switch ((ht_cap >> 8) & 0x3) {
+	case 1:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC1]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC12]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC123]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* Max A-MSDU Length: bit 11 */
+	if (ht_cap & 0x0800) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[MAX-AMSDU-7935]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build hostapd vht_capab string from VHT capability bitmask.
+ * IEEE 802.11-2016 Table 9-250 — VHT Capabilities Info field
+ *
+ * When the configured width is less than 160MHz, the VHT160 and
+ * SHORT-GI-160 flags are masked out to prevent hostapd from
+ * advertising capabilities the configuration does not use.
+ */
+static void wifi_build_vht_capab(char *out, size_t sz, unsigned int vht_cap, int chwidth)
+{
+	char *p = out;
+	size_t rem = sz;
+	int n;
+
+	*p = '\0';
+
+	/* Max MPDU Length: bits 0-1 */
+	switch (vht_cap & 0x3) {
+	case 1:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[MAX-MPDU-7991]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[MAX-MPDU-11454]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* Supported Channel Width: bits 2-3 */
+	if (chwidth >= 2) {
+		switch ((vht_cap >> 2) & 0x3) {
+		case 1:
+			n = snprintf(p, rem, "[VHT160]");
+			p += n;
+			rem -= n;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			n = snprintf(p, rem, "[VHT160-80PLUS80]");
+			p += n;
+			rem -= n;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* RXLDPC: bit 4 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x10) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RXLDPC]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* Short GI for 80MHz: bit 5 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x20) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SHORT-GI-80]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* Short GI for 160MHz: bit 6 — only when configured for 160MHz */
+	if (chwidth >= 2 && (vht_cap & 0x40)) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SHORT-GI-160]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* TX STBC: bit 7 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x80) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[TX-STBC-2BY1]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* RX STBC: bits 8-10 */
+	switch ((vht_cap >> 8) & 0x7) {
+	case 1:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC-1]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC-12]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC-123]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[RX-STBC-1234]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* SU Beamformer: bit 11 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x800) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SU-BEAMFORMER]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* SU Beamformee: bit 12 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x1000) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[SU-BEAMFORMEE]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* MU Beamformer: bit 19 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x80000) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[MU-BEAMFORMER]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* MU Beamformee: bit 20 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x100000) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[MU-BEAMFORMEE]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* VHT TXOP PS: bit 21 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x200000) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[VHT-TXOP-PS]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* HTC-VHT: bit 22 */
+	if (vht_cap & 0x400000) {
+		n = snprintf(p, rem, "[HTC-VHT]");
+		p += n;
+		rem -= n;
+	}
+
+	/* Max A-MPDU Length Exponent: bits 23-25 */
+	n = (vht_cap >> 23) & 0x7;
+	if (n) {
+		int wrote = snprintf(p, rem, "[MAX-A-MPDU-LEN-EXP%d]", n);
+		p += wrote;
+		rem -= wrote;
+	}
+}
+
 /* Helper: Write radio-specific configuration */
-static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
+static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, const char *radio_name,
+				  struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 {
 	const char *country, *channel, *band, *width;
+	unsigned int ht_cap = 0, vht_cap = 0;
+	char ht_capab[512], vht_capab[512];
+	int chwidth = 0; /* 0=20/40, 1=80, 2=160 */
 	int ch = 0;
+	bool legacy_rates;
 
 	country = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "country-code");
 	band = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "band");
 	channel = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "channel");
 	width = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "channel-width");
+	legacy_rates = lydx_is_enabled(radio_node, "legacy-rates");
 	if (channel && strcmp(channel, "auto"))
 		ch = atoi(channel);
 
+	/* Read HT/VHT hardware capabilities from PHY */
+	wifi_read_phy_caps(radio_name, &ht_cap, &vht_cap);
+
 	if (country)
 		fprintf(hostapd, "country_code=%s\n", country);
 
@@ -459,13 +910,18 @@ static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 			fprintf(hostapd, "hw_mode=g\n");
 
