diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index b8b9a7cb..45ad00ef 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
  * #936: Clarify Zabbix monitoring hook documentation about creating items:
    https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/monitor-your-backups/#zabbix-hook
  * #1017: Fix a regression in which some MariaDB/MySQL passwords were not escaped correctly.
+ * #1021: Fix a regression in which the "exclude_patterns" option didn't expand "~" (the user's
+   home directory). This fix means that all "patterns" and "patterns_from" also now expand "~".
 
 1.9.13
  * #975: Add a "compression" option to the PostgreSQL database hook.
diff --git a/borgmatic/actions/create.py b/borgmatic/actions/create.py
index 11928f62..ecc688b5 100644
--- a/borgmatic/actions/create.py
+++ b/borgmatic/actions/create.py
@@ -130,8 +130,11 @@ def expand_directory(directory, working_directory):
 def expand_patterns(patterns, working_directory=None, skip_paths=None):
     '''
     Given a sequence of borgmatic.borg.pattern.Pattern instances and an optional working directory,
-    expand tildes and globs in each root pattern. Return all the resulting patterns (not just the
-    root patterns) as a tuple.
+    expand tildes and globs in each root pattern and expand just tildes in each non-root pattern.
+    The idea is that non-root patterns may be regular expressions or other pattern styles containing
+    "*" that borgmatic should not expand as a shell glob.
+
+    Return all the resulting patterns as a tuple.
 
     If a set of paths are given to skip, then don't expand any patterns matching them.
     '''
@@ -153,7 +156,15 @@ def expand_patterns(patterns, working_directory=None, skip_paths=None):
                 )
                 if pattern.type == borgmatic.borg.pattern.Pattern_type.ROOT
                 and pattern.path not in (skip_paths or ())
-                else (pattern,)
+                else (
+                    borgmatic.borg.pattern.Pattern(
+                        os.path.expanduser(pattern.path),
+                        pattern.type,
+                        pattern.style,
+                        pattern.device,
+                        pattern.source,
+                    ),
+                )
             )
             for pattern in patterns
         )
diff --git a/tests/unit/actions/test_create.py b/tests/unit/actions/test_create.py
index 1e93557d..1f6ca7dc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/actions/test_create.py
+++ b/tests/unit/actions/test_create.py
@@ -225,15 +225,24 @@ def test_expand_patterns_considers_none_as_no_patterns():
     assert module.expand_patterns(None) == ()
 
 
-def test_expand_patterns_only_considers_root_patterns():
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directory').with_args('~/foo', None).and_return(
-        ['/root/foo']
+def test_expand_patterns_expands_tildes_and_globs_in_root_patterns():
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').never()
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directory').and_return(
+        ['/root/foo/one', '/root/foo/two']
     )
-    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directory').with_args('bar*', None).never()
 
-    paths = module.expand_patterns((Pattern('~/foo'), Pattern('bar*', Pattern_type.INCLUDE)))
+    paths = module.expand_patterns((Pattern('~/foo/*'),))
 
-    assert paths == (Pattern('/root/foo'), Pattern('bar*', Pattern_type.INCLUDE))
+    assert paths == (Pattern('/root/foo/one'), Pattern('/root/foo/two'))
+
+
+def test_expand_patterns_expands_only_tildes_in_non_root_patterns():
+    flexmock(module).should_receive('expand_directory').never()
+    flexmock(module.os.path).should_receive('expanduser').and_return('/root/bar/*')
+
+    paths = module.expand_patterns((Pattern('~/bar/*', Pattern_type.INCLUDE),))
+
+    assert paths == (Pattern('/root/bar/*', Pattern_type.INCLUDE),)
 
 
 def test_device_map_patterns_gives_device_id_per_path():