 			/*
-			 * Disable legacy 802.11b rates (1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps).
+			 * Disable legacy 802.11b rates (1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps)
-			 * Slow clients using these rates consume excessive
+			 * unless explicitly enabled via 'legacy-rates'. Slow
-			 * airtime, degrading performance for all clients.
+			 * 802.11b clients consume excessive airtime, degrading
+			 * performance for all clients. When enabled, hostapd
+			 * keeps its default rate set so old 2.4GHz-only IoT
+			 * devices can still associate.
 			 * Rates in 0.5 Mbps units: 60=6M, 90=9M, etc.
 			 */
-			fprintf(hostapd, "supported_rates=60 90 120 180 240 360 480 540\n");
+			if (!legacy_rates) {
-			fprintf(hostapd, "basic_rates=60 120 240\n");
+				fprintf(hostapd, "supported_rates=60 90 120 180 240 360 480 540\n");
+				fprintf(hostapd, "basic_rates=60 120 240\n");
+			}
 		} else if (!strcmp(band, "5GHz") || !strcmp(band, "6GHz")) {
 			/* hw_mode=a: 5GHz/6GHz with 802.11a (OFDM) as baseline */
 			fprintf(hostapd, "hw_mode=a\n");
@@ -511,14 +967,13 @@ static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * Channel width configuration.
+		 * Channel width + HT/VHT capability configuration.
 		 *
-		 * 6GHz: bandwidth is determined by op_class (131-134),
+		 * hostapd requires explicit ht_capab and vht_capab strings
-		 * hostapd ignores he_oper_chwidth on 6GHz.  No VHT/HT.
+		 * that match hardware capabilities.  Without vht_capab, 160MHz
-		 *
+		 * support is not advertised in beacons, causing clients to
-		 * 5GHz: requires explicit ht_capab/vht_capab strings
+		 * connect at 80MHz.  Read capabilities from hardware via iw.py
-		 * matching hardware.  Without vht_capab, 160MHz is not
+		 * and build the capability strings from the bitmasks.
-		 * advertised in beacons.
 		 */
 		if (!strcmp(band, "6GHz")) {
 			int op_class = 133; /* default 80MHz for 6GHz */
@@ -544,13 +999,18 @@ static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 			}
 		} else if (width && strcmp(width, "auto")) {
 			if (!strcmp(width, "20MHz")) {
-				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=\n");
+				chwidth = 0;
+				wifi_build_ht_capab(ht_capab, sizeof(ht_capab), ht_cap, NULL, 0);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", ht_capab);
 				if (strcmp(band, "2.4GHz")) {
 					fprintf(hostapd, "vht_oper_chwidth=0\n");
 					fprintf(hostapd, "he_oper_chwidth=0\n");
 				}
 			} else if (!strcmp(width, "40MHz")) {
-				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", ch ? wifi_ht40_dir(ch) : "[HT40+]");
+				chwidth = 0;
+				wifi_build_ht_capab(ht_capab, sizeof(ht_capab), ht_cap,
+						    ch ? wifi_ht40_dir(ch) : "[HT40+]", 1);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", ht_capab);
 				if (strcmp(band, "2.4GHz")) {
 					fprintf(hostapd, "vht_oper_chwidth=0\n");
 					fprintf(hostapd, "he_oper_chwidth=0\n");
@@ -558,7 +1018,11 @@ static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 			} else if (!strcmp(width, "80MHz") && ch) {
 				int center = wifi_center_chan_80(ch);
 
-				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", wifi_ht40_dir(ch));
+				chwidth = 1;
+				wifi_build_ht_capab(ht_capab, sizeof(ht_capab), ht_cap, wifi_ht40_dir(ch), 1);
+				wifi_build_vht_capab(vht_capab, sizeof(vht_capab), vht_cap, chwidth);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", ht_capab);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "vht_capab=%s\n", vht_capab);
 				fprintf(hostapd, "vht_oper_chwidth=1\n");
 				fprintf(hostapd, "he_oper_chwidth=1\n");
 				if (center) {
@@ -568,7 +1032,11 @@ static void wifi_gen_radio_config(FILE *hostapd, struct lyd_node *radio_node)
 			} else if (!strcmp(width, "160MHz") && ch) {
 				int center = wifi_center_chan_160(ch);
 
-				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", wifi_ht40_dir(ch));
+				chwidth = 2;
+				wifi_build_ht_capab(ht_capab, sizeof(ht_capab), ht_cap, wifi_ht40_dir(ch), 1);
+				wifi_build_vht_capab(vht_capab, sizeof(vht_capab), vht_cap, chwidth);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "ht_capab=%s\n", ht_capab);
+				fprintf(hostapd, "vht_capab=%s\n", vht_capab);
 				fprintf(hostapd, "vht_oper_chwidth=2\n");
 				fprintf(hostapd, "he_oper_chwidth=2\n");
 				if (center) {
@@ -648,7 +1116,7 @@ static int wifi_gen_aps_on_radio(const char *radio_name, struct lyd_node *cifs,
 	fprintf(hostapd, "\n");
 
 	/* Radio-specific configuration */
-	wifi_gen_radio_config(hostapd, radio_node);
+	wifi_gen_radio_config(hostapd, radio_name, radio_node);
 
 	/* Add BSS sections for secondary APs (multi-SSID) */
 	for (i = 1; i < ap_count; i++) {
@@ -725,6 +1193,7 @@ int hardware_change(sr_session_ctx_t *session, struct lyd_node *config, struct l
 	struct lyd_node  *difs = NULL, *dif = NULL;
 	int rc = SR_ERR_OK;
 	int gps_changed = 0;
+	int wifi_changed = 0;
 
 	if (!lydx_find_xpathf(diff, XPATH_BASE_))
 		return SR_ERR_OK;
@@ -786,34 +1255,25 @@ int hardware_change(sr_session_ctx_t *session, struct lyd_node *config, struct l
 				wifi_find_interfaces_on_radio(interfaces_diff, name,
 							      &wifi_iface_list, &wifi_iface_count);
 				if (wifi_iface_count > 0) {
-					bool running, enabled;
-
 					ap = lydx_get_descendant(wifi_iface_list[0], "interface", "wifi", "access-point", NULL);
 					if (ap && lydx_get_op(ap) != LYDX_OP_DELETE) {
-						/* AP mode - activate hostapd for radio */
 						snprintf(src, sizeof(src), HOSTAPD_CONF_NEXT, name);
 						snprintf(dst, sizeof(dst), HOSTAPD_CONF, name);
 
-						running = !systemf("initctl -bfq status hostapd:%s", name);
+						if (fexistf(HOSTAPD_CONF_NEXT, name)) {
-						enabled = fexistf(HOSTAPD_CONF_NEXT, name);
-
-						if (enabled) {
 							(void)rename(src, dst);
 							ap_interfaces++;
-
-							if (running)
-								finit_reloadf("hostapd@%s", name);
-							else
-								finit_enablef("hostapd@%s", name);
 						}
 					}
 				}
 				if (!ap_interfaces) {
-					finit_disablef("hostapd@%s", name);
 					erasef(HOSTAPD_CONF, name);
 					erasef(HOSTAPD_CONF_NEXT, name);
 				}
 				free(wifi_iface_list);
+				/* All radios share one hostapd process; the service is
+				 * (re)generated after the component loop below. */
+				wifi_changed = 1;
 				continue;
 			default:
 				continue;
@@ -909,6 +1369,45 @@ int hardware_change(sr_session_ctx_t *session, struct lyd_node *config, struct l
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * All AP radios run in a single hostapd process so that
+	 * cross-radio directives (e.g. no_probe_resp_if_seen_on for band
+	 * steering) resolve: those only consult interfaces managed by the
+	 * same process.  Regenerate the combined service from every staged
+	 * /etc/hostapd-<radio>.conf and (re)start it.  A restart re-reads
+	 * all radio configs, so band edits and radio add/remove both apply.
+	 */
+	if (wifi_changed && event == SR_EV_DONE) {
+		glob_t gl = { 0 };
+
+		if (glob("/etc/hostapd-*.conf", 0, NULL, &gl) == 0 && gl.gl_pathc > 0) {
+			FILE *fp;
+
+			fp = fopen(HOSTAPD_SERVICE, "w");
+			if (!fp) {
+				ERRNO("Could not open " HOSTAPD_SERVICE);
+				rc = SR_ERR_INTERNAL;
+			} else {
+				size_t i;
+
+				fprintf(fp, "# Generated by confd, do not edit.\n");
+				fprintf(fp, "service <!> name:hostapd \\\n");
+				fprintf(fp, "\t[2345] hostapd -P /run/hostapd.pid");
+				for (i = 0; i < gl.gl_pathc; i++)
+					fprintf(fp, " %s", gl.gl_pathv[i]);
+				fprintf(fp, " \\\n\t-- Wi-Fi Access Points\n");
+				fclose(fp);
+
+				finit_enable("hostapd");
+				finit_reload("hostapd");
+			}
+		} else {
+			unlink(HOSTAPD_SERVICE);
+			finit_disable("hostapd");
+		}
+		globfree(&gl);
+	}
 err:
 
 	return rc;

src/confd/src/if-wifi.c

@@ -79,19 +79,24 @@ int wifi_validate_secret(sr_session_ctx_t *session, struct lyd_node *cif)
 
 wifi_mode_t wifi_get_mode(struct lyd_node *iface)
 {
-	struct lyd_node *ap, *wifi;
+	struct lyd_node *ap, *mesh, *wifi;
 
 	wifi = lydx_get_child(iface, "wifi");
 	if (!wifi)
 		return wifi_unknown;
 
-
 	ap = lydx_get_child(wifi, "access-point");
 	if (ap) {
 		if (lydx_get_op(ap) != LYDX_OP_DELETE)
 			return wifi_ap;
 	}
 
+	mesh = lydx_get_child(wifi, "mesh-point");
+	if (mesh) {
+		if (lydx_get_op(mesh) != LYDX_OP_DELETE)
+			return wifi_mesh;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Need to return station even if "station" also is false,
 	 * because station is the default scanning mode.
@@ -101,19 +106,25 @@ wifi_mode_t wifi_get_mode(struct lyd_node *iface)
 
 int wifi_mode_changed(struct lyd_node *wifi)
 {
-	enum lydx_op ap_op = LYDX_OP_DELETE;
+	enum lydx_op op = LYDX_OP_DELETE;
-	struct lyd_node *ap;
+	struct lyd_node *node;
 
 	if (!wifi)
 		return 0;
 
-	ap = lydx_get_child(wifi, "access-point");
+	node = lydx_get_child(wifi, "access-point");
-	if (ap)
+	if (node)
-		ap_op = lydx_get_op(ap);
+		op = lydx_get_op(node);
+	if (node && (op == LYDX_OP_CREATE || op == LYDX_OP_DELETE))
+		return 1;
 
-	DEBUG("MODE CHANGED: %d", ap && (ap_op == LYDX_OP_CREATE || ap_op == LYDX_OP_DELETE));
+	node = lydx_get_child(wifi, "mesh-point");
+	if (node)
+		op = lydx_get_op(node);
+	if (node && (op == LYDX_OP_CREATE || op == LYDX_OP_DELETE))
+		return 1;
 
-	return (ap && (ap_op == LYDX_OP_CREATE || ap_op == LYDX_OP_DELETE));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -150,7 +161,8 @@ int wifi_gen_station(struct lyd_node *cif)
 		secret_name = NULL;
 	}
 
-	radio_node = lydx_get_xpathf(cif, "../../hardware/component[name='%s']/wifi-radio", radio);
+	radio_node = lydx_get_xpathf(cif,
+		"/ietf-hardware:hardware/component[name='%s']/infix-hardware:wifi-radio", radio);
 	country = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "country-code");
 
 	if (secret_name && strcmp(security_mode, "disabled") != 0) {
@@ -171,10 +183,8 @@ int wifi_gen_station(struct lyd_node *cif)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	/*
+	/* autoscan drives scanning every 10s while unassociated; once
-	 * Background scanning every 10 seconds while not associated, when we
+	 * associated no background scanning runs (bgscan disabled below). */
-	 * have an SSID (below), bgscan assumes this task.
-	 */
 	fprintf(wpa_supplicant,
 		"ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant\n"
 		"autoscan=periodic:10\n"
@@ -190,12 +200,15 @@ int wifi_gen_station(struct lyd_node *cif)
 			asprintf(&security_str, "key_mgmt=NONE");
 		else if (secret)
 			asprintf(&security_str,
-				 "key_mgmt=SAE WPA-PSK\n"
+				 "key_mgmt=FT-SAE FT-PSK SAE WPA-PSK\n"
 				 "  psk=\"%s\"", secret);
 
+		/* bgscan="" disables background scanning once associated: on a
+		 * fixed backhaul link the periodic off-channel sweep stalls
+		 * traffic and buys no roaming benefit. */
 		fprintf(wpa_supplicant,
 			"network={\n"
-			"  bgscan=\"simple: 30:-45:300\"\n"
+			"  bgscan=\"\"\n"
 			"  ssid=\"%s\"\n"
 			"  %s\n"
 			"}\n", ssid, security_str);
@@ -227,6 +240,195 @@ out:
 	return rc;
 }
 
+
+
+/*
+ * Center channel for 80MHz VHT/HE operation.
+ * 5GHz 80MHz channel groups and their center channels:
+ *   36-48(42), 52-64(58), 100-112(106),
+ *                    116-128(122), 132-144(138), 149-161(155)
+ */
+static int wifi_center_chan_80(int ch)
+{
+	static const int grp[][2] = {
+		{36, 42}, {52, 58}, {100, 106}, {116, 122}, {132, 138}, {149, 155}
+	};
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+		if (ch >= grp[i][0] && ch < grp[i][0] + 16)
+			return grp[i][1];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Center channel for 160MHz VHT/HE operation.
+ * 5GHz 160MHz groups: 36-64(50), 100-128(114)
+ */
+static int wifi_center_chan_160(int ch)
+{
+	if (ch >= 36 && ch <= 64)
+		return 50;
+	if (ch >= 100 && ch <= 128)
+		return 114;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert WiFi channel number to frequency in MHz.
+ * Band is determined from channel range:
+ *   2.4GHz: channels 1-14
+ *   5GHz:   channels 32-177
+ *   6GHz:   channels 1-233 (identified by band string)
+ */
+static int wifi_chan_to_freq(int channel, const char *band)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(band, "6GHz"))
+		return 5950 + channel * 5;
+
+	if (channel >= 1 && channel <= 13)
+		return 2407 + channel * 5;
+	if (channel == 14)
+		return 2484;
+
+	/* 5GHz */
+	return 5000 + channel * 5;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate wpa_supplicant config for 802.11s mesh mode
+ */
+int wifi_gen_mesh(struct lyd_node *cif)
+{
+	const char *ifname, *mesh_id, *secret_name, *radio;
+	struct lyd_node *mesh, *security, *secret_node, *radio_node, *wifi;
+	const char *country, *band, *width;
+	FILE *wpa_supplicant = NULL;
+	unsigned char *secret = NULL;
+	int rc = SR_ERR_OK;
+	int channel, freq;
+	mode_t oldmask;
+	bool forwarding;
+
+	ifname = lydx_get_cattr(cif, "name");
+	wifi = lydx_get_child(cif, "wifi");
+	if (!wifi)
+		return SR_ERR_OK;
+
+	radio = lydx_get_cattr(wifi, "radio");
+	mesh = lydx_get_child(wifi, "mesh-point");
+	if (!mesh)
+		return SR_ERR_OK;
+
+	mesh_id = lydx_get_cattr(mesh, "mesh-id");
+	forwarding = lydx_is_enabled(mesh, "forwarding");
+
+	security = lydx_get_child(mesh, "security");
+	secret_name = lydx_get_cattr(security, "secret");
+
+	radio_node = lydx_get_xpathf(cif,
+		"/ietf-hardware:hardware/component[name='%s']/infix-hardware:wifi-radio", radio);
+	country = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "country-code");
+	band = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "band");
+	width = lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "channel-width");
+	channel = atoi(lydx_get_cattr(radio_node, "channel") ? : "0");
+	if (!channel && band && width && !strcmp(width, "auto")) {
+		if (!strcmp(band, "2.4GHz"))
+			channel = 6;
+		else if (!strcmp(band, "5GHz"))
+			channel = 36;
+		else if (!strcmp(band, "6GHz"))
+			channel = 1;
+	}
+
+	freq = wifi_chan_to_freq(channel, band);
+
+	if (secret_name) {
+		const char *b64;
+
+		secret_node = lydx_get_xpathf(cif,
+			"../../keystore/symmetric-keys/symmetric-key[name='%s']",
+			secret_name);
+		b64 = lydx_get_cattr(secret_node, "cleartext-symmetric-key");
+		if (b64)
+			secret = base64_decode((const unsigned char *)b64, strlen(b64), NULL);
+	}
+
+	oldmask = umask(0077);
+	wpa_supplicant = fopenf("w", WPA_SUPPLICANT_CONF, ifname);
+	if (!wpa_supplicant) {
+		rc = SR_ERR_INTERNAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant\n");
+	if (country)
+		fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "country=%s\n", country);
+
+	/* Global scope only (maps to peer_link_timeout): raise the 300s
+	 * default so a fixed backhaul peer is not idled out and re-peered
+	 * (MESH_CLOSE, reason 55), which briefly breaks forwarding. */
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "mesh_max_inactivity=3600\n");
+
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "\nnetwork={\n");
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  mode=5\n");
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ssid=\"%s\"\n", mesh_id);
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  frequency=%d\n", freq);
+
+	if (band && !strcmp(band, "6GHz") && (!width || !strcmp(width, "auto"))) {
+		int center = wifi_center_chan_80(channel);
+
+		fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ht40=1\n");
+		fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  he=1\n");
+		fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  max_oper_chwidth=1\n");
+		if (center)
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  vht_center_freq1=%d\n", wifi_chan_to_freq(center, band));
+	} else if (width && strcmp(width, "auto")) {
+		if (!strcmp(width, "20MHz")) {
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  disable_ht40=1\n");
+		} else if (!strcmp(width, "40MHz")) {
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ht40=1\n");
+		} else if (!strcmp(width, "80MHz")) {
+			int center = wifi_center_chan_80(channel);
+
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ht40=1\n");
+			if (!strcmp(band, "6GHz"))
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  he=1\n");
+			else
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  vht=1\n");
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  max_oper_chwidth=1\n");
+			if (center)
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  vht_center_freq1=%d\n", wifi_chan_to_freq(center, band));
+		} else if (!strcmp(width, "160MHz")) {
+			int center = wifi_center_chan_160(channel);
+
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ht40=1\n");
+			if (!strcmp(band, "6GHz"))
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  he=1\n");
+			else
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  vht=1\n");
+			fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  max_oper_chwidth=2\n");
+			if (center)
+				fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  vht_center_freq1=%d\n", wifi_chan_to_freq(center, band));
+		}
+	}
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  mesh_fwding=%d\n", forwarding ? 1 : 0);
+
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  key_mgmt=SAE\n");
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  ieee80211w=2\n");
+	if (secret)
+		fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "  sae_password=\"%s\"\n", secret);
+
+	fprintf(wpa_supplicant, "}\n");
+
+out:
+	free(secret);
+	if (wpa_supplicant)
+		fclose(wpa_supplicant);
+	umask(oldmask);
+
+	return rc;
+}
 /*
  * Get probe-timeout for a radio from sysrepo config.
  * Returns 0 if not set.
@@ -283,7 +485,7 @@ int wifi_add_iface(struct lyd_node *cif, struct dagger *net)
 
 	fprintf(iw, "# Generated by Infix confd - WiFi Interface Creation\n");
 	fprintf(iw, "# Create %s interface %s on radio %s\n",
-		mode == wifi_station ? "station" : "access point", ifname, radio);
+		mode == wifi_station ? "station" : (mode == wifi_mesh ? "mesh" : "access point"), ifname, radio);
 
 	/* Wait for PHY if probe-timeout is set (slow USB dongles) */
 	if (probe_timeout > 0) {
@@ -317,6 +519,12 @@ int wifi_add_iface(struct lyd_node *cif, struct dagger *net)
 	case wifi_ap:
 		fprintf(iw, "iw phy %s interface add %s type __ap\n", radio, ifname);
 		break;
+	case wifi_mesh:
+		fprintf(iw, "iw phy %s interface add %s type mesh\n", radio, ifname);
+		wifi_gen_mesh(cif);
+		fprintf(iw, "initctl -bfq enable mesh@%s\n", ifname);
+		fprintf(iw, "initctl -bfq touch mesh@%s\n", ifname);
+		break;
 	default:
 		ERROR("WiFi mode %d unknown", mode);
 		rc = SR_ERR_INVAL_ARG;
@@ -350,9 +558,16 @@ int wifi_del_iface(struct lyd_node *dif, struct dagger *net)
 	fprintf(iw, "iw dev %s del 2>/dev/null || ip link del %s 2>/dev/null || true\n", ifname, ifname);
 
 	wifi = lydx_get_child(dif, "wifi");
-	if (wifi && wifi_get_mode(wifi) != wifi_ap) {
+	if (wifi) {
-		erasef(WPA_SUPPLICANT_CONF, ifname);
+		int mode = wifi_get_mode(wifi);
-		fprintf(iw, "initctl -bfq disable wifi@%s\n", ifname);
+
+		if (mode == wifi_mesh) {
+			erasef(WPA_SUPPLICANT_CONF, ifname);
+			fprintf(iw, "initctl -bfq disable mesh@%s\n", ifname);
+		} else if (mode != wifi_ap) {
+			erasef(WPA_SUPPLICANT_CONF, ifname);
+			fprintf(iw, "initctl -bfq disable wifi@%s\n", ifname);
+		}
 	}
 	fclose(iw);
 

src/confd/src/interfaces.c

@@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ static int netdag_gen_afspec_set(sr_session_ctx_t *session, struct dagger *net,
 		if (wifi_get_mode(cif) == wifi_station)
 			return wifi_validate_secret(session, cif)
 				? : wifi_gen_station(cif);
+		if (wifi_get_mode(cif) == wifi_mesh)
+			return wifi_gen_mesh(cif);
 		return 0;
 	case IFT_DUMMY:
 	case IFT_GRE:

src/confd/src/interfaces.h

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ int bridge_port_gen(struct lyd_node *dif, struct lyd_node *cif, FILE *ip);
 typedef enum wifi_mode_t {
 	wifi_station,
 	wifi_ap,
+	wifi_mesh,
 	wifi_unknown
 } wifi_mode_t;
 
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ int wifi_add_iface(struct lyd_node *cif, struct dagger *net);
 int wifi_del_iface(struct lyd_node *dif, struct dagger *net);
 int wifi_mode_changed(struct lyd_node *wifi);
 int wifi_gen_station(struct lyd_node *cif);
+int wifi_gen_mesh(struct lyd_node *cif);
 wifi_mode_t wifi_get_mode(struct lyd_node *wifi);
 
 /* if-gre.c */

src/confd/yang/confd/infix-hardware.yang

@@ -345,6 +345,20 @@ module infix-hardware {
            Only applicable in Access Point mode.";
       }
 
+      leaf legacy-rates {
+        type boolean;
+        default false;
+        description
+          "Allow legacy 802.11b rates (1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps) on 2.4 GHz.
+
+           Disabled by default: slow 802.11b clients consume excessive
+           airtime and degrade throughput for all associated stations.
+           Enable only when old 2.4 GHz-only IoT devices require these
+           rates to associate.
+
+           No effect on 5 GHz or 6 GHz radios.";
+      }
+
       leaf probe-timeout {
         type uint8;
         description

src/confd/yang/confd/infix-if-bridge.yang

@@ -939,8 +939,8 @@ submodule infix-if-bridge {
         must "not(../ip:ipv4/ip:address or ../ip:ipv6/ip:address)" {
           error-message "Bridge ports cannot have IP addresses configured.";
         }
-        must "not(derived-from-or-self(../if:type, 'infix-ift:wifi')) or ../infix-if:wifi/infix-if:access-point" {
+        must "not(derived-from-or-self(../if:type, 'infix-ift:wifi')) or ../infix-if:wifi/infix-if:access-point or ../infix-if:wifi/infix-if:mesh-point" {
-          error-message "WiFi interfaces can only be bridge ports when configured as Access Points.";
+          error-message "WiFi interfaces can only be bridge ports when configured as Access Points or Mesh Points.";
         }
         description "Bridge association and port specific settings.";
         uses bridge-port-common;

src/confd/yang/confd/infix-if-wifi.yang

@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ submodule infix-if-wifi {
      - Security: WPA2/WPA3 with keystore integration
      - Operational state: Connection status, RSSI, client lists";
 
+  revision 2026-03-06 {
+    description
+      "Adding mesh support and roaming.
+	- Add 802.11s mesh point mode support.
+        - Add band-steering (MBO) support and OKC configuration.
+        - Add support for roaming, by adding support for 802.11v/k/r";
+    reference "internal";
+  }
+
   revision 2025-12-17 {
     description
       "Major refactoring for AP mode support (BREAKING CHANGE):
@@ -72,6 +81,27 @@ submodule infix-if-wifi {
     description "WiFi support is an optional build-time feature in Infix.";
   }
 
+  typedef mobility-domain {
+    type union {
+      type string {
+        pattern '[0-9a-fA-F]{4}';
+      }
+      type enumeration {
+        enum hash {
+          description
+            "Derive mobility domain by hashing the SSID.
+
+             OpenWrt-compatible: md5(ssid), first 4 hex chars.";
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    default "4f57";
+    description
+      "802.11r Mobility Domain identifier (4 hex digits).
+
+       Use 'hash' to automatically derive it from the SSID.";
+  }
+
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
     when "derived-from-or-self(if:type, 'infixift:wifi')" {
       description
@@ -127,12 +157,14 @@ submodule infix-if-wifi {
            Once you've identified a network, configure either:
            - Station mode: Connect to an existing WiFi network
            - Access Point mode: Create a WiFi network for clients
+           - Mesh Point mode: Create an 802.11s mesh link
 
            Note: A radio can host either:
            - Multiple AP interfaces (multi-SSID), OR
-           - A single Station interface
+           - A single Station interface, OR
+           - A single Mesh Point interface
 
-           Mixing AP and Station on the same radio is not supported.";
+           Mixing AP and Mesh Point on the same radio is not supported.";
 
         case station {
           container station {
@@ -421,6 +453,121 @@ submodule infix-if-wifi {
               }
             }
 
+            container roaming {
+              description
+                "Fast roaming and seamless handoff configuration.
+
+                 802.11k: Radio Resource Management (neighbor discovery)
+                 802.11r: Fast BSS Transition (fast handoff)
+                 802.11v: BSS Transition Management (network-assisted roaming)";
+
+              container dot11k {
+                presence "Enable 802.11k Radio Resource Management";
+                description
+                  "Enable 802.11k Radio Resource Management.
+
+                   Allows clients to discover neighboring APs for better
+                   roaming decisions. Enables:
+                   - Neighbor reports
+                   - Beacon reports";
+              }
+
+              container dot11r {
+                presence "Enable 802.11r Fast BSS Transition";
+                must "../../security/mode != 'open'" {
+                  error-message "802.11r requires WPA2/WPA3 security and cannot be used with open networks.";
+                }
+                description
+                  "Enable 802.11r Fast BSS Transition.
+
+                   Reduces handoff latency from ~1s to <50ms through
+                   pre-authentication. Required for seamless roaming.";
+
+                leaf mobility-domain {
+                  type mobility-domain;
+                  default "4f57";
+                  description
+                    "802.11r Mobility Domain identifier.
+
+                     All APs that clients should roam between MUST use the
+                     same mobility domain ID.
+
+                     Can be either:
+                     - A 4-character hex string (e.g., '4f57')
+                     - 'hash' to auto-derive from SSID (OpenWrt-compatible)";
+                }
+
+                leaf nas-identifier {
+                  type union {
+                    type enumeration {
+                      enum auto {
+                        description
+                          "Automatically derive NAS-Identifier as:
+                           <interface-name>-<hostname>.<mobility-domain>.";
+                      }
+                    }
+                    type string {
+                      length "1..253";
+                    }
+                  }
+                  default auto;
+                  description
+                    "Override NAS-Identifier used for 802.11r.
+
+                     Set to 'auto' to derive:
+                     <interface-name>-<hostname>.<mobility-domain>.
+
+                     This value should be unique per AP BSS and stable.";
+                }
+              }
+
+              container dot11v {
+                presence "Enable 802.11v BSS Transition Management";
+                description
+                  "Enable 802.11v BSS Transition Management.
+
+                   Allows APs to suggest better APs to clients, improving
+                   network-assisted roaming decisions.";
+
+                leaf band-steering {
+                  type boolean;
+                  default true;
+                  description
+                    "Multi-Band Operation (MBO) band steering.
+
+                     Signals band preferences to capable clients,
+                     encouraging dual-band devices to prefer 5GHz
+                     over 2.4GHz when signal quality permits.
+
+                     MBO steers clients via 802.11v BSS Transition
+                     Management, hence its placement under dot11v;
+                     enabling dot11v enables band steering by default.
+
+                     Only meaningful when the same SSID is offered on
+                     two or more bands (an access-point per radio); a
+                     single-band BSS has no other band to steer toward.
+
+                     Safe to leave enabled (default) - only activates
+                     when both AP and client support MBO.";
+                }
+              }
+
+              leaf okc {
+                type boolean;
+                default true;
+                description
+                  "Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC).
+
+                   Reduces re-authentication time for roaming clients
+                   that don't support 802.11r. The AP caches PMK from
+                   previous associations and shares them with other APs
+                   in the same mobility group.
+
+                   Safe to leave enabled (default) - only activates when
+                   both AP and client support it.";
+              }
+            }
+
             /* Operational state */
 
             container stations {
@@ -496,6 +643,145 @@ submodule infix-if-wifi {
             }
           }
         }
+
+        case mesh-point {
+          container mesh-point {
+            presence "Configure 802.11s mesh point mode";
+
+            must "/iehw:hardware/iehw:component[iehw:name = current()/../radio]/ih:wifi-radio/ih:band" {
+              error-message "Parent radio must have 'band' configured for mesh mode";
+            }
+
+            must "/iehw:hardware/iehw:component[iehw:name = current()/../radio]/ih:wifi-radio/ih:channel" {
+              error-message "Parent radio must have 'channel' configured for mesh mode";
+            }
+
+            must "/iehw:hardware/iehw:component[iehw:name = current()/../radio]/ih:wifi-radio/ih:country-code != '00'" {
+              error-message "Country code '00' is not allowed for mesh mode.";
+            }
+
+            must "not(/if:interfaces/if:interface[wifi/access-point][wifi/radio = current()/../radio])" {
+              error-message "Mesh point and access point cannot coexist on the same radio";
+            }
+
+            description
+              "802.11s Mesh Point mode configuration.
+
+               In mesh mode, the interface creates a peer-to-peer mesh
+               link with other mesh points sharing the same mesh ID.
+
+               Only one mesh point interface is allowed per radio.
+               Mesh point and access point cannot share the same radio.
+
+               Example use case: Wireless backhaul between APs.";
+
+            leaf mesh-id {
+              type string {
+                length "1..32";
+              }
+              mandatory true;
+              description
+                "Mesh network identifier.
+
+                 All mesh points that should form a mesh network
+                 must use the same mesh ID.";
+            }
+
+            leaf forwarding {
+              type boolean;
+              default true;
+              description
+                "Enable layer-2 mesh forwarding (mesh_fwding).
+
+                 When true, the mesh interface can be added to a Linux
+                 bridge for transparent L2 connectivity (mesh portal).
+
+                 When false, only locally destined traffic is received.";
+            }
+
+            container security {
+              description
+                "Mesh security configuration.
+
+                 All mesh links use WPA3-SAE encryption.";
+
+              leaf secret {
+                type ks:central-symmetric-key-ref;
+                mandatory true;
+                description
+                  "Pre-shared key (PSK) reference for SAE mesh.
+
+                   References a symmetric key in the keystore.
+                   All mesh points in the same mesh must share
+                   the same key.";
+              }
+            }
+
+            /* Operational state */
+
+            container peers {
+              list peer {
+                config false;
+                key mac-address;
+                description
+                  "List of currently connected mesh peers.";
+
+                leaf mac-address {
+                  type yang:mac-address;
+                  description "Mesh peer MAC address.";
+                }
+
+                leaf signal-strength {
+                  type int16;
+                  units "dBm";
+                  description "Peer signal strength in dBm.";
+                }
+
+                leaf connected-time {
+                  type uint32;
+                  units "seconds";
+                  description "Time since peer connected, in seconds.";
+                }
+
+                leaf rx-packets {
+                  type yang:counter64;
+                  description "Packets received from this peer.";
+                }
+
+                leaf tx-packets {
+                  type yang:counter64;
+                  description "Packets transmitted to this peer.";
+                }
+
+                leaf rx-bytes {
+                  type yang:counter64;
+                  units "octets";
+                  description "Bytes received from this peer.";
+                }
+
+                leaf tx-bytes {
+                  type yang:counter64;
+                  units "octets";
+                  description "Bytes transmitted to this peer.";
+                }
+
+                leaf rx-speed {
+                  type uint32;
+                  units "100 kbps";
+                  description
+                    "Last received data rate from this peer in 100 kbps.";
+                }
+
+                leaf tx-speed {
+                  type uint32;
+                  units "100 kbps";
+                  description
+                    "Last transmitted data rate to this peer in 100 kbps.";
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
   }

src/statd/python/cli_pretty/cli_pretty.py

@@ -1382,17 +1382,85 @@ class Iface:
 
         stations_table.print()
 
+    def pr_wifi_peers(self):
+        if not self.wifi:
+            return
+
+        mesh = self.wifi.get("mesh-point", {})
+        peers_data = mesh.get("peers", {})
+        peers = peers_data.get("peer", [])
+
+        if not peers:
+            return
+
+        print("\nCONNECTED PEERS:")
+        peers_table = SimpleTable([
+            Column('MAC'),
+            Column('SIGNAL'),
+            Column('TIME'),
+            Column('RX PKT'),
+            Column('TX PKT'),
+            Column('RX BYTES'),
+            Column('TX BYTES'),
+            Column('RX SPEED'),
+            Column('TX SPEED')
+        ])
+
+        for peer in peers:
+            mac = peer.get("mac-address", "unknown")
+            signal = peer.get("signal-strength")
+            signal_str = signal_to_status(signal) if signal is not None else "------"
+
+            conn_time = peer.get("connected-time", 0)
+            time_str = f"{conn_time}s"
+
+            rx_pkt = peer.get("rx-packets", 0)
+            tx_pkt = peer.get("tx-packets", 0)
+            rx_bytes = peer.get("rx-bytes", 0)
+            tx_bytes = peer.get("tx-bytes", 0)
+
+            rx_speed = peer.get("rx-speed", 0)
+            tx_speed = peer.get("tx-speed", 0)
+            rx_speed_str = f"{rx_speed / 10:.1f}" if rx_speed else "-"
+            tx_speed_str = f"{tx_speed / 10:.1f}" if tx_speed else "-"
+
+            peers_table.row(mac, signal_str, time_str, rx_pkt, tx_pkt,
+                           rx_bytes, tx_bytes, rx_speed_str, tx_speed_str)
+
+        peers_table.print()
+
 
     def pr_proto_wifi(self, pipe=''):
-        if self.wifi and (ap := self.wifi.get("access-point", {})):
+        ssid = None
-            ssid = ap.get("ssid", "------")
+        signal = None
-            stations = ap.get("stations", {}).get("station", [])
+        mode = None
-            data_str = f"access-point ssid: {ssid} stations: {len(stations)}"
+
-        elif self.wifi and (station := self.wifi.get("station", {})):
+        if self.wifi:
-            ssid = station.get("ssid", "------")
+            if "access-point" in self.wifi:
-            data_str = f"station ssid: {ssid}"
+                ap = self.wifi["access-point"]
-            if (signal := station.get("signal-strength")) is not None:
+                ssid = ap.get("ssid", "------")
-                data_str += f" signal: {signal_to_status(signal)}"
+                mode = "AP"
+                stations_data = ap.get("stations", {})
+                stations = stations_data.get("station", [])
+                station_count = len(stations)
+                data_str = f"{mode}, ssid: {ssid}, stations: {station_count}"
+            elif "mesh-point" in self.wifi:
+                mesh = self.wifi["mesh-point"]
+                mesh_id = mesh.get("mesh-id", "------")
+                mode = "Mesh"
+                peers_data = mesh.get("peers", {})
+                peers = peers_data.get("peer", [])
+                data_str = f"{mode}, mesh-id: {mesh_id}, peers: {len(peers)}"
+            else:
+                station=self.wifi.get("station", {})
+                ssid = station.get("ssid", "------")
+                signal = station.get("signal-strength")
+                mode = "Station"
+                if signal is not None:
+                    signal_str = signal_to_status(signal)
+                    data_str = f"{mode}, ssid: {ssid}, signal: {signal_str}"
+                else:
+                    data_str = f"{mode}, ssid: {ssid}"
         else:
             data_str = "ssid: ------"
 
@@ -1664,9 +1732,8 @@ class Iface:
             print(f"{'out-octets':<{19}}: {self.out_octets}")
 
         if self.wifi:
-            # Detect mode: AP has "stations", Station has "signal-strength" or "scan-results"
+            if "access-point" in self.wifi:
-            ap = self.wifi.get('access-point')
+                ap = self.wifi['access-point']
-            if ap:
                 mode = "access-point"
                 ssid = ap.get('ssid', "----")
                 stations_data = ap.get("stations", {})
@@ -1675,6 +1742,16 @@ class Iface:
                 print(f"{'ssid':<{19}}: {ssid}")
                 print(f"{'connected stations':<{19}}: {len(stations)}")
                 self.pr_wifi_stations()
+            elif "mesh-point" in self.wifi:
+                mesh = self.wifi['mesh-point']
+                mode = "mesh-point"
+                mesh_id = mesh.get('mesh-id', "----")
+                peers_data = mesh.get("peers", {})
+                peers = peers_data.get("peer", [])
+                print(f"{'mode':<{20}}: {mode}")
+                print(f"{'mesh-id':<{20}}: {mesh_id}")
+                print(f"{'connected peers':<{20}}: {len(peers)}")
+                self.pr_wifi_peers()
             else:
                 mode = "station"
                 station = self.wifi.get('station', {})

src/statd/python/yanger/ietf_interfaces/wifi.py

@@ -58,6 +58,21 @@ def wifi_ap(ifname):
     return {'access-point': ap_data} if ap_data else {}
 
 
+def wifi_mesh(ifname, info=None):
+    """Get operational data for mesh point mode using iw"""
+    mesh_data = {}
+
+    if info is None:
+        info = get_iw_info(ifname)
+    if info.get('ssid'):
+        mesh_data['mesh-id'] = info['ssid']
+
+    peers = get_iw_stations(ifname)
+    if peers:
+        mesh_data['peers'] = {'peer': peers}
+
+    return {'mesh-point': mesh_data}
+
 def wifi_station(ifname):
     """Get operational data for Station mode using iw + wpa_cli for scanning"""
     station_data = {}
@@ -100,6 +115,8 @@ def wifi(ifname):
 
     if mode == 'ap':
         result.update(wifi_ap(ifname))
+    elif mode == 'mesh point':
+        result.update(wifi_mesh(ifname, info))
     else:
         result.update(wifi_station(ifname))